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Inherited fromLatinīre. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding conjugations ofLatinvādere; those beginning with /f/ derive from forms ofLatinesse.

Verb

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dir

togo

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofdir

person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
infinitive		dir
gerundive		diendo
participle		m díu,f día,n dío,m pl díos,f pl díes
indicative	present	vo/voi	vas	va	vamos	vais	van
	imperfect	diba	dibes	diba	díbamos/díbemos	dibais/dibeis	diben
	preterite	fui	fosti/fuesti/fuisti	fo/foi	fomos/fuemos/fuimos	fostis/fuestis/fuistis	foron/fueron
	pluperfect	fora/fore/fuera/fuere	foras/fores/fueras/fueres	fora/fore/fuera/fuere	fóramos/fóremos/fuéramos/fuéremos	forais/foreis/fuerais/fuereis	foran/foren/fueran/fueren
	future	diré	dirás	dirá	diremos	diréis	dirán
	conditional	diría	diríes	diría	diríamos/diríemos	diríais/diríeis	diríen
subjunctive	present	fora/vaiga/vaya	foras/vaigas/vayas	fora/vaiga/vaya	vaigamos/vayamos	vaigáis/vayáis	foran/vaigan/vayan
subjunctive	imperfect	fora/fore/fuera/fuere	foras/fores/fueras/fueres	fora/fore/fuera/fuere	fóramos/fóremos/fuéramos/fuéremos	forais/foreis/fuerais/fuereis	foran/foren/fueran/fueren
imperative			ve			díi

From OSLIN-AST Lexicón abiertu de la llingua asturiana[1].

Bavarian

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Pronoun

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dir

alternative spelling ofdia(“you”,dative)

Breton

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /diʁ/

Noun

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dir m

steel

Catalan

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IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)[ˈdi]
IPA^(key): (Valencia)[ˈdiɾ]
Audio(Catalonia): (file)

Verb

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dir (first-person singular presentdic,first-person singular preteritediguí,past participledit)

(transitive, intransitive) tosay, topronounce
(transitive) tosay, totell
Vadir una mentida.
Shetold a lie.
Eldèiem que cuinés el sopar.
Wetold him to cook dinner.
(transitive) tocall, torefer to as
(reflexive) to benamed, to becalled
Com etdius? ―What's your name?

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofdir (mixed conjugation, irregular, with velar infix)

person		singular			plural
infinitive			dir
gerund			dient
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		dit		dita
		plural		dits		dites
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	dic	dius	diu	diem	dieu	diuen
	imperfect	deia	deies	deia	dèiem	dèieu	deien
	future	diré	diràs	dirà	direm	direu	diran
	preterite	diguí	digueres	digué	diguérem	diguéreu	digueren
	conditional	diria	diries	diria	diríem	diríeu	dirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	digui	diguis	digui	diguem	digueu	diguin
	imperfect	digués	diguessis	digués	diguéssim	diguéssiu	diguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	digues	digui	diguem	digueu	diguin
	negative (no)	—	no diguis	no digui	no diguem	no digueu	no diguin

Balearic hasdeis and Valencian hasdis as the second-person plural present indicative form. This is similar toFrenchdire havingdites as the standard form instead of the expecteddisez, and contemporaryItaliandire havingdite as the standard form in place of the expecteddicete.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germandir, fromOld High Germandir, fromProto-West Germanic*þiʀ, fromProto-Germanic*þiz.

Pronunciation

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(standard)IPA^(key): /diːɐ̯/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-iːɐ̯
(colloquially in unstressed position)IPA^(key): /dɐ/,/də/
Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)

Pronoun

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dir

(personal)dative ofdu;you, toyou.
(reflexive pronoun)dative ofdu;yourself, toyourself.

Haitian Creole

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Etymology

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FromFrenchdire(“to say”).

Verb

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dir

(Saint-Domingue) tosay, totell
Mo prié vou tant seulement vou pasdir personne à rien. ―I just ask that you don'ttell anyone a thing.

Descendants

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Haitian Creole:di

References

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S.J Ducoeurjoly,Manuel des habitans de Saint-Domingue, contenant un précis de l'histoire de cette île

Italian

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Verb

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dir (apocopated)

apocopic form ofdire

Luxembourgish

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Alternative forms

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der(unstressed)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /diːr/,[diə̯],[ˈdiː.ɐ]
Rhymes:-iːə
Homophones:dier,Dier,Dir

Etymology 1

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FromOld High Germandir.

