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e-

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "e"

English

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Etymology 1

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs
    Proto-Italic*eks
    Latinex
    Latinex-der.
    Englishe-

    FromLatinē-.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    e-

    1. (non-productive)Used to formadjectives with the sense of something beinglacking orremoved.
      e.g.eluviation,edentulous,elenge
      Synonym:ex-

    Further reading

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    Etymology 2

    [edit]
      Etymology tree
      Ancient Greekἤλεκτρον(ḗlektron)bor.
      Proto-Italic*-kos
      Latin-cus
      Latin-icus
      Englishelectric
      Proto-Indo-European*h₁ey-
      Proto-Indo-European*h₁éyti
      Proto-Hellenic*éimi
      Ancient Greekεἶμι(eîmi)der.
      Englishion
      Englishelectron
      Old French-iquebor.
      Middle English-ik
      English-ic
      Englishelectronic
      Englishe-

      Abbreviation ofelectronic.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]

      Prefix

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      e-

      1. In anelectronic form, especiallycomputerized anddigital; often in association with theInternet.
        Coordinate terms:cyber-,i-
      Usage notes
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      This practice began withE-mail in June 1979. The first usage ofE-mail, according to theOxford English Dictionary, occurred in the journalElectronics with reference to an initiative of theUnited States Postal Service (USPS) calledElectronic Computer Originated Mail, which USPS abbreviatedE-COM.

      Many terms beginning withe- can be seen in both hyphenated (e.g.e-card) and unhyphenated (e.g.,ecard) form, and sometimes – particularly in a business context – the letter following thee- will be capitalized (e.g.,eBusiness ore-Business). In the present day,e- is generally used to indicate association with or transmission over the Internet. In proper names beginning withe-, the convention is generally to leave thee- lower-case, and to capitalize the second letter of the name (e.g.,eBay). Thee remains then lower-case when the name is used at the beginning of a sentence.

      Derived terms
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      Translations
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      Translations

      See also

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      Etymology 3

      [edit]
        Etymology tree
        Proto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs
        Proto-Italic*eks
        Latinex
        Latinex-
        Proto-Indo-European*mesg-
        Latinmergō
        Proto-Indo-European*-onts
        Latin-ns
        Latin-ēns
        Englishemergency
        Englishe-

        Abbreviation ofemergency.

        Pronunciation

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        Prefix

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        e-

        1. Foremergencypurposes.
          e-stop,e-brake
        Derived terms
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        Etymology 4

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          Etymology tree
          Ancient Greekἤλεκτρον(ḗlektron)bor.
          Proto-Italic*-kos
          Latin-cus
          Latin-icus
          Englishelectric
          Englishe-

          Abbreviation ofelectric orelectrical.

          Pronunciation

          [edit]

          Prefix

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          e-

          1. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate an electrified or all-electric variant of the product, particularly cars.
            1. (marketing) Used to prefix product names, to indicate a battery-powered or onboard electric power source variant.
          2. Electric.
          Derived terms
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          Etymology 5

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            Etymology tree
            Proto-Indo-European*h₁en-
            Proto-Indo-European*h₁én
            Proto-Italic*en
            Old Latinen
            Latinin
            Latinin-
            Old Frenchen-bor.
            Middle Englishen-
            Englishen-
            Proto-Germanic*badją
            Proto-West Germanic*badi
            Old Englishbedd
            Middle Englishbed
            Englishbed
            Englishembed
            Proto-Germanic*-ōdaz
            Old English-od
            Middle English-ed
            English-ed
            Englishembedded
            Englishe-

            Abbreviation ofembedded.

            Prefix

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            e-

            1. (electronics) Used to prefix items that are embedded into devices, instead of being discrete or removable elements.
            Derived terms
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            Etymology 6

            [edit]
              Etymology tree
              Proto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs
              Proto-Italic*eks
              Latinex
              Latinex-
              Proto-Indo-European*dewk-
              Proto-Indo-European*déwkti
              Proto-Italic*doukō
              Latindūcō
              Latinēducō
              Proto-Indo-European*-tisder.
              Proto-Italic*-tjō
              Latin-tiō
              Englisheducation
              Proto-Italic*-ālis
              Old French-albor.
              Latin-ālis
              Old French-elbor.
              Middle English-al
              English-al
              Englishe-

              Abbreviation ofeducational.

              Pronunciation

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              Prefix

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              e-

              1. educational

              References

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              1. ^e-,prefix2”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, January 2018;e-”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

              Cayuga

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              Prefix

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              e-

              1. third personfeminineagent pronominal prefix;she

              References

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              • Marianne Mithun, Reginald Henry (1982)Wadęwayę́stanih - A Cayuga Teaching Grammar, 3rd edition, Woodland Cultural Centre, published2015, page66

              Chuukese

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              Prefix

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              e-

              1. Third-person singular subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.
              2. one

              Danish

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              Etymology

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              FromEnglishe-, abbreviation ofelectronic.

              Prefix

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              e-

              1. electronic; including the hyphen

              Derived terms

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              CategoryDanish terms prefixed with e- (electronic) not found

              Finnish

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              Etymology

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              FromEnglishe-.

