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elles

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:êllesandellēs

Asturian

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Etymology

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FromLatinillās, accusative feminine plural ofille.

Pronoun

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elles f pl

  1. they (female)

Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLatinillās, accusative feminine plural ofille.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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elles

  1. they (feminine)

See also

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Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subjectweak (direct object)weak (indirect object)possessive
procliticencliticprocliticenclitic
singular1st
person		standardjo,mi3em,m’-me,’mem,m’-me,’mmeu
majestic1nósens-nos,’nsens-nos,’nsnostre
2nd
person		standardtuet,t’-te,’tet,t’-te,’tteu
formal1vósus-vos,-usus-vos,-usvostre
very formal2vostèel,l’-lo,’lli-liseu
3rd
person		mellel,l’-lo,’lli-liseu
fellala,l’4-lali-liseu
nho-holi-liseu
plural
1st personnosaltresens-nos,’nsens-nos,’nsnostre
2nd
person		standardvosaltresus-vos,-usus-vos,-usvostre
formal2vostèsels-los,’lsels-los,’lsseu
3rd
person		mellsels-los,’lsels-los,’lsseu
fellesles-lesels-los,’lsseu
3rd person reflexivesies,s’-se,’ses,s’-se,’sseu
adverbialablative/genitiveen,n’-ne,’n
locativehi-hi

1 Behaves grammatically as plural.  2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition.  4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Danish

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Noun

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elles c

  1. indefinitegenitiveplural ofel

French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Frencheles, fromLatinillās, accusative feminine plural ofille.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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elles f pl (third-person plural,singularelle,accusativeles,dativeleur,emphaticelles,possessive determinerleur)

  1. they (female)
  2. them (female)

Related terms

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French personal pronouns
numberpersongendernominative
(subject)		accusative
(direct complement)		dative
(indirect complement)		locative
(at)		genitive
(of)		disjunctive
(tonic)1		emphatic
reflexive		relativeproximaldistal
singularfirst—je,j’me,m’——moimoi-même—
second—tute,t’——toitoi-même—
thirdmasculineil2le,l’luiyenluilui-mêmeceluicelui-cicelui-là
feminineellela,l’elleelle-mêmecellecelle-cicelle-là
indeterminateon3,l’on (formal),ce4,c’,ça——————cececicela,ça
reflexive—se,s’5——soisoi-même—
pluralfirst—nousnous——nousnous-mêmes—
second6—vousvous——vousvous-mêmes,
vous-même6		—
thirdmasculineils7lesleuryeneux7eux-mêmes7ceuxceux-ciceux-là
feminineelleselleselles-mêmescellescelles-cicelles-là

1 The disjunctive (tonic) forms are also used after an explicit preposition (de/d’,à,pour,chez,dans,vers,sur,sous, ...), instead the accusative, dative, genitive, locative, or reflexive forms, where a preposition is implied.
2Il is also used as an impersonal nominative-only pronoun.
3On can also function as a first person plural (although agreeing with third person singular verb forms).
4 The nominal indeterminate formce (demonstrative) can also be used with the auxiliary verbêtre as a plural, instead of the proximal or distal gendered forms.
5 The reflexive third person singular forms (se ors’) for accusative or dative are also used as third person plural reflexive.
6Vous is also used as the polite singular form, in which case the plural disjunctive tonicvous-mêmes becomes singularvous-même.
7Ils,eux andeux-mêmes are also used when a group has a mixture of masculine and feminine members.

Noun

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elles f

  1. plural ofelle

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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el-(“away, off”) +‎les(“to spy, peep, peek”)

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈɛlːɛʃ]
  • Hyphenation:el‧les
  • Rhymes:-ɛʃ

