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dress

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:DressandDreß

English

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WOTD – 19 August 2022

Etymology

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PIE word
*dwís

Theverb is fromMiddle Englishdressen,dresse(to arrange, put in order),[1] fromAnglo-Norman,Old Frenchdresser,drecier (modernFrenchdresser), fromLate Latin*directiare, fromLatindīrēctus,[2] theperfectpassiveparticiple ofdīrigō(to arrange in lines, direct, steer), fromdis-(prefix meaning ‘apart; asunder; in two’) +regō(to govern, manage), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₃reǵ-(straight, right).Doublet ofdirect.

Thenoun is derived from the verb.[3]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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dress (third-person singular simple presentdresses,present participledressing,simple pastdressed,past participledressedor(obsolete)drest)

  1. (transitive)
    1. (also reflexive and figuratively) Toputclothes (or, formerly,armour) on (oneself or someone, adoll, amannequin, etc.); toclothe.[from 15th c.]
      Synonyms:attire,don;see alsoThesaurus:clothe
      Antonyms:strip,undress;see alsoThesaurus:undress
      He wasdressed in the latest fashions.
      • 1606 (date written), [Francis Beaumont;John Fletcher],The Woman Hater. [], London: [] [Robert Raworth], and are to be sold by John Hodgets [], published1607,→OCLC,Act III, scene iv:
        O rich! rich! vvhere ſhould I get clothes todreſſe her in?
      • 1640 (date written),H[enry] M[ore], “ΨΥΧΟΖΩΙΑ[Psychozōia], or A Christiano-platonicall Display of Life, []”, inΨΥΧΩΔΙΑ[Psychōdia] Platonica: Or A Platonicall Song of the Soul, [], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: [] Roger Daniel, printer to theUniversitie, published1642,→OCLC, book 3, stanza 56,page51:
        Their face with love and vigour vvasydreſt, / VVith modeſty and joy, their tongue with juſt beheſt.
      • 1897 December (indicated as1898),Winston Churchill, chapter II, inThe Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.:The Macmillan Company; London:Macmillan & Co., Ltd.,→OCLC,page15:
        Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He wasdressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.
      • 1963,Margery Allingham, “Justifiably Angry Young Men”, inThe China Governess: A Mystery, London:Chatto & Windus,→OCLC,page93:
        I remember a lady coming to inspect St. Mary's Home where I was brought up and seeing us all in our lovely Elizabethan uniforms we were so proud of, and bursting into tears all over us because "it was wicked todress us like charity children". We nearly crowned her we were so offended.
      1. (specifically) Toattire (oneself or someone) for aparticular (especiallyformal)occasion, or in afashionablemanner.
        • c.1580 (date written), Philippe Sidnei [i.e.,Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville;Matthew Gwinne;John Florio], editors,The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: [] [John Windet] forWilliam Ponsonbie, published1590,→OCLC:
          [A]ll the men there shouldedresse themselves like the poorest sorte of the people inArcadia, having no banners, but bloudie shirtes hanged upon long staves,[]
        • 1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym;Robert Burton], “Artificiall Allurements of Loue, Causes and Provocations to Lust. Gestures, Cloathes, Dowre &c.”, inThe Anatomy of Melancholy: [], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: [] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps,→OCLC, partition 3, section 2, member 2, subsection 3,page376:
          []Anthony [i.e.,Mark Antony] himſelfe was quite beſotted withCleopatra’s ſweete ſpeeches, philters, beauty, pleaſing tires: for when ſhe ſailed along the riuerCydnus, with ſuch incredible pompe in a guilded ſhip, her ſelfedreſſed likeVenus, her maides like theGraces, her Pages like ſo manyCupids,Anthony was amazed, & rapt beyond himſelfe.
        • 1667 April 4 (date written; Gregorian calendar),Samuel Pepys,Mynors Bright, transcriber, “March 25th, 1667 (Lady day)”, inHenry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor,The Diary of Samuel Pepys [], volume VI, London:George Bell & Sons []; Cambridge:Deighton Bell & Co., published1895,→OCLC,page238:
          [H]e and I[] to the King's playhouse; and by and by comes Mr. Lowther and his wife and mine, and into a box, forsooth, neither of them beingdressed, which I was almost ashamed of.
        • 1696 November (first performance), [John Vanbrugh],The Relapse; or, Virtue in Danger: [],[London]: [] Samuel Briscoe [], published1697,→OCLC, Act II, scene i,page29:
          Naw if I find 'tis a good day, I reſalve to take a turn in the Park, and ſee the Fine Women: So huddle on my Cloaths, and getdreſt by One.
        • 1711 March 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison;Richard Steeleet al.], “FRIDAY, March 2, 1710–1711”, inThe Spectator, number 2; republished inAlexander Chalmers, editor,The Spectator; a New Edition, [], volume I, New York, N.Y.:D[aniel] Appleton & Company,1853,→OCLC,page88:
          [B]eing ill-used by the above-mentioned widow, he was very serious for a year and a half; and though, his temper being naturally jovial, he at last got over it, he grew careless of himself, and neverdressed afterwards.
          The spelling has been modernized.
        • 1749,Henry Fielding, “The History Draws Nearer to a Conclusion”, inThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, volume VI, London:A[ndrew] Millar, [],→OCLC, book XVIII,page279:
          [T]he Hour appointed by Mr.Weſtern now drew ſo near, that he had barely Time left todreſs himſelf.
        • 1760,Oliver Goldsmith, “Letter XIV. From the Same[From Lien Chi Altangi, to Fum Hoam, First President of the Ceremonial Academy at Pekin, in China].”, inThe Citizen of the World; or Letters from a Chinese Philosopher, [], volume I, London: [] [F]or the author; and sold by J. Newbery and W. Bristow, []; J. Leake and W. Frederick, []; B. Collins, []; and A. M. Smart and Co. [], published1762,→OCLC,pages48–49:
          As I wasdreſſed after the faſhion of Europe, ſhe had taken me for an Engliſhman, and conſequently ſaluted me in her ordinary manner; but when the footman informed her grace that I was the gentleman from China, ſhe inſtantly lifted herſelf from the couch, while her eyes ſparkled with unuſual vivacity.
    2. Todesign,make,provide, orselect clothes (for someone).
      The fashion designer was proud to havedressed the queen for the charity event.
    3. Toarrange orstyle (someone'shair).
      • 1610,William Camden, “Romans in Britaine”, inPhilémon Holland, transl.,Britain, or A Chorographicall Description of the Most Flourishing Kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, [], London: [] [Eliot’s Court Press for] Georgii Bishop & Ioannis Norton,→OCLC,page61:
        [Domitian] after his manner, with a cheerfull countenance and grieved heart, received the newes: being inwardly pricked, to think that his later counterfet triumph of Germany, wherin certain ſlaves bought for mony were attired and their hairedreſſed as captives of that country, was had in deriſion and iuſtly skorned abroad:[]
      • 1663 July 23 (date written; Gregorian calendar),Samuel Pepys,Mynors Bright, transcriber, “July 13th, 1663”, inHenry B[enjamin] Wheatley, editor,The Diary of Samuel Pepys [], volume III, London:George Bell & Sons []; Cambridge:Deighton Bell & Co., published1893,→OCLC,page208:
        By and by the King and Queen, who looked in this dress (a white laced waistcoat and a crimson short pettycoat, and her hairdressedà la negligence) mighty pretty; and the King rode hand in hand with her.
