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downward

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

It has been requested that this entry bemerged withdownwards⁽⁺⁾.

Etymology

Fromdown +‎-ward.

Pronunciation

(US)IPA^(key): /ˈdaʊnwɚd/
(UK)IPA^(key): /ˈdaʊnwəd/
Audio(US): (file)

Adverb

downward (notcomparable)

Toward alowerlevel, whether inphysicalspace, in ahierarchy, or inamount orvalue.
His position in society moved everdownward.
The natural disasters putdownward pressure on the creditworthiness of the nation’s insurance groups.
- c.1604–1605 (date written),William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene vii]:
  [A] ring the county wears, / Thatdownward hath succeeded in his house / From son to son, some four or five descents
- 1606?, Michaell Drayton [i.e.,Michael Drayton], “The Ninth Eglog”, inPoemes Lyrick and Pastorall. […], London: […] R. B[radock] forN[icholas] L[ing] and I[ohn] Flasket,→OCLC; republished inPoemes Lyrick and Pastorall (Publications of the Spenser Society, New Series; 4), [Manchester: […] Charles E. Simms] for the Spenser Society,1891,→OCLC,page94:
  They call herDaffadill: / Whoſe preſence as ſhe went along, / The prety flowers did greet, / As though their heads theydownward bent, / With homage to her feete.
- 1653,Iz[aak] Wa[lton], chapter IV, inThe Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation. Being a Discourse of Fish and Fishing, […], London: […] T. Maxey forRich[ard] Marriot, […],→OCLC; reprinted asThe Compleat Angler (Homo Ludens; 6), Nieuwkoop, South Holland, Netherlands: Miland Publishers,1969,→ISBN,page109:
  Novv you muſt bee ſure[…] to carry the point or top of the Roddovvnevvard; by vvhich meanes the ſhadovv of your ſelfe, and Rod too vvill be the leaſt offenſive to the Fiſh, for the ſight of any ſhadovv amazes the fiſh, and ſpoiles your ſport, of vvhich you muſt take a great care.
- 1719 May 6 (Gregorian calendar), [Daniel Defoe],The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], London: […] W[illiam] Taylor […],→OCLC,page71:
  [T]heir Sight was so directeddownward, that they did not readily see Objects that were above them[…]
- 1878 January–December,Thomas Hardy, “The Halt on the Turnpike-road”, inThe Return of the Native […], volume I, London:Smith, Elder, & Co., […], published1878,→OCLC, book I (The Three Women),page73:
  Down,downward they went, and yet further down—their descent at each step seeming to outmeasure their advance.
At a lower level.
- 1667,John Milton, “Book I”, inParadise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […];[a]nd by Robert Boulter […];[a]nd Matthias Walker, […],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […],1873,→OCLC, lines462–463:
  Dagon his Name, Sea Monster, upward Man / Anddownward Fish[…]
Southward.
- 1927, Havelock Ellis,Studies in the Psychology of Sex‎^[1], volume 2:
  If we turn to the New World, we find that among the American Indians, from the Eskimo of Alaskadownward to Brazil and still farther south, homosexual customs have been very frequently observed.

Synonyms

down,downwards

Antonyms

up,upwards

Derived terms

Translations

toward a lower level

Bashkir:аҫҡа(aśqa),түбән(tübən)
Bulgarian:надолу(nadolu)
Chinese:
Mandarin:please add this translation if you can
Faroese:oman,omaneftir,niður,niðureftir
Finnish:alaspäin (fi)
German:abwärts (de),nach unten,runter (de)
Gothic:𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌸(dalaþ)
Hebrew:מַטָּה (he)(matá),לְמַטָּה(l'matá),כְּלַפֵּימַטָּה־(klapei matá)
Malayalam:താഴേക്ക്(tāḻēkkŭ)
Maori:ki raro,whakararo
Romanian:în jos,în coborâre,în vale
Russian:вниз (ru)(vniz)
Spanish:hacia abajo
Swedish:nedåt (sv),neråt (sv)

Adjective

downward (notcomparable)

Moving,sloping ororiented downward.
He spoke with adownward glance.
- 1593, [William Shakespeare],Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […],→OCLC:
  But this foul, grim, and urchin-snouted boar,
  Whosedownward eye still looketh for a grave,
  Ne’er saw the beauteous livery that he wore;
- 1728,[James] Thomson,Spring. A Poem, […] A[ndrew] Millar, […]; andG[eorge] Strahan, […],→OCLC,page12:
  […] in the Western Sky, thedownward Sun
  Looks out illustrious from amid the Flush
  Of broken Clouds[…]
- 1897,H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “chapter 28”, inThe Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance, New York, N.Y.; London:Harper & Brothers Publishers,→OCLC:
  Emerging into the hill-road, Kemp naturally took thedownward direction[…]
- 1952,Patricia Highsmith, chapter 7, inThe Price of Salt‎^[2], Mineola, New York: Dover, published2015, page73:
  […] Therese saw adownward slant of sadness in her mouth now, a sadness not of wisdom but of defeat.
- 1960 December, “The first hundred 25 kV a.c. electric locomotives for B.R.”, inTrains Illustrated, page728:
  The tractive and braking forces are transmitted to the body through adownward projecting pivot pin in the normal way.
Located at a lower level.
- 1713,[Alexander] Pope,Windsor-Forest. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […],→OCLC,page 9:
  In her chast Current oft the Goddess laves,
  And with Celestial Tears augments the Waves.
  Oft in her Glass the musing Shepherd spies
  The headlong Mountains and thedownward Skies,
  The watry Landskip of the pendant Woods,
  And absent Trees that tremble in the Floods;
- 1793,Thomas Taylor (translator),The Phædo inThe Cratylus, Phædo, Parmenides and Timæus ofPlato, London: Benjamin and John White, p. 235,^[3]
  […] often revolving itself under the earth, [the river] flows into the moredownward parts of Tartarus.

Derived terms

Translations

moving down

Bulgarian:спадащ (bg)(spadašt)
Chinese:
Mandarin:please add this translation if you can
Dutch:neerwaarts (nl)
Faroese:lækkandi,hallandi
Finnish:laskeva (fi)
German:nach unten gehend,absteigend (de),niedersinkend (de),Abwärts-
Maori:whakararo
Romanian:coborâtor (ro),descendent (ro)
Russian:спуска́ющийся (ru)(spuskájuščijsja),нисходя́щий (ru)(nisxodjáščij)
Swedish:nedåt (sv),neråt (sv)

Anagrams

downdraw,draw down,drawdown

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