Pronoun

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dir

second-person singular, dative:you;thee
Ech hunndir e Bréif geschéckt.
I have sentyou a letter.

Etymology 2

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FromOld High Germanir. Thed- is through unetymological segmentation of the ending-t of a preceding verb (*stitt ir →*stiddir →stitt dir). This development was assisted by a parallelism with the 1st person, in which the dative singularmir is also the nominative plural (this latter development occurred for a similar reason, but was earlier and is widespread throughoutHigh German).

Pronoun

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dir

second-person plural, nominative:you; you all;ye
Huttdir gutt geschlof?
Haveyou slept well?

Derived terms

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Dir(singular and plural polite form)

Declension

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Luxembourgish personal pronouns
				nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
				stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	reflexive
singular	1st person			ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	informal		du	de	dech	—	dir	der	like dat. and acc.
	2nd person	formal		Dir	Der	Iech	Iech[əɕ]	Iech	Iech[əɕ]	Iech
	3rd person		m	hien	en	hien	en	him	em	sech
			f	si	se	si	se	hir	er	sech
			n	hatt	et ('t)	hatt	et ('t)	him	em	sech
plural	1st person			mir	mer	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)	—	eis (ons)
	2nd person			dir	der	iech	iech[əɕ]	iech	iech[əɕ]	iech
	3rd person			si	se	si	se	hinnen	en	sech

Old Occitan

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Alternative forms

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dire

Etymology

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From a contraction ofLatindīcō, dīcere.

Verb

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dir

tosay

Descendants

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Occitan:dire,díder,díser

Pennsylvania German

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germandir, fromOld High Germandir, fromProto-West Germanic*þiʀ, fromProto-Germanic*þiz. CompareGermandir.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /diːɐ̯/

Pronoun

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dir

dative ofdu:you, to you

Declension

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Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
Person/ Gender	1st	familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹ unstressed

Romansch

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Etymology 1

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FromLatindūrus.

Adjective

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dirm (feminine singulardira,masculine pluraldirs,feminine pluraldiras)

(Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Rumantsch Grischun)hard

Alternative forms

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deir(Surmiran)
dür(Puter, Vallader)

Etymology 2

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From a contraction ofLatindīcō, dīcere, fromProto-Italic*deikō, fromProto-Indo-European*deyḱ-(“to show, point out”). The origin of some forms starting withsch- likely result from regular elisions of unstressed syllables:dīcēbam →*dcéβa →scheva.

Verb

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dir

tosay

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofdir (Grischun)

	singular			plural
infinitive			dir
gerund			schend
past participle			ditg
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	di	dis	di	schain	schais	din
imperfect	scheva	schevas	scheva	schevan	schevas	schevan
future	vegnel a dir	vegns a dir	vegn a dir	vegnin a dir	vegnis a dir	vegnan a dir
conditional	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	schess	schesses	schess	schessen	schesses	schessen
future	vegness a dir	vegnesses a dir	vegness a dir	vegnessen a dir	vegnesses a dir	vegnessen a dir
subjunctive	che jeu	che ti	ch'el/ch'ella	che nus	che vus	ch'els/ch'ellas
present	dia	dias	dia	dian	dias	dian
future	vegni a dir	vegnies a dir	vegni a dir	vegnîen a dir	vegnîes a dir	vegnien a dir
imperative	—	ti	—	—	vus	—
imperative		di			schai

Conjugation ofdir (Sursilvan)

	singular			plural
infinitive			dir
gerund			dend
past participle			detg
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
present	ditgel	dias	di	schein	scheis	dian
imperfect	devel	devas	deva	devan	devas	devan
future	vegnel a dir	vegns a dir	vegn a dir	vegnin a dir	vegnis a dir	vegnan a dir
conditional	jeu	ti	el/ella	nus	vus	els/ellas
direct present	schess	schesses	schess	schessen	schesses	schessen
indirect present	schessi	schessies	schessi	schessien	schessies	schessien
direct future	vegness a dir	vegnesses a dir	vegness a dir	vegnessen a dir	vegnesses a dir	vegnessen a dir
indirect future	vegnessi a dir	vegnessies a dir	vegnessi a dir	vegnessien a dir	vegnessies a dir	vegnessien a dir
subjunctive	che jeu	che ti	ch'el/ch'ella	che nus	che vus	ch'els/ch'ellas
present	ditgi	ditgies	ditgi	scheien	scheies	ditgien
past	devi	devies	devi	devien	devies	devien
future	vegni a dir	vegnies a dir	vegni a dir	vegnîen a dir	vegnîes a dir	vegnien a dir
imperative	—	ti	—	—	vus	—
imperative		di			schei