    4. (also figuratively) Toadorn orornament (something).[from 15th c.]
      It was time todress the windows for Christmas again.
      1. To arrange adisplay ofgoods in, or todecorate (ashop orshop window).
      2. (nautical) To ornament (aship) byhoisting thenationalcolours at thepeak andmastheads, andsetting thejackforward; when "dressed full", thesignalflags andpennants are added.
    5. Toapply adressing to or otherwisetreat (awound);(obsolete) togive (awoundedperson)medicalaid.[from 15th c.]
      Synonyms:bandage,put abandage on
    6. Tofit orprepare (something) foruse; torender (something)suitable for anintendedpurpose; toget ready.
      1. To prepare, treat, orcurry (animalhide orleather).
        • 1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e.,Conrad Gessner],Edward Topsell, “Of the Dogge”, inThe Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. [], London: [] William Iaggard,→OCLC,page143:
          The ſkinnes of Dogges aredreſſed for gloues, and cloſe Bootes, the vvhich are vſed by ſuch as haue vicerous and ſvvelling Legges or Limbes, for by them the aflicted place receiueth a double reliefe; firſt, it reſiſteth the influent humors, and ſecondly, it is not exaſperated with VVoollen.
        • 1791,James Boswell, “[1776]”, in James Boswell, editor,The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. [], volume II, London: [] Henry Baldwin, forCharles Dilly, [],→OCLC,page35:
          Very little buſineſs appeared to be going forward in Lichfield. I found however two ſtrange manufactures for ſo inland a place, ſail-cloth and ſtreamers for ſhips; and I obſerved them making ſome ſaddle-cloths, anddreſſing ſheepſkins; but upon the whole, the buſy hand of induſtry ſeemed to be quite ſlackened.
        • 1912 January,Zane Grey, “Silver Spruce and Aspens”, inRiders of the Purple Sage [], New York, N.Y., London:Harper & Brothers Publishers,→OCLC,page115:
          He skinned the rabbits, and gave the dogs the one they had quarreled over, and the skin of this hedressed and hung up to dry, feeling that he would like to keep it. It was a particularly rich, furry pelt with a beautiful white tail.
      2. (especially ofores) To prepare by any of many types of physicalprocessing (e.g., breaking, crushing, sorting, sieving, controlled burning or heating).
        Hyponym:rag
        in mining and metallurgy, todress ores by sorting and separating them
      3. To prepare thesurface of (amaterial, such aslumber orstone; agrindstone orgrinding wheel).
        Hyponym:rag
      4. (historical or England, regional) Toremovechaff orimpurities from (flour,grain, etc.) bybolting orsifting,winnowing, and othermethods.
      5. (fishing) To prepare (anartificialfly) to beattached to afish hook.
    7. (agriculture, horticulture) Tocultivate ortend to (agarden,land,plants, etc.); especially, toaddfertilizer ormanure to (soil); tofertilize, tomanure.
    8. (butchering) Tocut up (an animal or itsflesh) for food.
      Hyponyms:dress out,field dress
      • December 2020, Tim Folger, “North America’s most valuable resource is at risk”, inNational Geographic Magazine[1]:
        But as hedressed the carcass—cutting it up to bring home—Borg’s gratitude gave way to revulsion. When he tried to extract the liver, which should have been firm and meaty, it deliquesced into a bloody sludge, sliding goopily through his fingers.
    9. (cooking) To prepare (food) forcooking oreating, especially byseasoning it; specifically, to add adressing orsauce (to food, especially asalad).[from 15th c.]
    10. (film, television, theater)
      1. To design, make, orpreparecostumes (for aplay or otherperformance); also, topresent (aproduction) in a particular costumestyle.
      2. To prepare (aset) byinstalling theprops,scenery, etc.
        • 2012, Marvin Silbersher, chapter 22, inA Fistful of Stars,[Bloomington, Ind.]:Xlibris,→ISBN,page106:
          Mallory, all night long, single-handedly painted anddressed the set so that at eight o'clock Sunday morning when we arrived to make breakfast in the kitchen, there she was sound asleep on the davenport in the set, every prop in place.
    11. (military) To arrange (soldiers ortroops) intoproperformation; especially, toadjust (soldiers or troops) intostraight lines and at a properdistance from each other; toalign.
      todress the ranks
    12. (Northern England, archaic) To treat (someone) in a particular manner; specifically, in anappropriate orfitting manner;(by extension, ironic) to give (someone) adeservedbeating; also, to give (someone) agoodscolding; todress down.
      • c.1603–1604 (date written),William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene i]:
        [...] I say, bid come before vs Angelo:
        What figure of vs thinke you, he will beare.
        For you must know, we haue with speciall soule
        Elected him our absence to supply;
        Lent him our terror,drest him with our loue,
        And giuen his Deputation all the Organs
        Of our owne powre: What thinke you of it?
    13. (obsolete) Tobreak in andtrain (ahorse or other animal) for use.
  2. (reflexive, intransitive, obsolete) To prepare (oneself); to makeready.[14th–16th c.]
    • [1470–1485 (date produced),Thomas Malory, “Capitulum xviij”, in[Le Morte Darthur], book IV (in Middle English), [London: [] byWilliam Caxton], published31 July 1485,→OCLC, leaf 222, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor,Le Morte Darthur [], London:David Nutt, [],1889,→OCLC,page142, lines19–21:
      [S]yr Gawayns ſpere brak ⸝ but ſir marhaus ſpere helde ⸝ And therwith ſyre Gawayne and his hors ruſſhed doune to the erthe ⸝ And lyghtly ſyre Gawayne roſe on his feet ⸝ and pulled out his ſwerd ⸝ anddreſſyd hym toward syr Marhaus on foote ⸝[]
      SirGawain's spear broke, but Sir Marhaus's [i.e., Morholt of Ireland's] spear held; and therewith Sir Gawain and his horse rushed down to the earth, and lightly Sir Gawain rose on his feet, and pulled out his sword, anddressed [prepared] himself toward Sir Marhaus on foot, []]
  3. (intransitive)
    1. To put on clothes.
      Synonym:get dressed
      Antonyms:disrobe,getundressed,strip,undress
      I rose anddressed before daybreak.    It’s very cold out.Dress warm.
      1. (specifically) To attire oneself for a particular (especially formal) occasion, or in a fashionable manner.
        They returned home early todress for dinner.
    2. Of a thing: toattain a certaincondition afterundergoing someprocess ortreatment to fit or prepare it for use.
    3. (euphemistic, chiefly in thetailoring context) To allow one'spenis tofall to oneside or the other within one'strousers.[from 20th c.]
      While measuring him for his trousers, the tailor asked him if hedressed to the left or the right.
    4. (slang)Ellipsis ofcross-dress.
    5. (butchering) Of an animal carcass: to have a certainquantity orweight afterremoval of the internal organs andskin; also, to have a certainappearance after being cut up and prepared for cooking.
    6. (military, sometimes imperative as adrillcommand) Of soldiers or troops: to arrange into proper formation; especially, toform into straight lines and at a proper distance from each other.
      Right,dress!
      (literally, “Form a straight line, and align yourself to the right!”)
    7. (sports) Of asportsperson: toput on theuniform and have theequipmentneeded toplay asport.
      Due to a left ankle sprain, the basketball player did notdress for the game against Indiana.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofdress
infinitive(to)dress
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingulardressdressed
2nd-personsingular
3rd-personsingulardresses
pluraldress
subjunctivedressdressed
imperativedress
participlesdressingdressed,drest

