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dún

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "dun"

Icelandic

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Noun

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dún

  1. indefiniteaccusativesingular ofdúnn

Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Irishdún, fromProto-Celtic*dūnom(stronghold).

Noun

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dún m (genitive singulardúinordúna,nominative pluraldúntaordúnaordúinte)

  1. fort;fortress
  2. place ofrefuge,haven
  3. (secure)residence,house
  4. promontory fort;bluff
Declension
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Declension ofdún (first declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeandúnnadúnta
genitiveandúinnandúnta
dativeleis andún
dondún
leis nadúnta
Alternative declension
Declension ofdún (third declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeandúnnadúna
genitiveandúnanandún
dativeleis andún
dondún
leis nadúna

Alternative plural:dúinte

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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FromOld Irishdúnaid,dúinid(shuts, closes; blocks, obstructs; joins, clasps; closes, ends).

Verb

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dún (present analyticdúnann,future analyticdúnfaidh,verbal noundúnadh,past participledúnta)

  1. (ambitransitive)close,shut
    Synonyms:(Ulster)druid,iaigh
    Antonym:oscail
  2. (ambitransitive)draw together;secure,fasten
Conjugation
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conjugation ofdún (first conjugation – A)
verbal noundúnadh
past participledúnta
tensesingularpluralrelativeautonomous
firstsecondthirdfirstsecondthird
indicative
presentdúnaimdúnann tú;
dúnair
dúnann sé, sídúnaimiddúnann sibhdúnann siad;
dúnaid
adhúnann; adhúnas /
andúnann*
dúntar
pastdhún mé;dhúnasdhún tú;dhúnaisdhún sé, sídhúnamar;dhún muiddhún sibh;dhúnabhairdhún siad;dhúnadaradhún /
ardhún*
dúnadh
past habitualdhúnainn /ndúnainn‡‡dhúntá /ndúntᇇdhúnadh sé, sí /ndúnadh sé, s퇇dhúnaimis;dhúnadh muid /ndúnaimis‡‡;ndúnadh muid‡‡dhúnadh sibh /ndúnadh sibh‡‡dhúnaidís;dhúnadh siad /ndúnaidís‡‡;ndúnadh siad‡‡adhúnadh /
andúnadh*
dhúntaí /ndúnta퇇
futuredúnfaidh mé;
dúnfad
dúnfaidh tú;
dúnfair
dúnfaidh sé, sídúnfaimid;
dúnfaidh muid
dúnfaidh sibhdúnfaidh siad;
dúnfaid
adhúnfaidh; adhúnfas /
andúnfaidh*
dúnfar
conditionaldhúnfainn /ndúnfainn‡‡dhúnfá /ndúnfᇇdhúnfadh sé, sí /ndúnfadh sé, s퇇dhúnfaimis;dhúnfadh muid /ndúnfaimis‡‡;ndúnfadh muid‡‡dhúnfadh sibh /ndúnfadh sibh‡‡dhúnfaidís;dhúnfadh siad /ndúnfaidís‡‡;ndúnfadh siad‡‡adhúnfadh /
andúnfadh*
dhúnfaí /ndúnfa퇇
subjunctive
presentgondúna mé;
gondúnad
gondúna tú;
gondúnair
gondúna sé, sígondúnaimid;
gondúna muid
gondúna sibhgondúna siad;
gondúnaid
gondúntar
pastndúnainnndúntándúnadh sé, síndúnaimis;
ndúnadh muid
ndúnadh sibhndúnaidís;
ndúnadh siad
ndúntaí
imperative
dúnaimdúndúnadh sé, sídúnaimisdúnaigí;
dúnaidh
dúnaidísdúntar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that triggereclipsis

Alternative forms
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Mutation

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Mutated forms ofdún
radicallenitioneclipsis
dúndhúnndún

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Old Irish

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Etymology 1

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FromProto-Celtic*dūnom(stronghold).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dún n (genitivedúinordúine,nominative pluraldúnaordúine)

  1. fort
  2. fortress
Inflection
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Neuter o-stem
singulardualplural
nominativedúnNdúnNdúnL,dúna
vocativedúnNdúnNdúnL,dúna
accusativedúnNdúnNdúnL,dúna
genitivedúinLdúndúnN
dativedúnLdúnaibdúnaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Neuter s-stem
singulardualplural
nominativedúnNdúnNdúineL
vocativedúnNdúnNdúineL
accusativedúnNdúnNdúineL
genitivedúineLdúinedúineN
dativedúinLdúinibdúinib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
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Further reading

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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dún

  1. alternative spelling ofdúnn
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 56a18
      ind roisc du·n-écomnacht-sudún, a Dǽ
      of the eye that yousg have given(to) us, O God

Mutation

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Mutation ofdún
radicallenitionnasalization
dúndún
pronounced with/ð-/
ndún

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

West Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisian*dūn,dūne, borrowed fromMiddle Dutchdune, fromOld Dutchdūn,dūno, fromProto-West Germanic*dūnā.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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dún c (pluraldunen,diminutivedúntsje)

  1. dune

Further reading

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  • dún (I)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011
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