Verb

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elles

  1. (transitive) tolearn bywatching, toacquire by (close and oftensecret)observation(from someone:-tól/-től)
    • 1862,Imre Madách,The Tragedy of Man,[1] translation by J.C.W. Horne,[2] Iain MacLeod,[3] andGeorge Szirtes,[4] Scene 1:
      Nehány golyóba összevissza gyúrva, / Most vonzza, űzi és taszítja egymást, / Nehány féregben öntudatra kél, / Míg minden megtelt, míg minden kihűlt, / És megmarad a semleges salak. – / Az ember ezt, ha egykorellesi, / Vegykonyhájában szintén megteszi.
      That a few spheres this way or that revolve, / That one attracts another or repels, / That in a few worms dawns a consciousness, / Till all be fulfilled and till all grow cold / And only indistinguishable dust remain? / Why, man too, almost, if he should butlearn, / Might in his kitchen seethe as good a broth
      Meanwhile this matter, kneaded into globes, / unfolds, attracts, repulses, whirls around, / till in some beast a conscious thought is kindled… / Then all fulfilled and all its heat expended, / indifferent, the neutral dust remains. / One day, man may himselfacquire the knack / and plagiarize this crude experiment
      Are now screwed up into these tiny globes / That chase, attract or else repel each other, / Awaking a few worms to consciousness / Till all of space is tilled at last, grows cold, / And only the indifferent slag is left? / If man’s at allobservant he’ll concoct / Some hash like this with his poor instruments.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofelles
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.ellesekelleselellesellesünkellestekellesnek
def.ellesemellesedellesiellessükellesitekellesik
2nd objelleslek
pastindef.ellestemellestélellesettellestünkellestetekellestek
def.ellestemellestedellesteellestükellestétekellesték
2nd objellestelek
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verbfog, e.g.el fog lesni.
archaic
preterite		indef.ellesékellesélelleseellesénkellesétekellesének
def.ellesémellesédelleséellesénkellesétekellesék
2nd objellesélek
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.elles vala,ellesett vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.ellesendekellesendeszellesendellesendünkellesendetekellesendenek
def.ellesendemellesendedellesendiellesendjükellesenditekellesendik
2nd objellesendelek
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.ellesnékellesnélellesneellesnénkellesnétekellesnének
def.ellesnémellesnédellesnéellesnénk
(or ellesnők)		ellesnétekellesnék
2nd objellesnélek
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.ellesett volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.ellessekelless or
ellessél		ellessenellessünkellessetekellessenek
def.ellessemellesd or
ellessed		ellesseellessükellessétekellessék
2nd objellesselek
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.ellesett légyen
infinitiveellesniellesnemellesnedellesnieellesnünkellesnetekellesniük
other
forms		verbal nounpresent part.past part.future part.adverbial participlecausative
ellesésellesőellesettellesendőellesve (ellesvén)elleset
The archaic passive conjugation had the same-(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by-ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional-ik verbs).
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem les el or el is les.
Potential conjugation ofelles
Click for archaic forms1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tiveindica­tivepre­sentindef.elleshetekelleshetszelleshetelleshetünkelleshettekelleshetnek
def.elleshetemelleshetedelleshetielleshetjükelleshetitekelleshetik
2nd objelleshetlek
pastindef.elleshettemelleshettélelleshetettelleshettünkelleshettetekelleshettek
def.elleshettemelleshettedelleshetteelleshettükelleshettétekelleshették
2nd objelleshettelek
archaic
preterite		indef.elleshetékelleshetélellesheteellesheténkelleshetétekelleshetének
def.elleshetémelleshetédelleshetéellesheténkelleshetétekellesheték
2nd objelleshetélek
archaic pastTwo additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed byvala (volt), e.g.elleshet vala,elleshetett vala/volt.
archaic futureindef.elleshetendek
or ellesandhatok		elleshetendesz
or ellesandhatsz		elleshetend
or ellesandhat		elleshetendünk
or ellesandhatunk		elleshetendetek
or ellesandhattok		elleshetendenek
or ellesandhatnak
def.elleshetendem
or ellesandhatom		elleshetended
or ellesandhatod		elleshetendi
or ellesandhatja		elleshetendjük
or ellesandhatjuk		elleshetenditek
or ellesandhatjátok		elleshetendik
or ellesandhatják
2nd objelleshetendelek
or ellesandhatlak
condi­tionalpre­sentindef.elleshetnékelleshetnélelleshetneelleshetnénkelleshetnétekelleshetnének
def.elleshetnémelleshetnédelleshetnéelleshetnénk
(or elleshetnők)		elleshetnétekelleshetnék
2nd objelleshetnélek
pastIndicative past forms followed byvolna, e.g.elleshetett volna
sub­junc­tivesub­junc­tivepre­sentindef.elleshessekelleshess or
elleshessél		elleshessenelleshessünkelleshessetekelleshessenek
def.elleshessemelleshesd or
elleshessed		elleshesseelleshessükelleshessétekelleshessék
2nd objelleshesselek
(archaic) pastIndicative past forms followed bylégyen, e.g.elleshetett légyen
infinitive(elleshetni)(elleshetnem)(elleshetned)(elleshetnie)(elleshetnünk)(elleshetnetek)(elleshetniük)
other
forms		positive adjectivenegative adjectiveadverbial participle
elleshetőelleshetetlen(elleshetve /elleshetvén)
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g.nem leshet el or el is leshet.