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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to put clothes on (oneself or someone, etc.)see alsoclothe
to put on clothessee alsoget dressed
to attire (oneself or someone) for a particular (especially formal) occasion, or in a fashionable manner
to design, make, provide, or select clothes (for someone)
to arrange or style (someone’s hair)
to adorn or ornament (something)see alsoadorn,‎ornament
to arrange a display of goods in, or to decorate (a shop or shop window)
to ornament (a ship) by hoisting the national colours at the peak and mastheads, and setting the jack forward
to apply a dressing to or otherwise treat (a wound)
to fit or prepare (something) for use; to render (something) suitable for an intended purposesee alsoget ready
to prepare, treat, or curry (animal hide or leather)
to prepare the surface of (a material)
to remove chaff or impurities from (flour, grain, etc.) by bolting or sifting, winnowing, and other methods
to prepare (an artificial fly) to be attached to a fish hook
to cultivate or tend to (a garden, land, plants, etc.)seecultivate,‎tend
to add fertilizer or manure to (soil)seefertilize,‎manure
to cut up (an animal or its flesh) for food
to remove the internal organs (of a game animal) shortly after it has been killedseefield dress
to prepare (food) for cooking or eating, especially by seasoning it; to add a dressing or sauce (to food, especially a salad)
to design, make, or prepare costumes (for a play or other performance); to present (a production) in a particular costume style
to prepare (a set) by installing the props, scenery, etc.
to arrange (soldiers or troops) into proper formation; especially, to adjust (soldiers or troops) into straight lines and at a proper distance from each other
to treat (someone) in a particular manner; specifically, in an appropriate or fitting manner
to give (someone) a deserved beatingseethrash
to give (someone) a good scoldingseedress down
of a thing: to attain a certain condition after undergoing some process or treatment to fit or prepare it for use
  • Maori:whakahuene(referring to preparing rough sawn timber)
to allow one’s penis to fall to one side or the other within one’s trousers
ellipsis of cross-dressseecross-dress
of an animal carcass: to have a certain quantity or weight after removal of the internal organs and skin; to have a certain appearance after being cut up and prepared for cooking
of soldiers or troops: to arrange into proper formation; especially, to form into straight lines and at a proper distance from each other
of a sportsperson: to put on the uniform and have the equipment needed to play a sport
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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dress (countable anduncountable,pluraldresses)

