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diaphragm

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
diaphragm (noun sense 1)
diaphragm (noun sense 3)

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishdiafragma,[1][2]Ancient Greekδιάφραγμα(diáphragma,“partition”), fromδιά(diá,“across”) andφράγμα(phrágma,“barrier”), from the verbφράσσω(phrássō). First attested in the late 14th century.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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diaphragm (pluraldiaphragms)

  2. (anatomy) Inmammals, a sheet ofmuscle separating thethorax from theabdomen,contracted and relaxed inrespiration to draw air into and expel air from thelungs.
    thoracicdiaphragm;  pulmonarydiaphragm
  3. (anatomy) Any of various membranes or sheets of muscle orligament which separate onecavity from another.
  5. Acontraceptive device consisting of a flexiblecup, used to cover thecervix duringintercourse.
    Hypernyms:contraceptive <device
    Coordinate terms:internal condom,female condom(not to be confused);external condom,male condom;condom;IUD,intrauterine device
    cervicaldiaphragm;  contraceptivediaphragm
  6. (mechanics) A flexiblemembrane separating twochambers and fixed around itsperiphery thatdistends into one or other chamber as the difference in thepressure in the chambers varies.
    • 1994 April 5, “Two Former Biosphere Workers Are Accused of Sabotaging Dome”, inThe Associated Press‎[1]:
      There also were five broken panes of glass on the two huge, rubberlikediaphragms that equalize air pressure within the dome as the artificial atmosphere expands and contracts with temperature variations, he said.
  8. (acoustics) In aspeaker, the thin, semi-rigidmembrane whichvibrates to produce sound.
    acousticdiaphragm
  10. (optics, photography) A thinopaque structure with a centralaperture, used to limit the passage of light into a camera or similar device.
  11. (chemistry) Apermeable orsemipermeablemembrane.
    • 1921, Wilder Dwight Bancroft,Applied Colloid Chemistry: General Theory‎[2], page207:
      The mass of liquid transported through a porousdiaphragm in a given time is directly proportional to the current.
  12. (construction) A floorslab, metal wall panel, roof panel or the like, having a sufficiently large in-planeshear stiffness and sufficient strength to transmit horizontal forces to resisting systems.

Derived terms

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Translations

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anatomy: sheet of muscle separating thorax from abdomen
anatomy: separating membrane or sheet of muscle
contraceptive device
mechanics: flexible membrane
acoustics: vibrating membrane in a speaker
optics: structure with a central aperture used to limit the passage of light
chemistry: permeable or semipermeable membrane
construction: stiff floor slab etc.

Verb

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diaphragm (third-person singular simple presentdiaphragms,present participlediaphragming,simple past and past participlediaphragmed)

  1. (optics, photography) To reduce lensaperture using an optical diaphragm.
    • 1870, D. Appleton & Co.,Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1869‎[3], page43:
      He employs an equatorial with an object-glass having a focal length of five metres, and which wasdiaphragmed down to eight centimetres.
  2. To act as a diaphragm, for example byvibrating.
    • 1996, Tom Drozdaet al.,Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook, vol. VIII: Plastic Part Manufacturing‎[4],→ISBN, page16-24:
      The holes and burning are caused by the partdiaphragming at 20000-40000 cycles/second.

Translations

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optics: to reduce lens aperture

Gallery

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  • The thoracic diaphragm.
    The thoracicdiaphragm.
  • A mechanical diaphragm.
    A mechanicaldiaphragm.
  • An acoustic diaphragm.
    An acousticdiaphragm.

References

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  1. ↑1.01.1Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “diaphragm”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.
  2. ^“diafragma”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.
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