2015 November 12, Bu Kerry Chan Laddaran, “Pidgin English now an official language of Hawaii”, inCNN[1]:
Pidgin is a combination of expressions and phrases that are recognizable to those who speak it. To non-Pidgin speakers, it may sound like slang. For example, “dat” means that and “fadda” means father or dad.
In Afrikaans the use ofthat is optional, as in English, but it is somewhat more commonly retained than in English usage. If a clause is introduced bydat, the clause follows the verb-final word order of subordinate clauses. Ifdat is absent, the clause observes the word order of main clauses, leading to the following contrast in syntax:
“dat” inMartalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974),Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
In Dutch the use ofthat is mandatory, with the following clause using the verb-final word order of subordinate clauses:Zij wistdat de lijkbidder te laat zou komen. (“She knewthat the undertaker would arrive too late.”) A rare exception is found in some marginal slang contexts, that are often heavily influenced by English and where the conjunction is sometimes omitted.
Ciachir, Mihail (1938), “dat”, inDicționar gagauzo (tiurco)–român pentru gagauzii din Basarabia (in Romanian), Chișinău, page39
Kopuşçu M. İ. , Todorova S. A. , Kiräkova T.İ., editors (2019), “dat”, inGagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 5-12, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi,→ISBN, page50
Çebotar, Petri; Dron, Ion (2002), “dat”, inGagauzça-Rusça-Romınca Sözlük [Gagauz-Russian-Romanian Dictionary], Chișinău: Pontos Press,→ISBN, page181
Baboglu, N. İ.; Baboglu, İ. İ. (1993), “дат”, inGagauzça-Rusça hem Rusça Gagauzça Şkola Sözlüü [Gagauz-Russian and Russian-Gagauz School Dictionary], Chișinău: Vivat,→ISBN, page24
Mavrodi M. F., editor (2019), “dat”, inGagauzça-rusça sözlük: klaslar 1-4, Komrat: Gagauziya M.V. Maruneviç adına Bilim-Aaraştırma merkezi,→ISBN, page26
N. A Baskakov, editor (1972), “дат”, inGagauzsko-Russko-Moldavskij Slovarʹ [Gagauz-Russian-Moldovan Dictionary], Moskva: Izdatelʹstvo Sovetskaja Enciklopedija,→ISBN, page134
Although found in the native dialects throughout northern and western Germany, the near-exclusive use ofdat in colloquial standard German is most typical of the West (chieflyNorth Rhine-Westphalia andRhineland-Palatinate). In the other areas the formsdat anddas are used in free variation. In Berlin, the formdit (local form ofthis) often has replaceddat.
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Friedrich Woeste,Märkische Schreckmärchen, in:Monatsschrift für rheinisch-westfälische Geschichtsforschung und Altertumskunde, edited by Richard Pick, vol. 1, Bonn, 1875, p. 487–489, here p. 487, in nr. 1De dicke Nunne:
As dai Lü saiht19,dat se vüar dem Spouke nitt mär sloapen könt, do trecket20 se uut dem Hüseken un saüket21 sick ne annere Wuǝninge. 19. sehen. 20. ziehen. 21. suchen.
Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008),Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