A 19th-centuryillustration of awomanwearing a dress(sense 1.1).
  1. (countable)
    1. (clothing) Anitem ofclothing (usuallyworn by awoman oryounggirl) which bothcovers theupperpart of thebody and includes askirtbelow thewaist.
      Amy and Mary looked very pretty in theirdresses.
    2. (archaic) An item ofouter clothing orset of suchclothes (worn bypeople of allsexes) which is generallydecorative andappropriate for aparticularoccasion,profession, etc.
    3. (film, television, theater)Ellipsis ofdress rehearsal.
  2. (uncountable)
    1. Apparel or clothing, especially when appropriate for a particular occasion, profession, etc.
      militarydress
      He came to the party in formaldress.
    2. (archaic) Theact ofputting on clothes, especiallyfashionable ones, or for a particular (especiallyformal) occasion.
    3. (by extension)
      1. Theexternalcovering of ananimal (for example, thefeathers of abird) or anobject.
        • 1871,Charles Darwin, “Birds—concluded”, inThe Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex. [], volume II, London:John Murray, [],→OCLC, Part II (Sexual Selection),page187:
          When the adults [i.e., birds] of both sexes have a distinct winter and summer plumage, whether or not the male differs from the female, the young resemble the adults of both sexes in their winterdress or much more rarely in their summerdress, or they resemble the females alone; or the young may have an intermediate character; or again they may differ greatly from the adults in both their seasonal plumages.
      2. Theappearance of an object after it hasundergone someprocess ortreatment tofit orprepare it foruse;finish.
      3. (figuratively) The external appearance of something, especially ifintended togive apositiveimpression;garb,guise.
        • 1610 (first performance),Ben[jamin] Jonson,The Alchemist, London: [] Thomas Snodham, forWalter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, [], published1612,→OCLC,Act IV, scene i:
          Sir, although / VVe may be ſaid to vvant theguilt, and trappings, / Thedreſſe ofHonor; yet vve ſtriue to keepe, / The ſeedes, and theMaterialls.
        • 1663, Robert Boyle,Some Considerations Touching the Style of the H[oly] Scriptures. [], London: [] Henry Herringman, [],→OCLC,pages163–164:
          [] Eloquence, theDreſs of our Thoughts, like the Dreſs of our Bodies, differs not only in ſeveral Regions, but in ſeveral Ages.
        • 1711 May 14 (Gregorian calendar),J[ohn] G[ay],The Present State of Wit, in a Letter to a Friend in the Country, London:[s.n.],→OCLC,page14:
          He has indeed reſcued it [i.e., learning] out of the hands of Pedants and Fools, and diſcover'd the true method of making it amiable and lovely to all mankind: In thedreſs he gives it, 'tis a moſt welcome gueſt at Tea-tables and Aſſemblies, and is reliſh'd and careſſed by the Merchants on the Change;[]
      4. (archaic, historical) Thesystem offurrows on theface of amillstone.
    4. (obsolete) The act ofapplying adressing to or otherwisetreating awound; also, the dressing so applied.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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item of clothing which both covers the upper part of the body and includes a skirt below the waist
item of outer clothing or set of such clothes (worn either by people of all sexes) which is generally decorative and appropriate for a particular occasion, profession, etc.
ellipsis of dress rehearsalseedress rehearsal
apparel or clothing
act of putting on clothes, especially fashionable ones, or for a particular (especially formal) occasion
external covering of an animal or an object
appearance of an object after it has undergone some process or treatment to fit or prepare it for useseefinish
external appearance of something, especially if intended to give a positive impressionsee alsogarb,‎guise
system of furrows on the face of a millstone

