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dream

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishdrem, fromOld Englishdrēam(“music, joy”), fromProto-West Germanic*draum, fromProto-Germanic*draumaz, from earlier*draugmaz, fromProto-Indo-European*dʰrowgʰ-mos, from*dʰrewgʰ-(“to deceive, injure, damage”).

The sense of "dream", though not attested in Old English, may still have been present (compareOld Saxondrōm(“bustle, revelry, jubilation", also "dream”)), and was undoubtedly reinforced later in Middle English byOld Norsedraumr(“dream”), from same Proto-Germanic root.

Cognate withScotsdreme(“dream”),North Frisiandrom(“dream”),West Frisiandream(“dream”),Low GermanDroom,Dutchdroom(“dream”),GermanTraum(“dream”),Danish andNorwegian Bokmåldrøm,Norwegian Nynorskdraum,Swedishdröm(“dream”),Icelandicdraumur(“dream”). Related also toOld Norsedraugr(“ghost, undead, spectre”),Dutchbedrog(“deception, deceit”),GermanTrug(“deception, illusion”).

more details

The derivation from Old Englishdrēam is controversial, since the word itself is only attested in writing in its meaning of “joy, mirth, musical sound”. Possibly there was a separate worddrēam meaning “images seen while sleeping”, which was avoided in literature due to potential confusion with the “joy” sense. Otherwise, the modern sense must have been borrowed from another Germanic language, most probably Old Norse.[1] Since this is the common sense in all Germanic languages outside the British isles, a spontaneous development from “joy, mirth” to “dream” in Middle English is hardly conceivable. In Old Saxon, the cognatedrōm did mean “dream”, but was a rare word.

Attested words for “sleeping vision” in Old English, both of which appeared inThe Dream of the Rood, weremǣting (Middle Englishmæte,mete), from an unclear source, andswefn (ModernEnglishsweven), fromProto-Germanic*swefnaz, from Proto-Indo-European*swepno-,*swep-; compareAncient Greekὕπνος(húpnos,“sleep”).

The verb is fromMiddle Englishdremen, possibly (see above) fromOld Englishdrīeman(“to make a joyous sound with voice or with instrument; rejoice; sing a song; play on an instrument”), fromProto-Germanic*draumijaną,*draugmijaną(“to be festive, dream, hallucinate”), from the noun. Cognate withScotsdreme(“to dream”),West Frisiandreame(“to dream”),Dutchdromen(“to dream”),Germanträumen(“to dream”),Swedishdrömma(“to dream, muse”),Icelandicdreyma(“to dream”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dream (pluraldreams)

  1. Imaginaryevents seen in themind whilesleeping.
    Synonym:(archaic)sweven
    Hyponym:nightmare
    have adream
    scarydream
    vividdream
    eroticdream
    feel like adream
    be in adream
  2. (figurative) Ahope orwish.
    have adream
    fulfil adream
    harbour adream
    realize adream
    • 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter IV, inZollenstein, New York, N.Y.:D. Appleton & Company,→OCLC:
      So this was my future home, I thought![…]Backed by towering hills, the but faintly discernible purple line of the French boundary off to the southwest, a sky of palest Gobelin flecked with fat, fleecy little clouds, it in truth looked a dear little city; the city of one'sdreams.
    • 1963 August 28,Martin Luther King,I have a Dream‎[1]:
      I have adream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have adream today!
    • 2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, inAV Club:
      Ralph Wiggum is generally employed as a bottomless fount of glorious non sequiturs, but in “I Love Lisa” he stands in for every oblivious chump who ever deluded himself into thinking that with persistence, determination, and a pure heart he can win the girl of hisdreams.
    • 2010,Jonathan Green,Murder in the High Himalaya: Loyalty, Tragedy, and Escape from Tibet‎[2], 1st edition (Politics),PublicAffairs,→ISBN,→LCCN,→OCLC,page33:
      More likely than capture is death at the hands of Chinese border police. Killings like that of fifteen-year-old Yeshe Dundrub, shot at night in Saga County (Ch: Saga Xian) in November 1999, while fleeing with forty others to Nepal, are covered up when possible. (Dundrub, whosedream was to be a monk, died in a military hospital bed nine hours after he was shot.)
  3. Avisionaryscheme; awildconceit; anidlefancy.
    Synonym:vision
    live in adream
    wake up from adream
    impossibledream
    adream of bliss
    thedream of his youth
    • c.1735,Alexander Pope,John Donne's Satires Versified:
      There sober thought pursued the amusing theme,
      Till Fancy coloured it and formed adream.
    • 1870,John Shairp,Culture and Religion:
      It is not, then, a meredream, but a very real aim which they propose.

Derived terms

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Translations

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imaginary events seen while sleeping
hope or wish
visionary scheme
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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dream (third-person singular simple presentdreams,present participledreaming,simple past and past participledreamedordreamt)

  1. (intransitive) Toseeimaginaryevents in one'smind whilesleeping.
    Last night Idreamed I was leaping over giant cupcakes and chocolate cookies.
  2. (intransitive) Tohope, towish.
    Lucydreams of becoming a scientist when she'll grow up.
  3. (intransitive) Todaydream.
    Stopdreaming and get back to work.
  4. (transitive) Toenvision as animaginaryexperience (usually whenasleep).
    Idreamed a vivid dream last night.
  5. (intransitive) Toconsider thepossibility (of).
    I wouldn'tdream of snubbing you in public.
    • c.1599–1602 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene v], lines167-8:
      There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio,
      Than aredreamt of in your philosophy.
    • 1879,R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, inThe Amateur Poacher, London:Smith, Elder, & Co., […],→OCLC:
      But then I had the [massive] flintlock by me for protection.
      […]The linen-press and a chest on the top of it formed, however, a very good gun-carriage; and, thus mounted, aim could be taken out of the window […], and a 'bead' could be drawn upon Molly, the dairymaid, kissing the fogger behind the hedge, littledreaming that the deadly tube was levelled at them.

