1773 October,The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged:
The word length, which contains only four sounds l e ng th, is usually spell'd thus, el eeen gee tee aitch.
2004, Will Rogers,The Stonking Steps, page170:
I have drunken-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
(typography) A unit of measurement equal tohalf anem (half the height of thetype in use).
1808, C[aleb] Stower, “An Account of the Different Advances in Journeymen’s Wages, from the Year 1785 to 1805, with the Present Regulations and Scale of Prices”, inThe Compositor’s and Pressman’s Guide to the Art of Printing;[…], London:[…][T]he Editor,[…] for B[enjamin] Crosby and Co.[…],→OCLC,page419:
That the price of work, paid for by letters be advanced from fourpence to fourpence halfpenny per thousand, including English and brevier; and, in leaded matter, the ems andens at the beginnings and ends of the lines not to be reckoned in the width.
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985),An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London,→ISBN, page283
Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015),L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[5], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
1835, Jakob Stutz,Gemälde aus dem Volksleben nach der Natur aufgenommen und treu dargestellt in gereimten Gesprächen Zürcherischer Mundart, first part, 2nd ed., pp. 27, 49, 97, 109:
Ih wött dih jetz nu duße möge-n- Auh noh en einzigs Wörtli fröge.
[...] as en einzigs Mol, [...]
Denn ist er si Lebtig e stills Büebli gsi.
Aber es wot e chüels Windli goh.
1864, J. C. Ott,Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 53, 57:
„„Nu, wenn i öppis by d'r gilte,““ Seit Franz, – „„so mach en End myr Qual! [...]““
„[...] O, schenk-mer, Herr, es gnädig's End, Nimm uf my Geist i dyni Händ!“
1864, J. C. Ott,Rosen und Dornen. Gedichte und Gerichte, gewachsen auf Bernerboden, 1st small volume, 2nd ed., pp. 43, 76, 106, 186:
E Mezgerbursch i syne schönste Jahre Mit rothe Backe, schwarze, chruse Haare, Chunt spät am Aabe ganz allei Vom Erlebacher-Märit hei.
Im Berner Alpeg'länd sitzt vor sym chlyne Hüsi [...] En alte Veteran vom Cheiserrych Na Dörflerg'wohnheit i d'r Gartenlaube.
[...] Da villicht en alte Jud, [...]
En Ehrebrecher isch sy Kamerad, [...]
Joh. Schönauer,Beschreibung miner Heimat, in:1876,Volksthümliches aus dem Kanton Bern. Localsagen und Satzungen des Aberglaubens. Gesammelt von Heinrich Grunholzer durch seine Seminarzöglinge. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von J. E. Rothenbach. Separat-Abdruck aus der „Neuen Alpenpost“, p. 5:
Vor zwei Jahra ist z' Höchstetta, das 20 Minuta vo Zäziwyl ist, emene Länder-Güterfuhrma der Waga verbrönnt worda.
Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), “en”, inDiccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana,→ISBN
^Starostin, Sergei;Dybo, Anna;Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*ēn”, inEtymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
While this article (and its feminine counterpartna) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided form of the definite article,l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite articleels is used in all dialects.
“en” inMartalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974),Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
1544, "Van proper Janneken" (song 123), in Dieuwke E. van der Poel, Dirk Geirnaert, Hermina Joldersma, J.B. Oosterman & Louis Peter Grijp (eds.)Het Antwerps liedboek, vol. 1, Lannoo (publ. 2004), page 283.
Schoon soete lief, waert u bequame / Dat ghi mi gaeft een troostelijc woort, / Icen soude certeyn geen ander boelken kiesen, / Al sout mi oock aen mijn leven gaen.
Beautiful sweet darling, if it were pleasing to you / that you gave me a word of consolation, / I would certainly choose no other girlfriend, / even if it were to put my life at risk.
1632, Jacob Cats,Spiegel van den ouden ende nieuwen tijt, bestaende uyt spreeckwoorden ende sinspreucken, "Een rotten appel in de mande, maeckt oock het gave fruyt te schande.", in J. van Vloten (ed.),Alle de werken, vol. 1, 1862, page 649.