              Pronunciation

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              Prefix

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              e-

              1. e-(electronic)

              Usage notes

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              The hyphen is kept (not dropped) when this prefix is used.

              Derived terms

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              compounds

              Latin

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              Pronunciation

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              Prefix

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              ē-

              1. Alternative form ofex- (combining withb-,d-,g-,j-,l-,m-,n-,r-, andv-initial words).

              Derived terms

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              Mokilese

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              Prefix

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              e-

              1. number prefix forone

              Usage notes

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              e- is a numerical prefix, attached to classifiers and other numbers to create various numeral forms and numbers.

              Derived terms

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              Northern Ndebele

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              Etymology 1

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              (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

              Prefix

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              e-

              1. Class 4 relative concord.

              Etymology 2

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              (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

              Prefix

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              e-

              1. Class 9 relative concord.

              Etymology 3

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              (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

              Prefix

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              e-

              1. Class 9 adjective concord.

              Old Irish

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              Prefix

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              e- (class A infixed pronoun)

              1. Alternative form ofa-(him, it)

              See also

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              Old Irish affixed pronouns
              SeeAppendix:Old Irish affixed pronouns for details on how these forms are used.
              Note that the so-called “infixed” pronouns are technically prefixes, but they are never the first prefix in a verbal complex.
              personinfixedsuffixed
              class Aclass Bclass C
              1sgm-Ldom-L,dam-L-um
              2sgt-Ldot-L,dat-L,dut-L,dit-L-ut
              3sgma-N,e-Nd-Nid-N,did-N,d-N-i,-it
              3sgfs-(N)da--us
              3sgna-L,e-Ld-Lid-L,did-L,d-L-i,-it
              1pln-don-,dun-,dan--unn
              2plb-dob-,dub-,dab--uib
              3pls-(N)da--us

              L means this form triggers lenition.
              N means this form triggers nasalization (eclipsis)
              (N) means this form triggers nasalization in some texts but not in others.

              Polish

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              Etymology

              [edit]
                Etymology tree
                Ancient Greekἤλεκτρον(ḗlektron)bor.
                Proto-Italic*-kos
                Latin-cus
                Latin-icus
                Englishelectric
                Proto-Indo-European*h₁ey-
                Proto-Indo-European*h₁éyti
                Proto-Hellenic*éimi
                Ancient Greekεἶμι(eîmi)der.
                Englishion
                Englishelectron
                Old French-iquebor.
                Middle English-ik
                English-ic
                Englishelectronic
                Englishe-bor.
                Polishe-

                Borrowed fromEnglishe-.

                Pronunciation

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                Prefix

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                e-

                1. e-, as relating to electronics or the internet
                  e- + ‎papier → ‎e-papier

                Derived terms

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                Further reading

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                • e- in Polish dictionaries at PWN

                Portuguese

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                Prefix

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                e-

                1. Alternative form ofem-used before M and N
                2. Alternative form ofex-(outward motion)

                Southern Ndebele

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                Etymology 1

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                (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. Class 4 relative concord.

                Etymology 2

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                (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. Class 9 relative concord.

                Etymology 3

                [edit]

                (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. Class 9 adjective concord.

                Swedish

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                Etymology 1

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                FromOld Norseæ, fromProto-Germanic*aiwi(forever),Proto-Germanic*aiwaz.

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. prefix that may be used on certain pronouns and adverbs to create "-ever" constructions, most of which are formal or archaic.
                  e- + ‎huru(how) → ‎ehuru(although, however)
                  e- + ‎vad(what) → ‎evad(whatever)
                  e- + ‎var(where) → ‎evar(wherever)
                  e- + ‎ho(who) → ‎eho(whoever)
                Derived terms
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                Related terms
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                Etymology 2

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                FromEnglishe-, shortening ofelectronic.

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. electronic; including the hyphen
                Derived terms
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                Tocharian A

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                Etymology

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                CompareTocharian Bai-.

                Verb

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                e-

                1. togive

                Tooro

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                Alternative forms

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                • (before-a- or subjunctive-e-)y-
                • (before vowels in other cases)ey-

                Pronunciation

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                Etymology 1

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                FromProto-Bantu*jɪ̀-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. class 4 pronominal concord
                  e- + ‎-nu(this, these) → ‎enu(these (class 4))
                2. class 9 pronominal concord
                  e- + ‎-nu(this, these) → ‎enu(this (class 9))

                Etymology 2

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                FromProto-Bantu*jɪ́-. Originally the concord of Class 9, it replaced the Class 4 concord as well.

