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e-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "e"
Languages (25)
English
Cayuga • Chuukese • Danish • Finnish • Gabadi • Herero • Isoko • Kwanyama • Latin • Mokilese • Ndonga • Northern Ndebele • Old Irish • Polish • Portuguese • Southern Ndebele • Swedish • Tocharian A • Tooro • Welsh • Xhosa • Ye'kwana • Zou • Zulu
Page categories

English

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Etymology 1

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs
    Proto-Italic*eks
    Latinex
    Latinex-der.
    Englishe-

    FromLatinē-.[1]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Prefix

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    e-

    2. (no longerproductive)Used to formadjectives with the sense of something beingabsent, beingremoved, or movingoutward.
      e.g.eluviation,edentulous,elenge
      Synonym:ex-
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Further reading

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    Etymology 2

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  • Etymology tree
    Ancient Greekἤλεκτρον(ḗlektron)bor.
    Proto-Indo-European*-kos
    Proto-Italic*-kos
    Latin-cus
    Latin-icus
    Englishelectric
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁ey-
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁éyti
    Proto-Hellenic*éimi
    Ancient Greekεἶμι(eîmi)der.
    Englishion
    Englishelectron
    Old French-iquebor.
    Middle English-ik
    English-ic
    Englishelectronic
    Englishe-

    Abbreviation ofelectronic.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Prefix

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    e-

    2. In anelectronic form, especiallycomputerized anddigital; often in association with theInternet.
      Coordinate terms:cyber-,i-
    Usage notes
    [edit]
    • This practice began withE-mail in June 1979. The first usage ofE-mail, according to theOxford English Dictionary, occurred in the journalElectronics with reference to an initiative of theUnited States Postal Service (USPS) calledElectronic Computer Originated Mail, which USPS abbreviatedE-COM. Many terms beginning withe- can be seen in both hyphenated (e.g.e-card) and unhyphenated (e.g.,ecard) form, and sometimes – particularly in a business context – the letter following thee- will be capitalized (e.g.,eBusiness ore-Business). In the present day,e- is generally used to indicate association with or transmission over the Internet. In proper names beginning withe-, the convention is generally to leave thee- lower-case, and to capitalize the second letter of the name (e.g.,eBay). Thee remains then lower-case when the name is used at the beginning of a sentence.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    Translations

    See also

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    Etymology 3

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs
    Proto-Italic*eks
    Latinex
    Latinex-
    Proto-Indo-European*mesg-
    Proto-Indo-European*mésgeti
    Latinmergō
    Proto-Indo-European*-onts
    Latin-ns
    Latin-ēns
    Englishemergency
    Englishe-

    Abbreviation ofemergency.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    e-

    2. Foremergencypurposes.
      e-stop,e-brake
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 4

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  • Etymology tree
    Ancient Greekἤλεκτρον(ḗlektron)bor.
    Proto-Indo-European*-kos
    Proto-Italic*-kos
    Latin-cus
    Latin-icus
    Englishelectric
    Englishe-

    Abbreviation ofelectric orelectrical.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    e-

    2. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.
      1. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant.
    3. Electric.
    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 5

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁en-
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
    Proto-Italic*en
    Old Latinen
    Latinin
    Latinin-
    Old Frenchen-bor.
    Middle Englishen-
    Englishen-
    Proto-Germanic*badją
    Proto-West Germanic*badi
    Old Englishbedd
    Middle Englishbed
    Englishbed
    Englishembed
    Proto-Indo-European*-h₂
    Proto-Indo-European*-éh₂
    Proto-Indo-European*-tós
    Proto-Indo-European*-eh₂tos
    Proto-Germanic*-ōdaz
    Old English-od
    Middle English-ed
    English-ed
    Englishembedded
    Englishe-

    Abbreviation ofembedded.

    Prefix

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    e-

    2. (electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements.
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 6

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs
    Proto-Italic*eks
    Latinex
    Latinex-
    Proto-Indo-European*dewk-
    Proto-Indo-European*déwkti
    Proto-Italic*doukō
    Latindūcō
    Latinēducō
    Proto-Indo-European*-tisder.
    Proto-Italic*-tjō
    Latin-tiō
    Englisheducation
    Proto-Italic*-ālis
    Old French-albor.
    Latin-ālis
    Old French-elbor.
    Middle English-al
    English-al
    Englishe-

    Abbreviation ofeducational.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    e-

    2. educational

    References

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    1. ^“e-,prefix2”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press, January 2018;“e-”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

    Cayuga

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. third personfeminineagent pronominal prefix;she

    References

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    • Marianne Mithun; Reginald Henry (1982),Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published2015, page66

    Chuukese

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.
    2. one

    Danish

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    Etymology

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    FromEnglishe-, abbreviation ofelectronic.

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. electronic; including the hyphen

    Derived terms

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    CategoryDanish terms prefixed with e- (electronic) not found

    Finnish

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    Etymology

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    FromEnglishe-.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. e-(electronic)

    Usage notes

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    The hyphen is kept (not dropped) when this prefix is used.

