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dromedary

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 1 July 2020

Etymology

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A dromedary (Camelus dromedarius)

FromMiddle Englishdromedari,dromedarie(“dromedary; any camel”) [and other forms],[1] fromOld Frenchdromedaire, fromLate Latindromedārius(“kind of camel”), fromLatin*dromadārius, fromdromas,dromadis(“dromedary”) +-ārius(suffix formingnouns denoting agents of use).Dromas anddromadis are derived fromAncient Greekδρομᾰ́ς(dromắs,“running; dromedary”), anellipsis ofδρομὰςκάμηλος(dromàs kámēlos,“running camel”),[2] fromδρόμος(drómos,“race, running; race course, track”), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*drem-(“to run”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dromedary (pluraldromedaries)

  1. Thesingle-humpedcamel (Camelus dromedarius).
    Synonyms:Arabian camel,dromedarian,dromedary camel,Somali camel
    • [c.1400, Edmund Brock, editor,Morte Arthure, or The Death of Arthur: Edited fromRobert Thornton’sMS. […], new edition (in Middle English), London: Published for theEarly English Text Society, byN[icholas] Trübner & Co., […], published1871,page87, lines2940–2941:
      The duke in his schelde and dreches no lengere, / Drawes hym adromedarie, with dredfulle knyghtez; [...]
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)]
    • 1630,John Taylor, “Taylors Pastorall, being Both Historicall and Satyricall. […]”, inAll the Workes of Iohn Taylor the Water-poet. […], London: […] Iames Boler; […],→OCLC, page52; republished inThe Works of John Taylor the Water Poet […] (Publications of the Spenser Society;no. 2),[Manchester]: […] Spenser Society,1868,→OCLC,page536, column 2:
      TheDromedarie, Camell, Horſe, and Aſſe, / For loade and carriage doth a Sheepe ſurpaſſe: [...]
    • 1650,Edward Leigh, “Δρόμος [Drómos]”, inCritica Sacra in Two Parts: The First Containing Observations on All the Radices, or Primitive Hebrevv Words of the Old Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […] The Second Philologicall and Theologicall Observations upon All the Greek Words of the New Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […], 3rd edition, London: […] Thomas Underhill […],→OCLC,page74, column 2:
      [T]heDromedarie [...] who is marvellous ſwift, and will run an hundred miles in a day; but the Germanes call a dull and ſlow man aDromedary, [...]
    • 1651 February 3 (Gregorian calendar),John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 24 January 1651]”, inWilliam Bray, editor,Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London:Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published1819,→OCLC,page249:
      I went to see aDromedarie, a very monstrous beaste, much like the Camel but larger.
    • 1694,[Thomas] d’Urfey,The Comical History of Don Quixote. […], part I, London: […] Samuel Briscoe, […],→OCLC, Act I, scene ii,page 6:
      Oh, thouDromedary, thou Founder'd Mule, without a Pack-ſaddle; or what other foul Beaſt ſhall I call thee, for Man thou art not, nor haſt not been to me, Heaven knows the time when? Art not thou aſham'd to ſee me, thou Nincompoop?
    • 1765,[Simon Berington],The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di Lucca. […], Glasgow: […] James Knox, […],→OCLC,page66:
      Here we alighted, drank ourſelves, and gave ourdromedaries to drink as much as they would; then we filled all our veſſels, made on purpoſe for carriage, and took in a much greater proportion of water than we had done proviſions.
    • 1791,Oliver Goldsmith, “The Camel, and the Dromedary”, inAn History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume IV, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr.[John] Nourse, […],→OCLC,page280:
      [T]he camel has two bunches upon his back, whereas thedromedary has but one; the latter alſo, is neither ſo large, nor ſo ſtrong, as the camel. Theſe two races, however, produce with each other, and the mixed breed formed between them is conſidered the beſt, the moſt patient, and the moſt indefatigable of all the kind.
  2. Anyswiftriding camel.
    • 1560, [William Whittinghamet al., transl.],The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (theGeneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall,→OCLC,Ieremiáh II:23,folio 306, verso:
      [T]hou art like a ſwiftdromedarie, that runneth by his wayes.
      Thou art like a swift dromedary, that runs in his ways.
  3. (medicine, dated, attributively)Referring to abiphasicclinicalcourse ofpoliomyelitis, typically occurring inchildren, characterized by aminorillness, followed by anasymptomaticperiod of several days before theonset of amajorillness involving thecentral nervous system.
    • 1917 April 21, George Draper, “Acute Poliomyelitis: Early Diagnosis and Serum Therapy”, inThe Journal of the American Medical Association, volume68, number16, Chicago, Ill.,→DOI, page1153:
      The untreated cases have been arranged in three groups according to the clinical course. The first group, called thedromedary group, shows the curious phenomenon of two different periods of illness with an interval of well-being.[…] Because of the two distinct groups or humps of symptoms, the analogy to the arrangement of the dromedary’s back was taken to express the type figuratively.

Usage notes

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The dromedary was formerly known by a number of differentbinomial names:

  • Camelus aegyptiacusFriedrich August Rudolph Kolenati, 1847
  • Camelus africanusGloger, 1841
  • Camelus arabicusCharles Desmoulins, 1823
  • Camelus dromasPeter Simon Pallas, 1811
  • Camelus dromosKerr, 1792
  • Camelus ferusFalk,1786
  • Camelus lukiusKolenati, 1847
  • Camelus polytrichusKolenati, 1847
  • Camelus turcomanichusJohann Fischer von Waldheim, 1829
  • Camelus vulgarisKolenati, 1847

Alternative forms

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Hypernyms

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Coordinate terms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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single-humped camel

See also

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References

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  1. ^“dromedārī(e,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  2. ^“dromedary,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press,1897;“dromedary,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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