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drift

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Drift

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishdrift,dryft(act of driving, drove, shower of rain or snow, impulse), fromOld English*drift(drift), fromProto-Germanic*driftiz(drift), fromProto-Indo-European*dʰreybʰ-(to drive, push). Equivalent todrive +‎-t; cognate withNorth Frisiandrift(drift),Saterland FrisianDrift(current, flow, stream, drift),Dutchdrift(drift, passion, urge),GermanDrift(drift) andTrift(drove, pasture),Danishdrift(impulse, instinct),Swedishdrift(impulse, instinct),Icelandicdrift(drift, snow-drift).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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drift (countable anduncountable,pluraldrifts)

  1. (physical)Movement; that which moves or is moved.
    1. Anything driven atrandom.
    2. A mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc., especially by wind or water.
      adrift of snow, of ice, of sand, of plants, etc.
      • 1725,Homer, “Book VIII”, in [William Broome], transl.,The Odyssey of Homer. [], volume II, London: [] Bernard Lintot,→OCLC:
        Drifts of rising dust involve the sky.
      • 1855,Elisha Kent Kane,Arctic explorations: The second Grinnell expedition in search of Sir John Franklin:
        We[] got the brig a good bed in the rushingdrift [of ice].
      • 2012, David L. Culp,The Layered Garden: Design Lessons for Year-Round Beauty from Brandywine Cottage, Timber Press, page168:
        Many of these ground-layer plants were placed in naturalisticdrifts to make it appear as if they were sowing themselves.
      • 2023 November 29, Paul Clifton, “West is best in the Highlands”, inRAIL, number997, page39:
        "During the winter, we get really bad snow conditions. We can go to eight inches of snow above the railhead, then the trains are stopped. It's usually more like four inches, but you get bigdrifts up towards Rannoch.
    3. Thedistance through which acurrent flows in a given time.
    4. Adrove orflock, as ofcattle,sheep,birds.
      • 1655, Thomas Fuller,The History of theUniversity of Cambridge, since the Conquest,[London]:[[] Iohn Williams []],→OCLC:
        cattle coming over the bridge (with their greatdrifts doing much damage to the high ways)
    5. Acollection of loose earth and rocks, orboulders, which have been distributed over large portions of the earth'ssurface, especially in latitudes north of forty degrees, by the retreat ofcontinental glaciers, such as that which buries former river valleys and creates young river valleys.
      • 1867, E. Andrews, "Observations on the Glacial Drift beneath the bed of Lake Michigan,"American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. 43, nos. 127-129,page 75:
        It is there seen that at a distance from the valleys of streams, the old glacialdrift usually comes to the surface, and often rises into considerable eminences.
    6. Driftwood included inflotsam washed up onto thebeach.
    7. (obsolete) A driving; a violent movement.
      • 1332, author unknown,King Alisaunder:
        The dragon drew him [self] away withdrift of his wings.
    8. Course ordirection along which anything is driven; setting.
      • 1589,Richard Hakluyt,The Principall Navigations, Voiages, and Discoveries of the English Nation, [], London: [] George Bishop and Ralph Newberie, deputies toChristopher Barker, [],→OCLC:
        Ourdrift was south.
    9. That which is driven, forced, or urged along.
      • 1892,James Yoxall, chapter 5, inThe Lonely Pyramid:
        The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom.[]Drifts of yellow vapour, fiery, parching, stinging, filled the air.
  2. The act ormotion of drifting; theforce whichimpels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse.
    • 1678,Robert South,Prevention of Sin an unvaluable Mercy, sermon preached at Christ-Church, Oxon on November 10, 1678
      A bad man, being under thedrift of any passion, will follow the impulse of it till something interpose.
  3. A place (aford) along a river where the water is shallow enough to permit crossing to the opposite side.
  4. Thetendency of anact,argument,course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended;intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.
  5. (architecture) Thehorizontalthrust orpressure of anarch orvault upon theabutments.[1]
  6. (handiwork) A tool.
    1. A slightly taperedtool of steel for enlarging or shaping ahole in metal, by being forced or driven into or through it; abroach.
    2. A tool used to pack down the composition contained in arocket, or likefirework.
    3. A tool used to insert or extract a removable pin made of metal or hardwood, for the purpose of aligning and/or securing two pieces of material together.
  7. A deviation from the line of fire, peculiar toobloidprojectiles.
  8. (uncountable) Minor deviation of audio or video playback from its correct speed.
    • 1975,Broadcast Management/engineering, volume11:
      Reference sync servo system — permits minimal time-base error, assuring minimum jitter anddrift.
  9. (uncountable, film) The situation where aperformer gradually and unintentionally moves from their proper location within thescene.
    • 1970, Michael Pate,The Film Actor: Acting for Motion Pictures and Television, page64:
      There is another form ofdrift when playing in a scene with other actors.
  10. (mining)
    1. (mining) A passage driven or cut betweenshaft and shaft; adriftway; a smallsubterraneangallery.
    2. (mining) Anadit ortunnel driven forward for purposes of exploration or exploitation; generally eventually to adead end.
    3. (mining) A sloping winze or road to the surface, for purposes of haulage.
    4. (mining) In a coal mine, a heading driven for exploration or ventilation.
    5. (mining) Of a boring or a driven tunnel: deviation from the intended course.
    6. (mining) A heading driven through a seam of coal.
  11. (nautical) Movement.
    1. Theangle which the line of a ship's motion makes with themeridian, in drifting.
    2. The distance a vessel is carried off from her desiredcourse by the wind, currents, or other causes.
    3. The place in a deep-waisted vessel where thesheer is raised and the rail is cut off, and usually terminated with ascroll, ordriftpiece.
    4. The distance between the two blocks of atackle.
    5. The difference between the size of abolt and the hole into which it is driven, or between thecircumference of ahoop and that of the mast on which it is to be driven.
  12. (cricket) Asideways movement of theball through the air, when bowled by aspin bowler.
    Synonym:swerve
  13. Slow, cumulative change.
    geneticdrift
  14. InNew Forest National Park, UK, the bi-annual round-up of wild ponies in order to be sold.

