Movatterモバイル変換

Of abrownishgreycolour.
- c.1606 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene v],page134, column 2, lines48–49:
  Come, thick Night,
  And pall thee in thedunneſt ſmoake of Hell,
  That my keene Knife ſee not the Wound it makes,
  Nor Heauen peepe through the Blanket of the darke,
  To cry, hold, hold.
- 1609,William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 130”, inShake-speares Sonnets. […]‎^[1], London: ByG[eorge] Eld forT[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold byWilliam Aspley,→OCLC:
  My Miſtres eyes are nothing like the Sunne,
  Currall is farre more red, then her lips red,
  If ſnow be white, why then her breſts aredun:
  If hairs bewiers, black wiers grow on her head: [...]
- 1827, [John Keble], “Twenty-third Sunday after Trinity”, inThe Christian Year: Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holydays throughout the Year, volume II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] [B]y W. Baxter, for J. Parker; andC[harles] and J[ohn] Rivington, […],→OCLC,page85:
  Red o'er the forest glows the setting sun, / The line of yellow light dies fast away / That crown'd the eastern copse, and chill anddun / Falls on the moor the brief November day.
- 2007 September 25,Bungie,Halo 3,Microsoft Game Studios,Xbox 360, level/area:Terminal One (Legendary):
  Where is the nobility in these streets paved with greasy carbon anddun ash?

Translations

[edit]

of a brownish grey colour

Bulgarian:сиво-кафяв(sivo-kafjav)
Chinese:
Mandarin:暗褐色的(ànhèsède)
Czech:šedohnědý,plavý (cs)(horse)
Dutch:grijsbruin (nl)
Finnish:harmaanruskea (fi)
French:brun gris
Georgian:მონაცრისფრო-ყვითელი(monacrispro-q̇viteli)
German:graubraun (de),falb(of horses)
Hungarian:fakó (hu),ordas (hu)
Indonesian:turangga (id)
Irish:riabhach
Italian:grigio brunastro (it) m
Norwegian:gråbrun
Polish:płowy (pl) m,bułany (pl)(horse coat color)
Portuguese:pardo (pt)
Russian:серова́то-кори́чневый (ru)(serováto-koríčnevyj)
Scottish Gaelic:odhar
Spanish:pardo (es)
Swedish:gråbrun (sv)
Turkish:boz (tr)
Ottoman Turkish:قولا(kula)

Derived terms

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Unknown; perhaps a variant ofdin. Several sources suggest origin fromJoe Dun, the name of a bailiff known for arresting debtors, but this is controversial.

Noun

[edit]

dun (pluralduns)

(countable) A collector ofdebts, especially one who isinsistent anddemanding.
- 1837,L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon],Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London:Henry Colburn, […],→OCLC,pages162–163:
  "The truth is, Mr. Curl, I cannot write when I am plagued about trifles; and a tiresomedun this morning put to flight every idea that I had in the world."
  "Mr. Maynard," said the bookseller, in a solemn tone, "it is very wrong to run in debt."
- 1889 [1712], John Arbuthnot,The History of John Bull, London: Cassell & Co.,→OCLC, page71:
  Look ye, gentlemen, I have lived with credit in the world, and it grieves my heart never to stir out of my doors but to be pulled by the sleeve by some rascallydun or other.
- 1933 January 9,George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter XVIII, inDown and Out in Paris and London, London:Victor Gollancz […],→OCLC:
  Melancholyduns came looking for him at all hours.
- 1970,John Glassco,Memoirs of Montparnasse, New York, published2007, page102:
  ‘Frank's worried aboutduns,’ she said as the butler went away.
An urgent request or demand of payment.
- 1842, A.B.G., “Errata”, inEvangelical Magazine and Gospel Advocate, volume13,→OCLC, page251:
  Miss Hoppin received adun for volume 9 1840–1 which Mr. James McConnell, (who now pays the above) is sure was paid.