Daer magh geen rotte peer in onse manden wesen, / En wat'er nieten deught, dat dient'er uyt gelesen;
There should not be any rotten pear in our baskets, / and what is not of decent quality, that ought be taken out of it;
"Herr Halewyn", A.H. Hoffmann von Fallersleben,Horae Belgicae, page 41.
‘Uw zoon heer Halewyn is gaen jagen, / g’en ziet hem weêr uw levens dagen.’
'Your son Lord Halewyn has gone hunting / youwon't see him again for the rest of your life.'
c.1860, Guido Gezelle,Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan:
Gij zegt dat 't vlaamsch te niet zal gaan: / 'ten zal! / dat 't waalsch gezwets zal boven slaan: / 'ten zal!
You say that Flemish will go extinct: /no, itwon't! / That Walloon banter [i.e. Belgian French, not the Walloon language] will gain the upper hand: /No, itwon't!
...dat aldaer binnen Utrecht niet meer geacht ende respecteerten wordt, ... ―that in Utrecht is no longer valued and respected...
In historical usage,en is always used directly before the finite verb. When used to negate it is commonly accompanied by another negator:gijen zult niet stelen (“thou shalt not steal”),en wat er nieten deugt (“and what is not of decent quality”),iken zoude certein geen ander boelken kiezen (“I would certainly not choose another girlfriend”). Also when used as a stand-alone negator or when combined withmaar, it still stands directly before the finite verb. Use of the particle does not trigger a change in the word order.
In Belgian Dutch it is still sometimes used in certain regional lects and in thetussentaal(“informal registers influenced by both Standard Belgian Dutch and the regional lects”). Details and frequency of use depend on what regional language variety influences a given speaker's idiom, as well as on the speaker's preferences.
In West Flemish usage broadly conforms to historical use: the negation particle may be used along with other negators, independentely or it may be omitted. It is also used as a stand-alone negator to contradict a previous statement that was phrased with positive polarity:Gij zegt dat 't Vlaams te niet zal gaan: / 'ten zal! (“You say that Flemish will go extinct: /no, itwon't!”)
In Belgian Brabantian it is frequently omitted, but it may also be used directly before another negator rather than before the finite verb:en niet.
2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar,Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 2: Númerus:
Cumu to é custión de proporciós, sin que sirva de argumentu por nun fel falta, poemus vel queen a misma Europa hai Estaus Soberarius con menus territoriu que os tres lugaris nossus, cumu:[…]
As everything is a matter of proportions, without its presence being an argument, we can see that evenin Europe there are Sovereign States with less territory than our three places, such as:[…]
En in the sense ofwhile is often not translated into English.
When referring to location in countries, provinces, or similar subdivisions in sense 1 and direction in sense 2,en must be used when the name for that very large location is either a feminine singular noun or a vowel-initial masculine singular noun. If the name for the very large location is a consonant-initial masculine singular noun,au is used, while if the name of the very large location is plural,aux is used.
Used as the object of a verb to indicate an indefinite quantity;ofit,ofthem. Replaces the partitive article (du, de la, etc.)
Essaies-en !
Try some (of it / them)!
Tu as combien de livres ? J'en ai trois.
How many books do you have? I have three (of them).
Y a-t-il beaucoup de pièces ? Oui. Il yen a beaucoup.
Are there many rooms? Yes, there are many (of them).
Martin a trois sandwichs, mais j'en ai seulement deux.
Martin has three sandwiches, but I have only two (of them).
Il yen a combien ?
How manyof them are there?
Je bois de l'alcool parce que j'en ai besoin
I drink alcohol because I needit.
1654, Blaise Pascal,Traité du triangle arithmétique:
J'en donnerai ici la méthode, que je poursuivrai seulement en deux ou trois exemples, qui seront si aisés à continuer qu'il ne sera pas nécessaire d'en donner davantage.
I shall give (of it) here the method that I shall pursue only in two or three examples, which will be so easy to continue that it will not be necessary to give moreof them.
Adverbial preposition indicating movement away from a place already mentioned;fromthere,fromit. Replaces the phrasede là ord’ici.
Est-ce qu'elle vient de Barcelone ? Oui, elleen vient.
Does she come from Barcelona? Yes, she comesfrom there.
