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dus

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "dus"

Translingual

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Symbol

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dus

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-3language code forDumi.

See also

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Catalan

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Verb

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dus

  1. second-personsingularpresentindicative ofdur

Czech

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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dus

  1. second-personsingularimperative ofdusit

Danish

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Etymology

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From the pronoundu, under the influence of the obsolete verbduse(to address informally), which was borrowed fromGermanduzen.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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dus (uninflected)

  1. (largely historical) in a relationship that would warrant use of the informaldu, as opposed to the formalDe
  2. (by extension)familiar with
    • 2016, Gustav Wied,Livsens ondskab, Lindhardt og Ringhof,→ISBN:
      Men Landbruget? spurgte Degnen, der jo havde væretDus med Vorherre i femogtyve Aar, baade Hellig og Søgn og derfor tog ham med forholdsvis Ro
      But the farming? the deacon asked, who, as is known, has beenintimate with our lord in twenty-five years, on the holidays as on the everydays, and who therefore took him with relative calm
    • 2016, Lars Daneskov,Far på færde, Politikens Forlag,→ISBN:
      Jeg kender mænd, der i perioder har kunnet samtlige tilbud i TV-Shop udenad og væretdus med hovedpersonerne i enhver australsk sitcom sendt på en kabelkanal om natten.
      I know men who, in periods, have known all offers in TV-Shop by rote and beenhighly familiar with the protagonists in each Australian sitcom sent on a cable-channel in the night.
    • 1982,Det Danske bogmarked:
      De fleste af vore seriøse forlag er eller har været mere enddus med begrebet.
      Most of our serious publishers are or have been more thanfamiliar with the concept.
    • 2011, Jesper Kaae,Gratis CMS med Joomla (2. udg), Libris Media A/S,→ISBN, page81:
      Og faktisk skal du også helst væredus med et billedredigeringsprogram som f. eks. Photoshop.
      And in fact, you should, preferably, befamiliar with an image editor like Photoshop.

Usage notes

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The formalDe is all but abandoned outside of certain very impersonal contexts, and usingdu is never rude.

Adverb

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dus

  1. in the phrasedrikke dus, "to introduce an informal relationship".

Coordinate terms

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchdos,dus, fromOld Dutchthus, fromProto-West Germanic*þus.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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dus

  1. so,therefore,thus,ergo

Usage notes

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Dus is an unusual adverb in that it does not trigger mandatory inversion when it is placed at the front of a clause, instead inversion is optional:dus zij is beter anddus is zij beter are both correct as fronted variants ofzij is dus beter.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Afrikaans:dus
  • Indonesian:dus
  • Sranan Tongo:dùs
    • Caribbean Javanese:dhes

Fala

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Galician-Portuguesedos, equivalent tode(of) +‎us(masculine plural definite article).

Alternative forms

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Contraction

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dus pl (singulardu,feminineda,feminine pluraldas)

  1. (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu)ofthe

Etymology 2

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Numeral

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dus f (masculinedois)

  1. (Lagarteiru)Apocopic form ofdúas(two)
Usage notes
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  • In Lagarteiru, this apocopic form is used in place ofdúas when preceding a feminine plural noun as part of a noun phrase.

References

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  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021)Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published2022,→ISBN
  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021)Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[2], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published2022,→ISBN

French

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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dus

  1. first/second-personsingular past historic ofdevoir

Participle

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dus pl

  1. masculineplural of

Anagrams

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German

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /duːs/
  • Hyphenation:dus

Contraction

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dus

  1. Contraction ofdues.
    • 1843,Brothers Grimm, “Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich”, inKinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 1[3], 5th edition, pages3–4:
      „Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf, weißt du nicht was gestern du zu mir gesagt bei dem kühlen Brunnenwasser? Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf.“ Da sagte der König „hastdus versprochen, so mußtdus auch halten; geh nur und mach ihm auf.“
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Guinea-Bissau Creole cardinal numbers
 <  123  > 
   Cardinal :dus

Etymology

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FromPortuguesedois. Cognate withKabuverdianudos.

Numeral

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dus

  1. two (2)

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromDutchdoos.Doublet ofdosis.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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dus

  1. box(a cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container)
    Synonym:kardus

Etymology 2

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FromDutchdus(thus).

Particle

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dus

  1. (old-fashioned, now rare)thus,so

Etymology 3

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FromDutchdouche.Doublet ofdouche.

Noun

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dus

  1. (colloquial, rare)shower(a device for bathing by which water is made to fall on the body from a height)

Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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dus

  1. Romanization ofꦢꦸꦱ꧀

Latvian

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Verb

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dus

  1. third-personsingular/pluralpresentindicative ofdusēt
  2. (with the particlelai)third-personsingularimperative ofdusēt
  3. (with the particlelai)third-personpluralimperative ofdusēt

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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FromOld Dutchthus, fromProto-Germanic*þus.

Adverb

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dus

  1. thus, inthisway
  2. therefore

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Miskito

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Noun

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dus

  1. tree

Norman

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Verb

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dus

  1. first-personsingularpreterite ofd'ver

Northern Sami

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Pronunciation

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  • (Kautokeino)IPA(key): /ˈtuːs/

Pronoun

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dūs

  1. locative ofdon

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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Fromdu(you (singular)), influenced bydus(Etymology 2).

Adjective

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dus (singular and pluraldus)

  1. having sufficientlack offormaldistance(of interpersonal relationships)
    1. (originally) Being on terms where one may address each other with the 2nd person pronoundu, as opposed to the historically more formalDe.
    2. Familiar,intimate
    3. Informal

Antonyms

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Old French

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Noun

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dus m

  1. inflection ofduc:
    1. obliqueplural
    2. nominativesingular

Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*ziuq(bathe), fromProto-Austronesian*diRus(bathe).Doublet ofdyus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dus

  1. bath

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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  • "dus" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson,Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Pali

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Etymology

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Inherited fromSanskritदुष्(duṣ).

Root

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dus (Pali namedusa)

  1. to bebad, to vex[1]

Derived terms

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Verbs
Nouns

References

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  1. ^Charles Duroiselle (1921)A Practical Grammar of the Pali Language (overall work in English), Rangoon, section 374:dus, to vex. √dus+ya (76, i)=dussa.

Romanian

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Etymology

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Past participle ofduce.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dus n (uncountable)

  1. departure

Declension

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Declension ofdus
singular onlyindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativedusdusul
genitive-dativedusdusului
vocativedusule

Adjective

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dus m orn (feminine singulardusă,masculine pluralduși,feminine and neuter pluralduse)

  1. someone who hasleft and will not come back
  2. dead
  3. absent-minded
  4. crazy

Declension

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Declension ofdus
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominative-
accusative
indefinitedusdusădușiduse
definitedusuldusadușiidusele
genitive-
dative
indefinitedusdusedușiduse
definitedusuluiduseidușilorduselor

Verb

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dus (past participle ofduce)

  1. pastparticiple ofduce

Romansch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinduōs, masculine accusative ofduo.

Numeral

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dus m (feminineduas)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran)two

Usage notes

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Only Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, and Sutsilvan have a separate feminine form; in Surmiran,dus isepicene.

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