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. they;class 4 subject concord
                  e- + ‎-kora(to do) → ‎ekora(they (class 4) do)
                2. it;class 9 subject concord
                  e- + ‎-kora(to do) → ‎ekora(it (class 9) does)

                See also

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                Tooro personal pronouns
                classpersonindependentpossessivesubject
                concord
                object
                concord
                combined forms
                nani
                class 1firstnyowe,nye-angen--n-nanyowe,nanyeninyowe,ninye
                secondiwe-aweo--ku-naiweniiwe
                thirduwe-ea--mu-nawenuwe
                class 2firstitwe-aitutu--tu-naitweniitwe
                secondinywe-anyumu--ba-nainyweniinywe
                thirdabo-aboba--ba-nabonubo
                class 3gwo-agwogu--gu-nagwonugwo
                class 4yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
                class 5lyo-alyoli--li-nalyoniryo
                class 6go-agoga--ga-nagonugo
                class 7kyo-akyoki--ki-nakyonikyo
                class 8byo-abyobi--bi-nabyonibyo
                class 9yo-ayoe--gi-nayoniyo
                class 10zo-azozi--zi-nazonizo
                class 11rwo-arworu--ru-narwonurwo
                class 12ko-akoka--ka-nakonuko
                class 13two-atwotu--tu-natwonutwo
                class 14bwo-abwobu--bu-nabwonubwo
                class 15kwo-akwoku--ku-nakwonukwo
                class 16ho-ahoha--ha-nahonuho
                class 17(kwo)N/Aha-
                (...-yo)
                -ha-N/Anukwo
                class 18(mwo)-amwoha-
                (...-mu)
                -ha-N/Anumwo
                reflexive-enyini,-onyini-e-

                References

                [edit]
                • Kaji, Shigeki (2007)A Rutooro Vocabulary[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA),→ISBN, pages413-414

                Welsh

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                Etymology

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                FromEnglishe-, an abbreviation ofelectronic.

                Pronunciation

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                Prefix

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                e-

                1. e-
                  e- + ‎llyfr(book) → ‎e-lyfr(e-book)
                  e- + ‎masnach(trade, commerce) → ‎e-fasnach(e-commerce)
                  e- + ‎post(post, mail) → ‎e-bost(email)
                  e- + ‎dysgu(to learn) → ‎e-ddysgu(e-learning)

                Derived terms

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                Mutation

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                Mutated forms ofe-
                radicalsoftnasalh-prothesis
                e-unchangedunchangedhe-

                Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
                All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

                References

                [edit]
                • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “e-”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

                Xhosa

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                Etymology 1

                [edit]

                (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. Class 4 relative concord.

                Etymology 2

                [edit]

                (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

                Prefix

                [edit]

                e-

                1. Class 9 relative concord.

                Etymology 3

                [edit]

                (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. at,on,in;locative prefix.
                Usage notes
                [edit]

                This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfixe- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 11 noun inu-, it changes toelu-. Also when affixed to a class 10 noun iniin-,iim-,ii-, it also changes toezin-,ezim-,ezi-.

                Ye'kwana

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                Variant orthographies
                ALIVe-
                Brazilian standarde-
                New Tribese-

                Pronunciation

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                Etymology 1

                [edit]

                Perhaps originally related to or a variant form oföt-, which has an allmorphic forme- in some related languages. However, note that intransitive verbs formed withöt- have agent-like arguments, whereas those formed withe- have patient-like arguments.

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. converts a transitive verb into an intransitive verb with a patient-like argument, variously with reflexive, reciprocal, or passive meaning
                Usage notes
                [edit]

                Only used with transitive verbs whose root begins with a consonant. A transitive verb that can be converted in such a way will generally have an epenthetici- preceding its root in most conjugated forms, as well as palatalization of its initial consonant.

                Derived terms
                [edit]

                Etymology 2

                [edit]

                Prefix

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                e-

                1. attaches topossessed nouns beginning withö when thepossessor isfirst- orsecond-person or isindicated by a full noun preceding the possessed noun
                Usage notes
                [edit]

                This prefix takes the place of theö thatintroduces the possessed noun. Its status as a prefix isdebatable; it may rather beanalyzed as anablautphenomenon.

                References

                [edit]
                • Cáceres, Natalia (2011)Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[2], Lyon, pages70–72, 111, 132–133

                Zou

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                Pronunciation

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                Prefix

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                e-

                1. Used to formagent nouns from verbs;-er
                  e- + ‎ne(to eat) → ‎ene(eater)

                Derived terms

                [edit]

                References

                [edit]
                • Lukram Himmat Singh (2013)A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page81

                Zulu

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                Etymology 1

                [edit]

                Froma-(relative) +‎i-(class 4).

                Prefix

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                ḗ-

                1. Class 4 relative concord.

                Etymology 2

                [edit]

                Froma-(relative) +‎i-(class 9).

                Prefix

                [edit]

                ḗ-

                1. Class 9 relative concord.

                Etymology 3

                [edit]

                Possibly related to Rwanda-Rundii.

                (Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

                Prefix

                [edit]

                e-

                1. at,on,in;locative prefix.
                Usage notes
                [edit]

                This prefix is used with nouns of all classes except 1(a) and 2(a). Usually, it occurs in the form of the circumfixe- -ini, but certain nouns have only the prefix. When affixed to a class 5 noun beginning inī-, it is lengthened toē-, and when affixed to a class 11 noun inū-, it is lengthened and also changes toō-. It takes on the tone of whichever prefix it replaces.

                References

                [edit]
                Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=e-&oldid=84037422"
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