Derived terms

[edit]

dun letter

Translations

[edit]

a collector of debts

Czech:vymahač m
Finnish:perijä (fi),velkoja (fi)

Verb

[edit]

dun (third-person singular simple presentduns,present participledunning,simple past and past participledunned)

(transitive) To ask or beset a debtor for payment.
- 1768,Jonathan Swift,The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, London: C. Bathurst,→OCLC, Miscellanies in Verse, page309:
  And hath she sent so soon todun?
- 1749,Henry Fielding,The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume(please specify |volume=I to VI), London:A[ndrew] Millar, […],→OCLC:
  Folio Society 1973, p. 577:
  Of all he had received from Lady Bellaston, not above five guineas remained and that very morning he had beendunned by a tradesman for twice that sum.
(transitive) To harass by continually repeating e.g. a request.
- 1940,Raymond Chandler,Farewell, My Lovely, Penguin, published2010, page107:
  Rich bitches who had to bedunned for their milk bills would pay him right now.

Translations

[edit]

to ask for payment

Czech:upomínat impf,urgovat (cs) impf,vymáhat zaplacení
Dutch:afpersen (nl)
Finnish:periä (fi),velkoa (fi),karhuta (fi)
Japanese:借金の催促 (ja)(しゃっきんのさいそく, shakkin no saisoku)
Portuguese:cobrar (pt)

to harass by continually repeating a request

Finnish:tivata (fi),perätä (fi)
Polish:przymawiać się impf,przymówić się pf

Etymology 3

[edit]

Uncertain; likely from the color.

Noun

[edit]

dun (pluralduns)

(countable) A newly hatched, immaturemayfly; a mayflysubimago.
- 1966, John Harris,An Angler's Entomology, New York: Barnes,→OCLC, page16:
  Also,duns are dull and generally sober colored, whilst spinners are more brightly colored and shining and their wings are clear and transparent.
(countable, fishing) Afly made to resemble the mayfly subimago.
- 1676, Charles Cotton,The Compleat Angler. Being Instructions how to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream, London: Richard Marriott, and Henry Brome,→OCLC, March, page59:
  We have besides for this Month a littleDun call'd a whirling Dun (though it is not the whirling Dun indeed, which is one of the best Flies we have) and for this the dubbing must be of the bottom fur of a Squirrels tail and the wing of the grey feather of a Drake.

Synonyms

[edit]

subimago

Translations

[edit]

immature mayfly

Finnish:esiaikuinen,subimago

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

dun

Wikipedia

dun (pluralduns)

An ancient or medieval fortification;especially ahill-fort in Scotland or Ireland.
- 1858, Henry MacLauchlan,Memoir written during a survey of the Roman Wall, through the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland, in the years 1852-1854, London: Printed for private circulation,→OCLC, page 9:
  Pampedun, or Pandon, was probably a place of residence from the earliest times; its sheltered situation for boats, and proximity to the ancient way over the river, protected perhaps by adun orcamp, on the height above [...] possibly gave origin to the ancient name of the place, Pampedun, from the Britishpant, ahollow, anddun, afort orcamp,Pant-y-dun.
(archaeology) A structure in the Orkney or Shetland islands or in Scotland consisting of aroundhouse surrounded by a circular wall; abroch.
- 2013, T.J. Clarkson,The Makers of Scotland: Picts, Romans, Gaels and Vikings, Edinburgh: Birlinn,→ISBN:
  Smaller than the broch was thedun, another type of stone-built 'roundhouse'.

Etymology 5

[edit]

Seedo.