    Derived terms

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    compounds

    Gabadi

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    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    e-

    2. marks thethird-personsingularsubject on averb
      ‎e- + ‎dibai'u(“to spear me”) → ‎edibai'u(“He speared me”)
      ‎e- + ‎gana(“to go”) → ‎egana(“He/She went”)
      ‎e- + ‎ganava(“to be going”) → ‎eganava(“He/She is going”)

    Derived terms

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    CategoryGabadi terms prefixed with e- not found

    References

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    • Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24).Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [Working paper, draft created November 2013; Editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online:[1]. For the prefixe-, see page 23, section "5.1.1 Subject Marking".

    Herero

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Bantu*ì-(“Class 5 noun prefix”).

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 5 noun prefix.

    References

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    • Wilhelm J.G. Möhlig, Lutz Marten, Jekura U. Kavari (2002),A Grammatical Sketch of Herero (Otjiherero)‎[2], Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, page30

    Isoko

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Prefix for creating nouns.

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Prefix for creating gerunds.

    Kwanyama

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Bantu*ì-(“Class 5 noun prefix”)

    Noun

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    e-

    1. Class 5 noun prefix.

    References

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    Latin

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    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    ē-

    1. alternative form ofex- (combining withb-,d-,g-,j-,l-,m-,n-,r-, andv-initial words)

    Derived terms

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    Mokilese

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. number prefix forone

    Usage notes

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    e- is a numerical prefix, attached to classifiers and other numbers to create various numeral forms and numbers.

    Derived terms

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    Ndonga

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    Etymology

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    Inherited fromProto-Bantu*ì-(“Class 5 noun prefix”).

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 5 noun prefix.

    References

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    • T.E.Tirronen (1986),Ndonga-English Vocabulary‎[3], ELOC Printing Press, page c

    Northern Ndebele

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    Etymology 1

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    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 4 relative concord.

    Etymology 2

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    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 9 relative concord.

    Etymology 3

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    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 9 adjective concord.

    Old Irish

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    Prefix

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    e- (class A infixed pronoun)

    1. alternative form ofa-(“him, it”)

    See also

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    Old Irish affixed pronouns
    SeeAppendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
    Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
    personinfixedsuffixed
    class Aclass Bclass C
    1sgm-Ldom-L,dam-L-um
    2sgt-Ldot-L,dat-L,dut-L,dit-L-ut
    3sgma-N,e-Nd-Nid-N,did-N,d-N-i,-it
    3sgfs-(N)da--us
    3sgna-L,e-Ld-Lid-L,did-L,d-L-i,-it
    1pln-don-,dun-,dan--unn
    2plb-dob-,dub-,dab--uib
    3pls-(N)da--us

    L means this form triggers lenition.
    N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
    (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

    Polish

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    Etymology

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  • Etymology tree
    Ancient Greekἤλεκτρον(ḗlektron)bor.
    Proto-Indo-European*-kos
    Proto-Italic*-kos
    Latin-cus
    Latin-icus
    Englishelectric
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁ey-
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁éyti
    Proto-Hellenic*éimi
    Ancient Greekεἶμι(eîmi)der.
    Englishion
    Englishelectron
    Old French-iquebor.
    Middle English-ik
    English-ic
    Englishelectronic
    Englishe-bor.
    Polishe-

    Borrowed fromEnglishe-.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. e-, as relating to electronics or the internet
      ‎e- + ‎papier → ‎e-papier

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • e- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Portuguese

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. alternative form ofem-used before M and N
    2. alternative form ofex-(outward motion)

    Southern Ndebele

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

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    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 4 relative concord.

    Etymology 2

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    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 9 relative concord.

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. Class 9 adjective concord.

    Swedish

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    Etymology 1

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    FromOld Norseæ, fromProto-Germanic*aiwi(“forever”),Proto-Germanic*aiwaz.

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. prefix that may be used on certain pronouns and adverbs to create "-ever" constructions, most of which are formal or archaic.
      ‎e- + ‎huru(“how”) → ‎ehuru(“although, however”)
      ‎e- + ‎vad(“what”) → ‎evad(“whatever”)
      ‎e- + ‎var(“where”) → ‎evar(“wherever”)
      ‎e- + ‎ho(“who”) → ‎eho(“whoever”)
    Derived terms
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    Related terms
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    Etymology 2

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    FromEnglishe-, shortening ofelectronic.

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. electronic; including the hyphen
    Derived terms
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    Tocharian A

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    Etymology

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    CompareTocharian Bai-.