Usage notes

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  • "Dreamt" is less common than "dreamed" in both US and UK English in current usage, though somewhat more prevalent in the UK than in the US.
  • As withsay andthink, the argument of the intransitive verb is often a bare clause, as in I dreamed I was a superhero.

Derived terms

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Translations

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see imaginary events while sleeping
to hope, to wish
daydream—seedaydream
to create an imaginary experience

Adjective

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dream (notcomparable)

  1. Ideal;perfect.
    • 1975,David Bowie, “Golden Years”, inStation to Station:
      Gonna drive back down where you once belonged / In the back of adream car, twenty foot long
    • 2014, P.G. Wodehouse,Jeeves and the Yule-Tide Spirit and Other Stories, Random House,→ISBN,page158:
      If a girl who talked like that was not hisdream girl, he didn't know adream girl when he heard one.
    • 2017 November 14, Phil McNulty, “England 0-0 Brazil”, inBBC News‎[3]:
      England found chances a rarity, although Liverpool striker Solanke almost made it adream debut in the closing seconds, only to miscontrol at the far post.

References

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  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “dream”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary..

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Irish

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FWOTD – 16 February 2014

Etymology

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FromMiddle Irishdremm(“crowd, throng”),[1] fromProto-Celtic*drexsmā, itself probably related to*drungos(“throng, host”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dream m (genitive singulardreama,nominative pluraldreamanna)

  1. crowd,group ofpeople,party(group of people traveling or attending an event together, or participating in the same activity)
    • 1929,Tomás Ó Criomhthain, “IV: Scolaidheacht agus Fánaidheacht”, inAn t-Oileánach, page48:
      Thug sé scilling do’n té ab’ fhearr is gach rang agus ar shíneadh na scillinge ’nár rang-ne ní h-aenne de’ndream mór do fuair í ach me féin.
      He gave a shilling to the best one in each class, and when he was giving out shillings in our class, there wasn't one in that big group who got one but me myself.

Declension

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Declension ofdream (third declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeandreamnadreamanna
genitiveandreamanandreamanna
dativeleis andream
dondream		leis nadreamanna

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofdream
radicallenitioneclipsis
dreamdhreamndream

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “drem(m)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^Dillon, Myles,Donncha Ó Cróinín (1961)Teach Yourself Irish, Sevenoaks, England: Hodder and Stoughton,→ISBN, page224
  3. ^Ó Sé, Diarmuid (2000)Gaeilge Chorca Dhuibhne [The Irish of Corkaguiny] (in Irish), Institiúid Teangeolaíochta Éireann[Linguistics Institute of Ireland],→ISBN, section 537
  4. ^Ó Máille, T. S. (1974)Liosta Focal as Ros Muc [Word List from Rosmuck] (in Irish), Baile Átha Cliath [Dublin]: Irish University Press,→ISBN, page75
  5. ^Finck, F. N. (1899)Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page87
  6. ^Quiggin, E. C. (1906)A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 4, page5

Further reading

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Middle English

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Noun

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dream

  1. (Early Middle English)Alternative form ofdrem

Old English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*draum, fromProto-Germanic*draumaz, whence alsoOld Frisiandrām,Old Saxondrōm(“joy, music, dream”),Old High Germantroum,Old Norsedraumr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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drēam m

  1. joy,pleasure,gladness,rejoicing
    • 10th century,The Wanderer:
      Wōriað þā wīnsalo; · waldend liċġað
      drēame bidrorene; · duguþ eal ġecrong,
      wlonc bī wealle. · Sume wīġ fornōm,
      The wine-halls ramble; lords lie still,
      deprived ofmirth; army completely perished,
      proud by the wall. The war took away some men,
  2. that which causesmerriment:musical instrument,music,melody,song,harmony
  3. frenzy,ecstasy

Declension

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Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativedrēamdrēamas
accusativedrēamdrēamas
genitivedrēamesdrēama
dativedrēamedrēamum

Derived terms

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Descendants

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See also

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Scottish Gaelic

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Irishdremm(“crowd, throng”),[1] fromProto-Celtic*drexsmā, itself probably related to*drungos(“throng, host”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dream m (pluraldreamannan)

  1. kindred,tribe,company
    is rìoghail modhream ―royal is myrace (motto of Clan MacGregor)
  2. (chiefly biblical)people,folk
  3. category

Mutation

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Mutation ofdream
radicallenition
dreamdhream

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “drem(m)”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. ^Roy Wentworth (2003)Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR,→ISBN

Further reading

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  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “dream”, inFaclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎[4], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited,→ISBN

West Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisiandrām, fromProto-West Germanic*draum, fromProto-Germanic*draumaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dream c (pluraldreamen,diminutivedreamke)

  1. dream,vision in one'ssleep
    • 2008, Greet Andringa,Libben reach, Friese Pers Boekerij, page 70.
      Hy koe net sliepe, want dedreamen oer syn deade maten wiene noch slimmer as wat er mei de eagen iepen seach.
      He couldn't sleep, because thedreams about his dead companions were even worse than what he saw with his eyes open.
  2. daydream
  3. desire, what onewishes
  4. delusion

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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  • “dream”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011
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