Verb

[edit]

dun

(nonstandard, informal)Eye dialect spelling ofdone:past participle ofdo.
Now, yadun it!
- 1895 May, S.L.N. Foote, “Correspondence”, inInternational Journal of Medicine and Surgery‎^[2], volume 8, retrieved 2016–10–13, page194:
  ...a wise old lady exclaimed, "Why Mrs. M. warn't you orful skeerd wunst when you seed a dog fight? [...] an that ere big yaller dog bit orf your baby's hand that minit; in cors hedun it, so now that settles it."
- 2001 April 1, Robert Frost,Poems by Robert Frost: A Boy's Will and North of Boston‎^[3], Penguin,→ISBN,→OCLC:
  “Oh, Because I want their dollar.
  I don't want Anything they've not got. I neverdun.
  I'm there, and they can pay me if they like.
  I go nowhere on purpose: I happen by.
  Sorry there is no cup to give you a drink.[…]
(nonstandard, informal)Pronunciation spelling ofdon't:contraction ofdo +‎not.
- 1901,Gilbert Parker,The Right of Way, New York and London: Harper,→OCLC:
  Fwhere's he come from, Idun'no'. French or English, Idun'no'. But a gintleman born, I know.

Etymology 6

[edit]

Likely from the color of fish so prepared.

Verb

[edit]

dun (third-person singular simple presentduns,present participledunning,simple past and past participledunned)

(transitive, dated) Tocure, ascodfish, by laying them, aftersalting, in a pile in a dark place, covered withsaltgrass or a similar substance.
- 1832, James Thacher,History of Plymouth; from its first settlement in 1620, to the year 1832, Boston: Marsh, Capen & Lyon,→OCLC, page317:
  Dun-fish are of a superior quality for the table, and are cured in such a manner as to give them a dun or brownish color. Fish fordunning are caught early in spring, and sometimes February, at the Isle of Shoals.

Etymology 7

[edit]

Seedune.

Noun

[edit]

dun (pluralduns)

Amound or smallhill.

Etymology 8

[edit]

Imitative.

Interjection

[edit]

dun

Imitating a deep bass note, such as that found in suspenseful music.
- 2009, Carrie Tucker,I Love Geeks: The Official Handbook, Avon, Massachusetts: Adams Media,→ISBN:
  How wouldyou deal with that power? (Dun, dun, DUN! Insert dramatic music here.)
- 2015, Lisa Dombrowski,The Films of Samuel Fuller: If You Die, I’ll Kill You, page113:
  Dun, dun! Dun, dun! As the music continues, the long shot of Griff's walk is broken down into repeating tight shots of his face, his legs, and his shifting point of view of Brockie.
- 2016, Helen Russell,Leap Year: How small steps can make a giant difference:
  'DUN DUN DUN DUN-DUN-DUN-DUN! DUN DUN DUN DUNDUN-DUN-DUN... PRESSURE!' By 2.05 a.m. I am Very Awake Indeed and the catastrophising continues.
- 2020, Spencer Hamilton,The Fear: A Pandemic Horror Novel:
  Whenever that iconic riff in the score cued up—Dun dun ... dun dun ... dun dun dun dun dun-dun-dun-dun ... —Jack's heart would race, and she'd feel the fear on her skin.

Derived terms

[edit]

dun dun dun

Etymology 9

[edit]

Borrowed fromHindustaniदून(dūn) /دُون(dūn). False cognate ofdun (sense 4) /doon, anddun (sense 7) /dune

Noun

[edit]

dun (pluralduns)

Alternative form ofdhoon(“Himalayan valley”).

References

[edit]

“dun”, inWebster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913,→OCLC.

Anagrams

[edit]

DNU,und

Antigua and Barbuda Creole English

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

dun

done

Asturian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLatindum.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈdun/[ˈd̪ũŋ]
Rhymes:-uŋ
Hyphenation:dun

Adverb

[edit]

dun

(literary or archaic)while
Synonyms:mentes,demientres,mentanto
- 1861, José Sánchez de Santa María,Evanxeliu según San Mateu (translation of the Gospel of Matthew):
  dun estás con elli entovía nel camin [...] Entanto llegó Xesús con illos á un caseríu llamáu Xesmaní, y díxoyos: Asentáivos aquí,dun vo yo allí, y fago oracion.
  while you are still with him on the road [...] Meanwhile, Jesus arrived with them to a homstead called Gethsemane, and he told them: Sit down here,while I go there and pray.