Derived terms

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Translations

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act or motion of drifting
shallow place in a riverseeford
course or direction along which anything is driven; setting
the tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention
that which is driven, forced, or urged along
anything driven at random
mass of matter which has been driven or forced onward together in a body, or thrown together in a heap, etc.
drove or flock
horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments
collection of loose earth and rocks, or boulders, which have been distributed over large portions of the earth's surface
slightly tapered tool of steel for enlarging or shaping a hole in metal
tool used in driving down compactly the composition contained in a rocket, or like firework
deviation from the line of fire, peculiar to obloid projectiles
passage driven or cut between shaft and shaft; a driftway; a small subterranean gallery; an adit or tunnel
distance through which a current flows in a given time
angle which the line of a ship's motion makes with the meridian, in drifting
distance to which a vessel is carried off from her desired course by the wind, currents, or other causes
place in a deep-waisted vessel where the sheer is raised and the rail is cut off
distance between the two blocks of a tackle
difference between the size of a bolt and the hole into which it is driven
sideways movement of the ball through the air, when bowled by a spin bowler
driftwood included in flotsam washed up onto the beach
slow, cumulative change
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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drift (third-person singular simple presentdrifts,present participledrifting,simple past and past participledrifted)

  1. (intransitive) To move slowly, especially pushed bycurrents of water, air, etc.
    The boatdrifted away from the shore.
    The balloon wasdrifting in the breeze.
  2. (intransitive) To movehaphazardly without any destination.
    Hedrifted from town to town, never settling down.
  3. (intransitive) To deviate gently from the intended direction of travel.
    This car tends todrift left at high speeds.
    • 2011 January 15, Saj Chowdhury, “Man City 4-3 Wolves”, inBBC:
      Midway through the half, Argentine Tevez did begin todrift inside in order to exert his influence but by this stage Mick McCarthy's side had gone 1-0 up and looked comfortable.
  4. (transitive) To drive or carry, as currents do a floating body.
    • 1865-1866,John Henry Newman,Apologia Pro Vita Sua
      I wasdrifted back first to the ante - Nicene history , and then to the Church of Alexandria
  5. (transitive) To drive into heaps.
    A current of winddrifts snow or sand
  6. (intransitive) Toaccumulate inheaps by the force of wind; to be driven into heaps.
    Snow or sanddrifts.
  7. (mining, US) To make a drift; to examine a vein or ledge for the purpose of ascertaining the presence of metals or ores; to follow a vein; toprospect.
  8. (transitive, engineering) Toenlarge orshape, as a hole, with a drift.
  9. (automotive) Tooversteer avehicle, causing loss oftraction, while maintaining control from entry to exit of acorner. SeeDrifting (motorsport).

Derived terms

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Translations

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to move slowly, pushed by currents of water, air, etc
to move haphazardly without any destination
to deviate gently from the intended direction of travel
to drive or carry, as currents do a floating body
to drive into heaps
to accumulate in heaps by the force of wind
to make a drift; to examine a vein
to enlarge or shape, as a hole, with a drift
to oversteer a vehicle, causing loss of traction

References

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  1. ^1876,Edward H. Knight,American Mechanical Dictionary

Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedrift, fromProto-Germanic*driftiz, cognate withSwedishdrift,Englishdrift,GermanTrift,Dutchdrift. Derived form the verb*drībaną(to drive).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /dreft/,[ˈd̥ʁæfd̥]

Noun

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drift c (singular definitedriften,plural indefinitedrifter)

  1. (uncountable)operation,running(of a company, a service or a mashine)
  2. (uncountable)service(of public transport)
  3. (psychology)drive,urge,desire
  4. (uncountable)drift(slow movement in the water or the air)
  5. drove(driven animals)

Derived terms

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References

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Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchdrift, alsodricht, fromOld Dutch*drift, fromProto-West Germanic*drifti, fromProto-Germanic*driftiz. Equivalent todrijven(to drive) +‎-t(verbal noun).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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drift f (pluraldriften)

  1. passion
  2. strong and sudden upwelling of anger: afit
  3. urge, strongdesire
  4. violent tendency
  5. flock (of sheep or oxen)
  6. deviation of direction caused by wind:drift
  7. path along which cattle are driven

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Icelandic

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedript.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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drift f (genitive singulardriftar,nominative pluraldriftir)

  1. snowdrift
    Synonym:drífa

Declension

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Declension ofdrift (feminine)
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativedriftdriftindriftirdriftirnar
accusativedriftdriftinadriftirdriftirnar
dativedriftdriftinnidriftumdriftunum
genitivedriftardriftarinnardriftadriftanna

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedrift.

Noun

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drift f orm (definite singulardriftaordriften,indefinite pluraldrifter,definite pluraldriftene)

  1. operation (av / of)

Derived terms

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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedrift.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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drift f (definite singulardrifta,indefinite pluraldrifter,definite pluraldriftene)

  1. operation (av / of)
  2. drift (being carried by currents)
  3. drive (motivation)

Derived terms

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References

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Swedish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsedript, fromProto-Germanic*driftiz.

Noun

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drift c

  1. drift (uncontrolled movement)
    snödrift
    snowdrift
    Båten var pådrift
    The boat wasadrift ("on drift")
  2. urge,instinct
    sexuelladrifter
    sexualurges
  3. operation,management (singular only)
    De ansvarar fördriften av fabriken
    They are responsible forthe operation of the factory
  4. running (of machinery or the like)
    Maskinen blir mycket varm underdrift
    The machine gets very hot whilerunning
  5. making fun of, having fun at the expense of (someone or something – comparedriva)
    Deras ständigadrift med henne
    Their constantmaking fun of her ("drift with her")

Declension

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Declension ofdrift
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitedriftdrifts
definitedriftendriftens
pluralindefinitedrifterdrifters
definitedrifternadrifternas

Derived terms

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References

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