1 The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d’,à,pour,chez,dans,vers,sur,sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied. 2Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun. 3On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms). 4 The nominal indeterminate formce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verbêtre as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms. 5 The reflexive third person singular forms (se ors’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive. 6Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonicvous-mêmes becomes singularvous-même. 7Ils,eux andeux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.
when preceding a verb or a complement of a verb it can denote an unfinished or continued action:
O Manuel vaina casa ―Manuel went home (implying that eventually he'll be back)
María beberricano licor ―María is sipping the liquor
1822, anonymous author,A Parola Polêteca:
En escoitalo, señor tio Calacú, xà o peléxo do meu corpo tembra. Sei que á tanta agua que acarrexóu amolentoulle os miolos, é por eso louquéa
While listening to you, my sir uncle Pumpkin, my body's skin trembles. Perhaps the much water you have carried softened you brain, and therefore you are going insane
1853, Xosé Manuel Pintos,A Gaita Gallega:
xa morder ti ben non podes con tal podrico nos dentes, indano pan teño mentes seique non podes chanchar
you can no longer aptly eat with such rottenness in you teeth, even bread, I think, probably you cannot gnaw [chanchar means "bite", buten precedingpan, "bread", implies a repeated action]
while;as soon as(used in a gerundial clause to emphasize its conditional or temporal meaning)
En chegando mudas a roupa mollada ―As soon as you arrive change your wet clothes
1295, R. Lorenzo, editor,La traducción gallega de la Crónica General y de la Crónica de Castilla., Ourense:I. E. O. P. F, page111:
Et o conde,en chegando et ferindo logo ẽnos mouros, todo en hũu o fezo
And the count, [just] arriving, and hurting promptly the Moors, all in one he did that
1460, Rui Vasques,Corónica de Iria:
en leendo perlos llibros algũus de canõicas antijgas, et preujlegios goticos dos santos catholicos et deuotos bispos de Yria et porla Escriptura, achey o fundamento para rreduzir aa memoria dos homes quanto durarõ çertas ydades
[while/after] reading books, some of them of ancient canons, and Gothic privileges of the saint Catholic and devout bishops of Iria, and through the Bible, I found the foundation for reducing to the mind of men for how long some ages lasted
1461, X. Ferro Couselo (ed.),A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI. 2 vols. Vigo: Galaxia, page 141:
dito testigoen seendo moço pequeno con seu tyo Afonso Dominges, guardando o gaando en Curro do Moyño, que le dixera o dito Afonso Domingees "bees, por aquy se parte ho término do conde do de Juan d'Estúñiga
said witness [while/when] being a young boy and together with his uncle Afonso Domínguez, watching the cattle in Curro do Muíño, he was told by said Afonso Domínguez: "you see, here the term of the count limits with that of Xoán de Estúñiga"
c 1850, anonymous author,folk song:
Pasei pola túa porta; pedínch'auga, non ma deches; en pasando pola miña farei como ti fixeches.
I passed by your door; I asked for water, you didn't give it to me. Whenever you pass by my door I'll do as yo did.
FromOld Norseen. The comparative superior conjunction and the hesitational conjunction have developed separately into the same form. The comparative conjunction is-an in the old language;-þan on runestone probably is related to-then, while the other form (hesitational) has formed from the augmentive.
Ég erbetrien bróðir minn. ―I'mbetterthan my brother.
Hún er skemmtilegrien ég. ―She is funnierthan I.
(formal written language)used to join closely linked sentences, similar in English to asemicolon and tothen, which is etymologically the same asthan
2019 April 25 (last accessed), “Baldur ákærður fyrir innherjasvik og brot í opinberu starfi”, inVísir[15], archived fromthe original on19 September 2016:
Rannsókn embættis sérstaks saksóknara á meintum innherjasvikum Baldurs Guðlaugssonar stóð yfir í rúmlega ár,en FME kærði málið með bréfi til embættisins hinn 9. júlí á síðasta ári.
The investigation of the office of a certain prosecutor of Baldur Guðlaugsson supposed insider trading lasted more than a year,then FME filed the case with a letter to the office on July 9th of last year.