Alternative forms

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dir(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Puter, Vallader)
gir(Sutsilvan)
deir(Surmiran)

Etymology 3

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Noun

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dir m (pluraldirs)

(anatomy, Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan)liver

Alternative forms

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deir(Surmiran)

Synonyms

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(Rumantsch Grischun, Vallader)gnirom
(Surmiran)nirom
(Puter)gniram
(Puter)fio

Somali

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Verb

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dir

send

Tolai

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Pronoun

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dir

Third-person dual pronoun: they two, them two

Declension

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Tolai personal pronouns
	singular	dual	paucal	plural
1st person exclusive	iau	amir mir	amital mital	avet ave¹
1st person inclusive	-	dor	datal	dat da¹
2nd person	u	amur mur	amutal mutal	avat ava¹
3rd person	ia i	dir di	dital	diat dia¹

¹⁾ The plural pronouns lose the final -t when preceding a verb.

Venetan

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Etymology

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From a contraction ofLatindīcere (compareItaliandire), present active infinitive ofdīcō.

Verb

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dir

(transitive) tosay,tell
(transitive) toaffirm

Conjugation

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* Venetan conjugation varies from one region to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation ofdir (second conjugation, irregular)

person	singular			plural
infinitive	dir
auxiliary verb		aver	gerund		déndo
past participle		dito,dixésto
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative	mi	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
present	do	(te)di, (te)dixi	(el/ła)de	démo	dì	(i/łe)de
imperfect	déa	(te)divi, (te)dixivi	(el/ła)déa	dévimo	divi	(i/łe)déa
future	darò	(te)darè	(el/ła)darà	darémo	darè	(i/łe)darà
conditional	darìa	(te)darisi	(el/ła)darìa	darìsimo	darisi	(i/łe)darìa
subjunctive	che mi	che ti	che eło / eła	che noialtri / noialtre	che voialtri / voialtre	che łuri / łore
present	da	(te)di	(el/ła)da	démo	dì	(i/łe)da
imperfect	dése	(te)disi	(el/ła)dése	désimo	disi	(i/łe)dése
imperative	—	ti	eło / eła	noialtri / noialtre	voialtri / voialtre	łuri / łore
imperative	—	(te)di	(el/ła)da	démo	dì	(i/łe)da

Welsh

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /diːr/
Homophone:dur(South Wales)

Etymology 1

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Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “GPC suggests cognacy withLatindūrus but this has a disputed etymology of its own”

Adjective

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dir (feminine singulardir,pluraldir,equativedired,comparativedirach,superlativediraf)

(obsolete)sure,certain,true
Synonyms:sicr,gwir,gwirioneddol
(obsolete)inevitable,inexorable
Synonyms:anochel,anorfod

Derived terms

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dirio(“to compel”)

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofdir
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dir	ddir	nir	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

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dir

soft mutation oftir(“land”)

Mutation

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Mutated forms oftir
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tir	dir	nhir	thir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Movatterモバイル変換

Translingual

Symbol

See also

English

Alternative forms

Noun

Adjective

Adverb

Anagrams

Aragonese

Etymology

Verb

Asturian

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Bavarian

Pronoun

Breton

Pronunciation

Noun

Catalan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading

German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Further reading

Haitian Creole

Etymology

Verb

Descendants

References

Italian

Verb

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Pronoun

Etymology 2

Pronoun

Derived terms

Declension

Old Occitan

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Descendants

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Declension

Romansch

Etymology 1

Adjective

Alternative forms

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Alternative forms

Etymology 3

Noun

Alternative forms

Synonyms

Somali

Verb

Tolai

Pronoun

Declension