Inherited fromOld Frenchenveier, fromLate Latininviāre, fromLatinvia(“road, path”). CompareSpanish,Portuguese,Occitan, andCatalanenviar,Italianinviare. The irregularity on future and conditional stem were influenced by that ofvoir.
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envoyer
This verb is one of a few verbs that conjugate likenoyer, except in the future and conditional, where they conjugate likevoir.
| infinitive | simple | envoyer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | envoyant /ɑ̃.vwa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | envoyé /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ | envoies /ɑ̃.vwa/ | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ | envoyons /ɑ̃.vwa.jɔ̃/ | envoyez /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ | envoient /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
| imperfect | envoyais /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ | envoyais /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ | envoyait /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ | envoyions /ɑ̃.vwaj.jɔ̃/ | envoyiez /ɑ̃.vwaj.je/ | envoyaient /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | envoyai /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ | envoyas /ɑ̃.vwa.ja/ | envoya /ɑ̃.vwa.ja/ | envoyâmes /ɑ̃.vwa.jam/ | envoyâtes /ɑ̃.vwa.jat/ | envoyèrent /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | enverrai /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁe/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁe/ | enverras /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁa/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁa/ | enverra /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁa/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁa/ | enverrons /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁɔ̃/ | enverrez /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁe/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁe/ | enverront /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enverrais /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ | enverrais /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ | enverrait /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ | enverrions /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁjɔ̃/ | enverriez /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁje/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁje/ | enverraient /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or/ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ | envoies /ɑ̃.vwa/ | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ | envoyions /ɑ̃.vwaj.jɔ̃/ | envoyiez /ɑ̃.vwaj.je/ | envoient /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
| imperfect2 | envoyasse /ɑ̃.vwa.jas/ | envoyasses /ɑ̃.vwa.jas/ | envoyât /ɑ̃.vwa.ja/ | envoyassions /ɑ̃.vwa.ja.sjɔ̃/ | envoyassiez /ɑ̃.vwa.ja.sje/ | envoyassent /ɑ̃.vwa.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ | — | envoyons /ɑ̃.vwa.jɔ̃/ | envoyez /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||