    Verb

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    e-

    1. togive

    Tooro

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    Alternative forms

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    • (before-a- or subjunctive-e-)y-
    • (before vowels in other cases)ey-

    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    FromProto-Bantu*jɪ̀-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. class 4 pronominal concord
      ‎e- + ‎-nu(“this, these”) → ‎enu(“these (class 4)”)
    2. class 9 pronominal concord
      ‎e- + ‎-nu(“this, these”) → ‎enu(“this (class 9)”)

    Etymology 2

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    FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. they;class 4 subject concord
      ‎e- + ‎-kora(“to do”) → ‎ekora(“they (class 4) do”)
    2. it;class 9 subject concord
      ‎e- + ‎-kora(“to do”) → ‎ekora(“it (class 9) does”)

    See also

    [edit]
    Tooro personal pronouns
    classpersonindependentpossessivesubject
    concord    		object
    concord    		combined forms
    nani
    class 1firstnyowe,nye-angen--n-nanyowe,nanyeninyowe,ninye
    secondiwe-aweo--ku-naiweniiwe
    thirduwe-ea--mu-nawenuwe
    class 2firstitwe-aitutu--tu-naitweniitwe
    secondinywe-anyumu--ba-nainyweniinywe
    thirdbo-aboba--ba-nabonubo
    class 3gwo-agwogu--gu-nagwonugwo
    class 4yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
    class 5lyo-alyoli--li-nalyoniryo
    class 6go-agoga--ga-nagonugo
    class 7kyo-akyoki--ki-nakyonikyo
    class 8byo-abyobi--bi-nabyonibyo
    class 9yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
    class 10zo-azozi--zi-nazonizo
    class 11rwo-arworu--ru-narwonurwo
    class 12ko-akoka--ka-nakonuko
    class 13two-atwotu--tu-natwonutwo
    class 14bwo-abwobu--bu-nabwonubwo
    class 15kwo-akwoku--ku-nakwonukwo
    class 16ho-ahoha--ha-nahonuho
    class 17(kwo)N/Aha-
    (...-yo)    		-ha-N/Anukwo
    class 18(mwo)-amwoha-
    (...-mu)    		-ha-N/Anumwo
    reflexive-enyini,-onyini—-e-—

    References

    [edit]
    • Kaji, Shigeki (2007),A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[4], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA),→ISBN, pages413-414

    Welsh

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Borrowed fromEnglishe-, an abbreviation ofelectronic.

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. e-
      ‎e- + ‎llyfr(“book”) → ‎e-lyfr(“e-book”)
      ‎e- + ‎masnach(“trade, commerce”) → ‎e-fasnach(“e-commerce”)
      ‎e- + ‎post(“post, mail”) → ‎e-bost(“email”)
      ‎e- + ‎dysgu(“to learn”) → ‎e-ddysgu(“e-learning”)
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Prefix

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  • e-
    1. alternative form ofech-(“ex-, out of”)
    Derived terms
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    Mutation

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    Mutated forms ofe-
    radicalsoftnasalh-prothesis
    e-unchangedunchangedhe-

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading

    [edit]
    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “e-”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

    Xhosa

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

    [edit]

    e-

    1. Class 4 relative concord.

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

    [edit]

    e-

    1. Class 9 relative concord.

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

    [edit]

    e-

    1. at,on,in;locative prefix.
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfixe- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 11 noun inu-, it changes toelu-. Also when affixed to a class 10 noun iniin-,iim-,ii-, it also changes toezin-,ezim-,ezi-.

    Ye'kwana

    [edit]
    Variant orthographies
    ALIVe-
    Brazilian standarde-
    New Tribese-

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Perhaps originally related to or a variant form oföt-, which has an allomorphic forme- in some related languages. However, note that intransitive verbs formed withöt- have agent-like arguments, whereas those formed withe- have patient-like arguments.

    Prefix

    [edit]

    e-

    1. converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with a patient-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    Only used with transitive verbs whose root begins with a consonant. A transitive verb that can be converted in such a way will generally have an epenthetici- preceding its root in most conjugated forms, as well as palatalization of its initial consonant.

    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Prefix

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    e-

    1. attaches topossessed nouns beginning withö when thepossessor isfirst- orsecond-person or isindicated by a full noun preceding the possessed noun
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    This prefix takes the place of theö thatintroduces the possessed noun. Its status as a prefix isdebatable; it may rather beanalyzed as anablautphenomenon.

    References

    [edit]
    • Cáceres, Natalia (2011),Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎[5], Lyon, pages70–72, 111, 132–133

    Zou

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    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

    [edit]

    e-

    1. Used to formagent nouns from verbs;-er
      ‎e- + ‎ne(“to eat”) → ‎ene(“eater”)

    Derived terms

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013),A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page81

    Zulu

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    Froma-(“relative”) +‎i-(“class 4”).

    Prefix

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    ḗ-

    1. Class 4 relative concord.

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    Froma-(“relative”) +‎i-(“class 9”).

    Prefix

    [edit]

    ḗ-

    1. Class 9 relative concord.

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundii.

    (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

    Prefix

    [edit]

    e-

    1. at,on,in;locative prefix.
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfixe- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 5 noun beginning inī-, it is lengthened toē-, and when affixed to a class 11 noun inū-, it is lengthened and also changes toō-. It takes on the tone of whichever prefix it replaces.

    References

    [edit]
    • Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=e-&oldid=87284126"
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