See also

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References

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  1. ^dressen,v.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  2. ^dress,v.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2021;dress,v.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  3. ^dress,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, September 2021;dress,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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Norwegian Bokmål

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NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediano

Etymology 1

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FromEnglishdress, fromMiddle Englishdressen, fromOld Frenchdresser,drescer,drecier(to erect, set up, arrange, dress), fromeitherMedieval Latindīrēctiō(direction, aiming, correction)orVulgar Latindirēctiāre, fromLatindīrectus(straight, direct, directed), fromProto-Italic*dwizrektos, perfect passive participle ofdīrigō(straighten, direct), fromProto-Italic*dwizregō, from bothdis-(asunder, in pieces, apart, in two), fromProto-Italic*dwis-, fromProto-Indo-European*dwís(twice, doubly, in two) +regō(I make straight, rule), fromProto-Italic*regō, fromProto-Indo-European*h₃réǵeti(to straighten; right), from*h₃reǵ-(to straighten, to right oneself, just).

Noun

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dress m (definite singulardressen,indefinite pluraldresser,definite pluraldressene)

  1. (clothing) asuit(either formal wear, or leisure or sports wear)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

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dress

  1. imperative ofdresse

References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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FromEnglishdress(verb: kle på seg).

Noun

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dress m (definite singulardressen,indefinite pluraldressar,definite pluraldressane)

  1. (clothing) asuit(either formal wear, or leisure or sports wear)

Derived terms

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References

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