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deren

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Deren,dereń,andDereń

Basque

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Noun

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deren

  1. genitiveindefinite ofde

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchdēren, fromOld Dutchderen, fromProto-West Germanic*darjan.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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deren

  1. (transitive) toharm

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofderen (weak)
infinitivederen
past singulardeerde
past participlegedeerd
infinitivederen
gerundderenn
present tensepast tense
1st person singulardeerdeerde
2nd person sing. (jij)deert,deer2deerde
2nd person sing. (u)deertdeerde
2nd person sing. (gij)deertdeerde
3rd person singulardeertdeerde
pluralderendeerden
subjunctive sing.1deredeerde
subjunctive plur.1derendeerden
imperative sing.deer
imperative plur.1deert
participlesderendgedeerd
1)Archaic.2) In case ofinversion.

Related terms

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Galician

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Verb

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deren

  1. third-personpluralfuturesubjunctive ofdar

German

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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deren (relative or demonstrative)

  1. inflection ofder:
    1. genitivefemininesingular
    2. genitiveplural
    3. (relative)whose, ofwhich
    4. (demonstrative)her,their, thelatter's

Usage notes

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Among unexercised users of formal standard German, one can frequently read or heardessen whenderen would be correct (or occasionally vice versa), since either of these forms is missing in some vernaculars.

General guidelines forderer vs.deren

Derer is used:
1) When following a noun
Programme, im RahmendererPrograms, in the frameworkof which
2) When referring to a subject later in the sentence
Das Schicksalderer, die gelitten habenThe fateof those who have suffered
Deren is used:
1) Before a noun
Kinder,deren Eltern getrennt lebenChildrenwhose parents live separately
Programme, inderen RahmenPrograms, in the frameworkof which
2) When used as a partitive genitive (such usage is often replaced byvondenen ordavon)
Es sindderen vieleThere are manyof them
Zwei Schwestern,deren nur eine von der anderen weißTwo sisters,of whom only one knows of the other
Otherwise, bothderer andderen are used.
Die Verbrechen,deren /derer sie beschuldigt wurdeThe crimesof which she was accused
Die Zeitspanne, außerhalbderen /dererThe time span outsideof which

When used in a series of nouns,deren refers back to the noun immediately proceeding it. Consider these sentences:

Sie haben ihre Freunde und ihren Sohn eingeladen.
They have invited their friends and their son.

vs.

Sie haben ihre Freunde undderen Sohn eingeladen.
They have invited their friends andtheir (friends') son.

The first sentence relates that the inviting family has a son; thus, they invite friends and that son. In the second sentence, the family invites their friends and a son of the invited family. Compare this behaviour with Ukrainianсвій and Ukrainian possessive pronouns:

Вони запросили своїх друзів ісвого сина.

vs.

Вони запросили своїх друзів іїхнього сина.

Declension

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Declension ofder (relative pronoun)
singularplural
mfn
nominativederdiedasdie
genitivedessenderen
derer
dessenderen
derer
dativedemderdemdenen
accusativedendiedasdie

Further reading

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  • “Demonstrativ­­pronomen: „deren“ oder „derer“?”, inDuden[1], August 2024 (last accessed), archived fromthe original on21 October 2021
  • Dr. Bopp (2018), “Zwei Wörter, aufgrund deren/derer manche ins Zweifeln geraten”, inLeo (the blog)[2] (in German), archived fromthe original on26 August 2020, retrieved August 2024

Middle Dutch

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Etymology

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FromOld Dutchderen, fromProto-West Germanic*darjan.

Verb

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dēren

  1. toharm, tohurt
  2. tohurtemotionally
  3. todamage

Inflection

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Conjugation ofdēren (weak)
infinitivebase formdēren
genitivedērens
dativedērene
indicativesubjunctive
presentpastpresentpast
1st person singulardēredēre
2nd person singulardēers,dēresdēers,dēres
3rd person singulardēert,dēretdēre
1st person pluraldērendēren
2nd person pluraldēert,dēretdēert,dēret
3rd person pluraldērendēren
imperative
singulardēer,dēre
pluraldēert,dēret
presentpast
participledērende

Alternative forms

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Descendants

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Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Englishderian, fromProto-West Germanic*darjan, from*daru(injury) +‎*-jan; bysurface analysis,dere(harm) +‎-en(infinitive suffix).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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deren (third-person singular simple presentdereth,present participlederende,derynge,first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participledered)(poetic)

  1. (ambitransitive) Todamage orharm:
    1. Toinjure orhurt; toharm thebody.
    2. Toscare orfrighten; tocausefear.
  2. (transitive) Tostop orprevent.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofderen (weak in -ed)
infinitive(to)deren,dere
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularderedered
2nd-personsingularderestderedest
3rd-personsingularderethdered
subjunctivesingulardere
imperativesingular
plural1deren,deredereden,derede
imperativepluraldereth,dere
participlesderynge,derendedered,ydered

1 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

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References

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Old Dutch

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*darjan.

Verb

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deren

  1. toharm, tohurt
    • Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible, early 12th century;
      Unson lichamen maht tudaren, the sielen solen zo genathen uaren.
      You canhurt our bodies, the souls will go to (the state of) grace.
  2. todamage

Inflection

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Conjugation ofderen (weak class 1)
infinitivederen
indicativepresentpast
1st person singulardero,deronderida
2nd person singularderisderidos
3rd person singularderitderida
1st person pluralderunderidon
2nd person pluralderitderidot
3rd person pluralderuntderidon
subjunctivepresentpast
1st person singularderederidi
2nd person singularderisderidis
3rd person singularderederidi
1st person pluralderinderidin
2nd person pluralderitderidit
3rd person pluralderinderidin
imperativepresent
singularderi
pluralderit
participlepresentpast
derendiderit,giderit

Descendants

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See also

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Further reading

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  • deren”, inOudnederlands Woordenboek,2012

Sora

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Etymology

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de +-ren ("forest")

Pronunciation

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Noun

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deren

  1. horn
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=deren&oldid=88340133"
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