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doff

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 4 June 2025

Etymology

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PIE word
*h₂epó
Adoffer doffing(verbverb sense 1.4.1) or removingspindles ofyarn from aspeedermachine at Pickett Yarn Mill inHigh Point,North Carolina, U.S.A., in 1937.
A view of thedoffing cylinder(bottom) of abreakercard—a machine whichdisentanglesplantfibres so that they can bespun—atMasson Mill, acotton spinningmill inMatlock Bath,Derbyshire,England,United Kingdom. This doffing cylinder has manypins which doff(verbverb sense 1.4.2) or remove small pieces of cotton from the maincylinder of the machine. The cotton is then taken off the doffing cylinder by aknife next to that cylinder, and put into the next stage of production.

Theverb is derived from LateMiddle Englishdoffen(to take off (clothing); to remove (headwear) as a sign of respect; to remove (grease) by skimming),[1] acontraction ofMiddle Englishdo off,don off, fromOld Englishdōn of,[2] fromdōn(to do; to put; to take off, remove)[3] +of(from; off).[4]Dōn is derived fromProto-West Germanic*dōn(to do; to place, put), fromProto-Germanic*dōną(to do; to make; to place, put), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*dʰeh₁-(to do; to place, put). Bysurface analysis,do +‎off. Comparedon (by surface analysis,do +on),dout (do +out),dup (do +up).

Thenoun is derived from the verb.[5]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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doff (third-person singular simple presentdoffs,present participledoffing,simple past and past participledoffed)(chiefly literary and dated except Northern England)

  1. (transitive)
    1. (chiefly clothing) Toremove ortake off (somethingworn on thebody such asarmour orclothing, or somethingcarried).
      Antonyms:don,put on
      1. To remove ortip (ahat or otherheadwear) ingreeting orsalutation, or as amark ofrespect.
        The rusticsdoffed their hats at the clergy.
    2. (reflexive, archaic except UK, dialectal) Toundress (oneself); todivest, tostrip.
      • 1646,Richard Crashaw, “Sospetto d’Herode. Libro Primo.”, inSteps to the Temple. Sacred Poems, with Other Delights of the Muses, London: [] T. W. for Humphrey Moseley, [],→OCLC, stanza 65,page72:
        VVhy art thou troubledHerod? vvhat vaine feare / Thy blood-revolving Breſt to rage doth move? / Heavens King, vvhodoffs himſelfe vveake fleſh to vveare, / Comes not to rule in vvrath, but ſerve in love.
        Referring toJesus figuratively undressing and putting on human form.
    3. (figurative) Tocast aside orget rid of (something), tothrow off.
      Doff that stupid idea: it will never work.
    4. (textiles)
      1. To remove (abobbin orspindle which isfull ofspunyarn) from aspinning frame forreplacement with anempty one.
      2. To remove (smallpieces ofcotton or otherplantfibre, etc.) from acardingcylinder.
    5. (obsolete) Toput off orturn away (someone) with anexcuse, etc.
  2. (intransitive, rare)
    1. (archaic) To remove or tip a hat or other headwear in greeting or salutation, or as a mark of respect.
      • 1832,Alfred Tennyson, “The Goose”, inPoems. [], volume I, London:Edward Moxon, [], published1842,→OCLC, stanza V,page231:
        And[the goose] feeding high, and living soft, / Grew plump and able-bodied; / Until the grave churchwardendoff'd, / The parson smirk'd and nodded.
    2. (obsolete)Followed bywith: to remove or take off something worn on the body, or something carried.
      • 1763 June 20 (first performance),Samuel Foote,The Mayor of Garret. A Comedy, [], London: [] P[aul] Vaillant, [], published1764,→OCLC, Act II, scene[ii],page45:
        VVhy, look'ye, Major Sturgeon, I don't much care for your poppers and ſharpes, becauſe vvhy, they are out of my vvay; but if you vvilldoff vvith your boots, and box a couple of bouts.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofdoff
infinitive(to)doff
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingulardoffdoffed
2nd-personsingulardoff,doffestdoffed,doffedst
3rd-personsingulardoffs,doffethdoffed
pluraldoff
subjunctivedoffdoffed
imperativedoff
participlesdoffingdoffed

Derived terms

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Translations

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to remove or take off (something worn on the body such as armour or clothing, or something carried)
(transitive) to remove or tip (a hat or other headwear) in greeting or salutation, or as a mark of respect; (intransitive) to remove or tip a hat or other headwear in greeting or salutation, or as a mark of respect
to undress (oneself)seeundress
to cast aside or get rid of (something)seecast aside,‎get rid of
to remove (a bobbin or spindle which is full of yarn) from a spinning frame for replacement with an empty one
  • Finnish:vaihtaa (fi)
  • French:please add this translation if you can
to remove (small pieces of cotton or other plant fibre, etc.) from a carding cylinder
  • Finnish:kuoria (fi)
  • French:please add this translation if you can

Noun

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doff (pluraldoffs)

  1. (obsolete, rare)Followed byoff: anact ofputting off orturning away someone with anexcuse, etc.
    • 1606,A Pleasant Comedie, Called Wily Beguilde. [], London: [] H[umphrey] L[ownes] for Clement Knight; [],→OCLC,[scene xi],page38, lines[1221–1222]:
      Faith,Lelia has een giuen him thedoff off here, and has made hir father almoſt ſtarke mad.

References

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  1. ^doffen,v.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
  2. ^doff,v.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2024;doff,v.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
  3. ^Joseph Bosworth (1882), “dōn”, inT[homas] Northcote Toller, editor,An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary [], Oxford, Oxfordshire:Clarendon Press,→OCLC,page208, column 2.
  4. ^Joseph Bosworth (1882), “of,prep.”, inT[homas] Northcote Toller, editor,An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary [], Oxford, Oxfordshire:Clarendon Press,→OCLC,page728, column 2.
  5. ^† doff,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press,July 2023.

Further reading

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Yola

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishdoffen, contraction ofOld Englishdōn of.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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doff (simple pastdoftordaffed,past participleee-daff)

  1. tostrip

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page35
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