Contraction

[edit]

dun m (feminineduna,neuterduno,masculine pluraldunos,feminine pluraldunes)

(obsolete)ofa (modernd'un)
- 1843, Juan Junquera Huergo,Llos Trabayos de Chinticu:
  Demposdun bon rellatu
  After(of) a good story

References

[edit]

Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), “dun”, inDiccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana,→ISBN

Bambara

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [dũ˦]

Verb

[edit]

dun

toeat

References

[edit]

2007.The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Basque

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /dun/[d̪ũn]
Rhymes:-un
Hyphenation:dun

Etymology 1

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

dun

familiar second-person singular feminine, withthird-person singular direct object,present indicative ofizan(“to have”,transitive auxiliary)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

dun

feminine allocutive ofda(third-person singular,present indicative ofizan(“to be”,intransitive auxiliary))

Danish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsedúnn(“down”). Related todyne.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /duːn/,[d̥uːˀn]

Noun

[edit]

dun n (singular definitedunet,plural indefinitedun)

down (soft, immature feathers)

Inflection

[edit]

Declension ofdun
neuter gender	singular		plural
neuter gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	dun	dunet	dun	dunene
genitive	duns	dunets	duns	dunenes

Dutch

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /dʏn/
Audio: (file)
Hyphenation:dun
Rhymes:-ʏn
Homophone:Dun

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Dutchdunne, fromOld Dutch*thunni, fromProto-West Germanic*þunnī, fromProto-Germanic*þunnuz. Cognate with Englishthin (Compare West-Flemish thinne).

Adjective

[edit]

dun (comparativedunner,superlativedunst)

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofdun
uninflected	dun
inflected	dunne
comparative	dunner
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		dun	dunner	hetdunst hetdunste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	dunne	dunnere	dunste
	n. sing.	dun	dunner	dunste
	plural	dunne	dunnere	dunste
definite		dunne	dunnere	dunste
partitive		duns	dunners	—

Antonyms

[edit]

dicht,dik

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Afrikaans:dun
Berbice Creole Dutch:doni
Negerhollands:dun,din
→ Aukan:deni,doin

Etymology 2

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

[edit]

dun

inflection ofdunnen:
1. first-person singular present indicative
2. (in case ofinversion)second-person singular present indicative
3. imperative

Galician

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Fromde(“of”) +un(“masculine singular indefinite article”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈduŋ/[ˈd̪uŋ]
Rhymes:-uŋ
Hyphenation:dun

Contraction

[edit]

dun m (femininedunha,masculine pluralduns,feminine pluraldunhas)

contraction ofde(“from/of”) +‎un m(“a”)

German

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

duhn

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromLow Germanduun.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /duːn/
Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Adjective

[edit]

dun (strong nominative masculine singularduner,comparativeduner,superlativeam dunsten)

(colloquial, chiefly Northern Germany)drunk
- 1998, “Du (äh, Du)”, inPower, performed by Fischmob:
  Ich wardun die Nacht
  Und hatte mit chemischen Drogen aus Amerika herumexperimentiert
  Bis ich das Bewußtsein verlor
  I wasdrunk that night / and had experimented with synthetic drugs from America / until I lost consciousness

Declension

[edit]

Positive forms ofdun

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istdun	sie istdun	es istdun	sie sinddun
strong declension (without article)	nominative	duner	dune	dunes	dune
	genitive	dunen	duner	dunen	duner
	dative	dunem	duner	dunem	dunen
	accusative	dunen	dune	dunes	dune
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derdune	diedune	dasdune	diedunen
	genitive	desdunen	derdunen	desdunen	derdunen
	dative	demdunen	derdunen	demdunen	dendunen
	accusative	dendunen	diedune	dasdune	diedunen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	einduner	einedune	eindunes	(keine)dunen
	genitive	einesdunen	einerdunen	einesdunen	(keiner)dunen
	dative	einemdunen	einerdunen	einemdunen	(keinen)dunen
	accusative	einendunen	einedune	eindunes	(keine)dunen