Further reading

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  • elles in Géza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
  • elles in Nóra Ittzés, editor,A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031(work in progress; publisheda–ez as of 2024).

Latvian

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Noun

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elles f

  1. inflection ofelle:
    1. genitivesingular
    2. nominative/vocative/accusativeplural

Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishelles, fromProto-West Germanic*alljas.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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elles

  1. else

Adverb

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elles

  1. else

Conjunction

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elles

  1. else

Descendants

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References

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Middle French

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Pronoun

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elles f pl

  1. they (female).
  2. them (female).

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Fromeller(“or”), fromOld Norseella,ellar, fromProto-Germanic*aljaz, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂élyos.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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elles

  1. (conjunctive)else,otherwise
    Det lyt du gjera,elles går dette gale.
    You have to do that,else this will go wrong.

Synonyms

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References

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  • “elles” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.
  • “elles”, inNorsk Ordbok: ordbok over det norske folkemålet og det nynorske skriftmålet, Oslo: Samlaget, 1950-2016
  • “elles” in Ivar Aasen (1873)Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring

Old English

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*alljas

Adverb

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elles

  1. else,otherwise, in anothermanner
    • late 10th century,Ælfric,"The Seven Sleepers"
      ...ac mē tōdæġ swā wundorlīce is ġelumpen þæt ic þurh nān þincg ne mæġ ġecnāwan hwæðer þys sȳ Ephesa byriġ þeelles ǣniġ ōþer;...
      But to-day it has befallen me so wonderfully that I cannot by any means recognise whether this be the city of the Ephesians orelse any other.

References

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Portuguese

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Pronoun

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elles m pl

  1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) ofeles

Noun

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elles m

  1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) ofeles

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • Syllabification:e‧lles

Pronoun

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elles gender-neutral pl

  1. (gender-neutral, neologism)they;agender-neutral plural third-person personal pronoun
    • 2019, Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales,Derechos humanos en la Argentina: Informe 2019, Siglo XXI Editores,→ISBN:
      Elles integraron los organismos junto a activistas que si bien no tenían parientes desaparecides se sumaron por trayectorias militantes y profesionales.
      They were part of the organizations along with activists who, although they had no relatives who had disappeared, joined them through militant and professional trajectories.
  2. plural ofelle

See also

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Spanish personal pronouns
NominativeDisjunctiveDativeAccusativeComitative
First-personSingularyomímeconmigo
PluralMasculine1nosotrosnos—
Femininenosotras
Second-personSingularTuteotútitecontigo
Voseovos—
Formal2Masculine1ustedle,se3lo
Femininela
PluralFamiliar4Masculine1vosotrosos
Femininevosotras
Formal/general2Masculine1ustedesles,se3los
Femininelas
Third-personSingularMasculine1élle,se3lo
Feminineellala
Neuterello5lo
PluralMasculine1ellosles,se3los
Feminineellaslas
Reflexive—síseconsigo
  1. Like other masculine words, masculine pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  2. Treated as if it were third person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity.
  3. Ifle orles precedeslo,la,los, orlas in a clause, it is replaced withse (e.g.se lo dije instead of*le lo dije).
  4. Used primarily in Spain.
  5. Used only in rare circumstances.

Noun

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elles f pl

  1. plural ofelle

Yola

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishelles, fromOld Englishelles, fromProto-West Germanic*alljas.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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elles

  1. else

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page38
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