^Vajda, Edward;Werner, Heinrich (2022),Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries;79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH,→ISBN, page284
Matthias Alexander Castrén,Versuch Einer Jenissei-Ostjakischen Und Kottischen Sprachlehre: Nebst Aus Den Genannten Sprachen, St. Petersburg: Leopold Voss Publisher, 1858, page 200
Werner, Heinrich (2002),Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN, page267
Werner, Heinrich K. (2003), Röhrborn, Klaus, Schellbach-Kopra, Ingrid, editors,M. A. Castrén und die Jenissejistik: Die Jennisej-Sprachen des 19. Jahrhunderts (Veröffentlichungen des Societas Uralo-Altaica;62) (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag,→ISBN, page175
“Look, what am I doing?” (Sleepless Dido considers her limited options. Regarding “ēn” in this context, R.G. Austin (1963) comments: “‘See’, or ‘Lo!’ in English does not really bring out its force, which is a mixture of exasperation and despair.”)
Multiple Latin names for the letterN,n have been suggested. The most common isen or asyllabicn, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter,nē,ən,nə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters)ιννε(inne).
Arthur E. Gordon,The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 ofUniversity of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
N. Gilojeva; S. Rudakova (2009),Karjalan kielen Livvin murdehen algukursu [Beginners' course of Karelian language's Livvi dialect][18] (in Livvi), Petrozavodsk,→ISBN, page20
Olga Žarinova (2012),Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg,→ISBN, page142
Tatjana Boiko (2019), “ei”, inSuuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition,→ISBN, page38
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
[C]omo hũa moller q̇ iogaua os dadosen pulla lançou hũa pedra aa omagen de ſṫa maṙi[a] poꝛ q̇ perdera ⁊ parou un angeo de pedra que y eſtaua a mão ⁊ reçibiu o colpe.
How a woman who was playing dicein Apulia threw a stone at the statue of Holy Mary because she had lost, and an angel of stone which was there reached out its hand and received the blow.
The forméden is used when the word does not modify a noun directly, but stands in predicate position. When counting or reciting numbers, the feminine forména is normally used (see the number box).
estar sentadoen una mesa/un escritorio/una computadora ―to (be) sit(ting)at a table/a desk/a computer
en esta página ―on this page
en la caja que estáen la mesa ―in the box that'son the table
2024 November 8, Kaitlan Collins, “Batallas desde el patio de Mar-a-Lago: cómo el equipo de Trump compite por los puestos”, inCNN en Español[19]:
Esas conversaciones en voz baja se convirtieron ahora en una auténtica batalla que se desarrolla directamente desde el patio del club Mar-a-Lago de Trumpen Palm Beach, Florida.
Besides being the subject form in some dialects and vernaculars,en is sometimes deliberately used as an alternative subject form of the indefinite pronounman, which is ahomonymousderivative of the nounman ("man"). This development is in some ways parallel to the gender-neutral pronounhen.
en andett are invariable in the singular, as nominativeen konung (a king) and genitiveen konungs (a king's).
Generally, Swedish tends to be a bit more lenient about dropping the indefinite article compared to English. As an example, "Taxar harlångsträckt kropp" (Dachshunds have elongated body) reads well in Swedish, whereas you might rephrase it as "have elongated bodies" in English. This is especially prominent with roles, where you would say "Hon är läkare" (She is doctor), for example – seevara(“be”). "Taxar har en långsträckt kropp" also works, and is something native speakers would say. It just feels slightly less polished in some contexts.
A rule of thumb for simple cases like "hasproperty" ("Han har stor näsa" – "He has a big nose") and "isrole" ("Hon är läkare" – "She is a doctor") might be that the indefinite article can be dropped if someone might quip, "Oh, as opposed to two big noses, doctors, etc.?" (though it doesn't sound that bad). In "Jag såg en bil" (I saw a car), theen is essential information and would never be dropped, though "Jag har bil" (I have car) is idiomatic for owning a car (or several) – perhaps because a single car would normally be implied and the exact number is usually irrelevant.
han in Elof Hellquist,Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Brüch, Josef (1922), “Lateinische Etymologien”, inIndogermanische Forschungen. Zeitschrift für Indogermanistik und allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft[20] (in German), volume40, Berlin und Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co.,pages225–226
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