Comparative forms ofdun

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istduner	sie istduner	es istduner	sie sindduner
strong declension (without article)	nominative	dunerer	dunere	duneres	dunere
	genitive	duneren	dunerer	duneren	dunerer
	dative	dunerem	dunerer	dunerem	duneren
	accusative	duneren	dunere	duneres	dunere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derdunere	diedunere	dasdunere	dieduneren
	genitive	desduneren	derduneren	desduneren	derduneren
	dative	demduneren	derduneren	demduneren	denduneren
	accusative	denduneren	diedunere	dasdunere	dieduneren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	eindunerer	einedunere	einduneres	(keine)duneren
	genitive	einesduneren	einerduneren	einesduneren	(keiner)duneren
	dative	einemduneren	einerduneren	einemduneren	(keinen)duneren
	accusative	einenduneren	einedunere	einduneres	(keine)duneren

Superlative forms ofdun

number & gender		singular			plural
number & gender		masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
predicative		er istam dunsten	sie istam dunsten	es istam dunsten	sie sindam dunsten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	dunster	dunste	dunstes	dunste
	genitive	dunsten	dunster	dunsten	dunster
	dative	dunstem	dunster	dunstem	dunsten
	accusative	dunsten	dunste	dunstes	dunste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	derdunste	diedunste	dasdunste	diedunsten
	genitive	desdunsten	derdunsten	desdunsten	derdunsten
	dative	demdunsten	derdunsten	demdunsten	dendunsten
	accusative	dendunsten	diedunste	dasdunste	diedunsten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	eindunster	einedunste	eindunstes	(keine)dunsten
	genitive	einesdunsten	einerdunsten	einesdunsten	(keiner)dunsten
	dative	einemdunsten	einerdunsten	einemdunsten	(keinen)dunsten
	accusative	einendunsten	einedunste	eindunstes	(keine)dunsten

Hunsrik

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromCentral Franconiandun, fromMiddle High Germanduon, fromOld High Germanduon, fromProto-West Germanic*dōn, fromProto-Germanic*dōną, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*dʰeh₁-.^[1]

Cognate withGermantun,Kölschdunn andLuxembourgishdoen.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈtuːn/,/ˈtoːn/
Rhymes:-uːn,-oːn
Syllabification:dun

Verb

[edit]

dun

(auxiliary)will; to begoing to;forms the future tense [withinfinitive]
Ichdun das mache.
Iwill do that.
(auxiliary) tobe;forms the progressive aspect[withinfinitive]
Wasdun-se mache.
Whatare they doing.
(transitive) toput, toplace, toadd[withaccusative]
Synonym:stelle
Du mol en bissje Eis in de Suco.
Put some ice in the juice.
(intransitive) todo[withaccusative]
Heit hon-ich nichs sedun.
I have nothing todo today.

Conjugation

[edit]

Irregular with conditional mood
	present indicative	conditional	imperative
infinitive	dun
participle	gedun
auxiliary	hon

ich	dun	däd	—
du	dust	däst	du
er/sie/es	dud	däd	—
meer	dun	däde	—
deer	dud	däd	dud
sie	dun	däde	—

The present participle is uncommonly used,
but can be made with the suffix-end.

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

^Boll, Piter Kehoma (2021), “dun”, inDicionário Hunsriqueano Riograndense–Português, 3rd edition (overall work in Portuguese), Ivoti:Riograndenser Hunsrickisch,page39, column 2

Kiput

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-North Sarawak*daqun, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*dahun (compareMalaydaun).

Noun

[edit]

dun

leaf

Mandarin

[edit]

Romanization

[edit]

dun

nonstandard spelling ofdūn
nonstandard spelling ofdǔn
nonstandard spelling ofdùn

Usage notes

[edit]

Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle English

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

dun

alternative form ofdoun

Preposition

[edit]

dun

alternative form ofdoun

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]

NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:

dun

Wikipedia^no

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsedúnn.

Noun

[edit]

dun f or m (definite singulardunaordunen,indefinite pluralduner,definite pluraldunene)
dun n (definite singulardunet,indefinite pluraldun,definite pluraldunaordunene)

down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

References

[edit]

“dun” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.
“dun” inDet Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]

Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:

dun

Wikipediaⁿⁿ

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsedúnn m.

Noun

[edit]

dun f or n (definite singulardunaordunet,indefinite pluraldunerordun,definite pluralduneneorduna)

down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

References

[edit]

“dun” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*dūnu,*dūnā(“sand dune”), possibly fromProto-Germanic*dūnaz(“heap, pile”), fromProto-Indo-European*dʰewh₂-(“to smoke, fume, raise dust”); or alternatively a late borrowing fromProto-Celtic*dūnom from the same Proto-Indo-European source.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /duːn/

Noun

[edit]

dūn f

hill,mountain
- Old English Heptateuch,Genesis 22:2
  "Nim þīnne āncennedan sunu Īsaac, þe þū lufast, and far tō þām landeVisionis hraþe, and ġeoffra hine þǣr uppan ānredūne."
  "Take your only-begotten son Isaac, whom you love, and quickly go to the land ofVisionis, and sacrifice him there upon amountain."

Declension

[edit]

Strongō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	dūn	dūna,dūne
accusative	dūne	dūna,dūne
genitive	dūne	dūna
dative	dūne	dūnum

Derived terms

[edit]

Abban dūn(“Abingdon”)
Dūnhām(“Durholm”)
Dūnholm(“Durham”)
Dūnstān(a male given name)
Dūnweald(a male given name)
Ellendūn(“Allington”)
Eþandūn(“Edington”)
Henġestdūn
Hreopadūn(“Repton”)
Huntandūn(“Huntington”)
Mældūn(“Maldon”)
ofdūne

Descendants

[edit]

Middle English:doun,doune
- English:down
- Scots:doun,down

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /dun/

Adjective

[edit]

dun

alternative form ofdunn

Old French

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLatindonum.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /dun/

Noun

[edit]

dunoblique singular, m (oblique pluralduns,nominative singularduns,nominative pluraldun)

(Anglo-Norman)alternative form ofdon
- c.1150, Turoldus,La Chanson de Roland:
  E tute Espaigne tendrat par vostredun
  And all of Spain he will hold as your gift

Old Irish

[edit]

Article

[edit]

dun

alternative form ofdon(“to/for the”)

Noun

[edit]

dun

alternative spelling ofdún(“fort(ress)”)

Pronoun

[edit]

dun

alternative spelling ofdúnn(“to/for us”)

Sranan Tongo

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Probably fromEwedūn(“stare, unmoving gaze”).^[1]

Ideophone

[edit]

dun

Signifiesastonishment,bewilderment,stupefaction

Derived terms

[edit]

dundun

References

[edit]

^Norval Smith (2009), “A preliminary list of probable Gbe lexical items in the Surinam Creoles”, inP. Muysken, N. Smith, editors,Surviving the Middle Passage: The West Africa-Surinam Sprachbund, Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton,→ISBN, page466.

Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norsedúnn(“down”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /dʉːn/

Noun

[edit]

dun n

down(soft, fine fluffy feathers)

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofdun
		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	dun	duns
singular	definite	dunet	dunets
plural	indefinite	dun	duns
plural	definite	dunen	dunens

Related terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

dun inSvenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Volapük

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Blend ofEnglishdo andGermantun(“to do”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /dun/

Noun

[edit]

dun (genitiveduna,pluralduns)

deed,action,act,doing
Synonym:dunam

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofdun
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	dun	duns
Genitive	duna	dunas
Dative	dune	dunes
Accusative	duni	dunis
Predicative¹	dunu	dunus
Vocative	odun	o duns

Introduced inVolapük Nulik.

Derived terms

[edit]

dunam(“act”)
dunön(“to do”)

Welsh

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

(North Wales)IPA^(key): /dɨ̞n/
(South Wales)IPA^(key): /dɪn/

Noun

[edit]

dun

soft mutation oftun(“tin”)

Mutation

[edit]

Mutated forms oftun
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tun	dun	nhun	thun

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Wolof

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

dun (definite formdunbi)

island

Yoruba

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Cognates includeItsekiriyọ̀n,Olukumiyọ̀n,Ifèɖɔ̃̀. Likely from the same root asyọ̀n and the /y/ alternatives.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /dũ̀/

Verb

[edit]

dùn

to besweet, to bepleasant

Usage notes

[edit]

it induces a high tone syllable when followed by another verb, becomingdùn-ún and subcategorizes an embedded clause.

Synonyms

[edit]

Yoruba varieties and languages:dùn(“to besweet”)
view map;edit data
Language family	Variety group	Variety/language	Subdialect	Location	Words
Proto-Itsekiri-SEY	Southeast Yoruba	Ào		Ìdóàní	yàn
		Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)		Ìdànrè (Ùdànè, Ùdànrè)	yùn
		Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú	Ìjẹ̀bú Òde	yùn
			Rẹ́mọ	Ẹ̀pẹ́	yùn
				Ìkòròdú	yùn
				Ṣágámù	yùn
		Ìkálẹ̀ (Ùkálẹ̀)		Òkìtìpupa	yọ̀n
		Ìlàjẹ (Ùlàjẹ)		Mahin	yọ̀n
		Oǹdó		Oǹdó	yọ̀n
		Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)		Ọ̀wọ̀ (Ọ̀ghọ̀)	yọ̀n
	Ìtsẹkírì			Ìwẹrẹ	yọ̀n
	Olùkùmi			Ugbódù	yọ̀n
Proto-Yoruba	Central Yoruba	Èkìtì	Èkìtì	Àdó Èkìtì	yụ̀n,dụ̀n
			Àkúrẹ́	Àkúrẹ́	yụ̀n,dụ̀n
			Mọ̀bà	Ọ̀tùn Èkìtì	yụ̀n,dụ̀n
	Northwest Yoruba	Àwórì		Èbúté Mẹ́tà	dùn
		Èkó		Èkó	dùn
		Ìbàdàn		Ìbàdàn	dùn
		Ìlọrin		Ìlọrin	dùn
		Oǹkó		Òtù	dọ̀n
				Ìwéré Ilé	dọ̀n
				Òkèhò	dùn
				Ìsẹ́yìn	dọ̀n
				Ṣakí	dọ̀n
				Tedé	dùn
				Ìgbẹ́tì	dùn
		Ọ̀yọ́		Ọ̀yọ́	dùn
		StandardYorùbá		Nàìjíríà	dùn
		StandardYorùbá		Bɛ̀nɛ̀	dùn
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Ìyàgbà		Ìsánlú Ìtẹ̀dó	dùn
	Northeast Yoruba/Okun	Owé		Kabba	dùn
	Ede languages/Southwest Yoruba	Ifɛ̀		Akpáré	ɖɔ̃̀
				Atakpamɛ	ɖɔ̃̀
				Tchetti (Tsɛti, Cɛti)	ɖɔ̃̀
Note: This amalgamation of terms comes from a number of different academic papers focused on the unique varieties and languages spoken in the Yoruboid dialectal continuum which extends from eastern Togo to southern Nigeria. The terms for spoken varieties, now deemed dialects of Yorùbá in Nigeria (i.e. Southeast Yorùbá, Northwest Yorùbá, Central Yorùbá, and Northeast Yorùbá), have converged with those of Standard Yorùbá leading to the creation of what can be labeled Common Yorùbá (Funṣọ Akere, 1977). It can be assumed that the Standard Yorùbá term can also be used in most Nigerian varieties alongside native terms, especially amongst younger speakers. This does not apply to the other Nigerian Yoruboid languages of Ìṣẹkírì and Olùkùmi, nor the Èdè Languages of Benin and Togo.