Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

cunning

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Cunning

English

[edit]

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

cunning

Wikipedia

Pronunciation

[edit]

Audio(US): (file)
Rhymes:-ʌnɪŋ
IPA^(key): /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishcunning,kunning,konnyng, alteration of earlierMiddle Englishcunninde,kunnende,cunnand, fromOld Englishcunnende, present participle ofcunnan(“to know how to, be able to”), equivalent tocon +‎-ing. Cognate withScotscunnand(“cunning”),Germankönnend(“able to do”),Icelandickunnandi(“cunning”). More atcon,can.

Adjective

[edit]

cunning (comparativemorecunning,superlativemostcunning)

Sly;crafty;clever insurreptitious behaviour.
Synonyms:seeThesaurus:wily
- 1692–1717,Robert South,Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume(please specify |volume=I to VI), London:
  They are resolved to becunning; let others run the hazard of being sincere.
(obsolete)Skillful,artful.
- 1611,The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],→OCLC,Genesis 25:27:
  Esau was acunning hunter.
- 1611,The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […],→OCLC,Exodus 38:23:
  acunning workman
- c.1601–1602 (date written),William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene v]:
  Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white /Nature's own sweet andcunning hand laid on.
(obsolete) Wrought with, or exhibiting, skill or ingenuity; ingenious.
cunning work
- 1590,Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, inThe Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] forWilliam Ponsonbie,→OCLC, stanza 29:
  Over them Arachne high did lift / Hercunning web.
(Maine, colloquial, dated)Cute,appealing.
- 1857, Barbara H. Channing,The Sisters Abroad, Or, an Italian Journey:
  everybody gives something to thecunning little boy; his eyes are large and soft, and he wears a pointed hat, and tight breeches, and jacket
- 1869–1870,Louisa M[ay] Alcott, chapter XV, inAn Old-Fashioned Girl, Boston, Mass.:Roberts Brothers, published1870,→OCLC:
  “I shan't mind that at all, I like the little house 'cause it's got a garden, and there's acunning room with a three-cornered closet in it that I always wanted.[…]”

Derived terms

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

→ Japanese:カンニング(kanningu,“cheating”)

Translations

[edit]

sly

Arabic:مَاكِر(mākir)
Armenian:խորամանկ (hy)(xoramank)
Belarusian:хі́тры (be)(xítry)
Bulgarian:лука́в (bg)(lukáv),кова́рен (bg)(kováren),хи́тър (bg)(hítǎr)
Catalan:astut (ca),murri (ca),maquiavèl·lic (ca) m
Chinese:
Mandarin:狡猾 (zh)(jiǎohuá),狡詐 /狡诈 (zh)(jiǎozhà),狡黠 (zh)(jiǎoxiá)
Czech:prohnaný,mazaný,vychytralý (cs)
Danish:listig,snedig
Dutch:sluw (nl),doortrapt (nl),geslepen (nl),leep (nl)
Esperanto:ruza (eo)
Finnish:ovela (fi),kiero (fi)
French:rusé (fr)
Galician:renarte,tréfego m,xistrón m,solerte,sangual,pillabán (gl) m,prosmeiro m,arteiro (gl) m,galdrido m,matreiro m
Georgian:ცბიერი(cbieri),მზაკვრული(mzaḳvruli),ქვეშქვეშა(kveškveša),ეშმაკი(ešmaḳi)
German:gerissen (de),schlau (de),listig (de),durchtrieben (de),hinterlistig (de),abgefeimt (de),listenreich,gefinkelt (de),gefitzt (de)
Gothic:𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃(listeigs)
Greek:
Ancient Greek:κίδαφος(kídaphos),πυκνός(puknós)
Hungarian:ravasz (hu),dörzsölt (hu),csalafinta (hu),cseles (hu),alattomos (hu)
Ingrian:veekas,kavala
Irish:glic
Italian:furbo (it),astuto (it)
Japanese:狡猾な (ja)(こうかつな, kōkatsu na)
Korean:교활하다 (ko)(gyohwalhada)
Kott:āru
Latin:vafer,callidus,versūtus
Latvian:viltīgs m
Lithuanian:gudrus m
Norman:rusé(Jersey)
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic:хꙑтръ(xytrŭ),лѫкавъ(lǫkavŭ)
Old English:ġēaplīċ
Persian:مکار (fa)(makkâr),رند (fa)(rend)
Polish:chytry (pl) m,cwany (pl) m,przebiegły (pl) m,sprytny (pl) m
Portuguese:astuto (pt),esperto (pt),matreiro (pt)
Romanian:viclean (ro) m,șiret (ro) m
Russian:хи́трый (ru)(xítryj),лука́вый (ru)(lukávyj),кова́рный (ru)(kovárnyj),проны́рливый (ru)(pronýrlivyj),до́шлый (ru)(dóšlyj)
Sanskrit:धूर्त (sa)(dhūrta)
Scottish Gaelic:seòlta
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic:лукав,препреден,подмукао
Latin:lukav (sh),prepreden (sh),podmukao (sh)
Slovak:mazaný,prefíkaný (sk)
Slovene:zvit (sl)
Spanish:astuto (es),pillo (es),listo (es),cuco (es),pícaro (es),artero (es),taimado (es),perillán (es)(colloquial)
Swedish:slug (sv),listig (sv)
Tagalog:tuso
Thai:เหลี่ยม (th)(lìiam)
Turkish:
Ottoman Turkish:قورناز(kurnaz),آصمق(asmak)
Ukrainian:хи́трий(xýtryj),лука́вий(lukávyj)
Uzbek:ayyor (uz)
Vietnamese:xảo quyệt (vi),xảo trá (vi),láu lỉnh (vi)

skillful

Bulgarian:сръчен (bg)(srǎčen),изкусен (bg)(izkusen)
Catalan:astut (ca),murri (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin:巧妙 (zh)(qiǎomiào)
Czech:šikovný (cs),obratný (cs)
Dutch:handig (nl),bedreven (nl)
Finnish:ovela (fi),taitava (fi)
French:talentueux (fr) m
Georgian:ცბიერი(cbieri)
German:geschickt (de),gewandt (de),ausgefuchst (de),gewitzt (de),gewieft (de),clever (de),schlau (de),gefinkelt (de),ausgeklügelt (de),gefinkelt (de),gefitzt (de)
Greek:
Ancient Greek:στρεβλός(streblós)
Hungarian:ügyes (hu)
Italian:ingegnoso (it)
Japanese:狡猾な (ja)(こうかつな, kōkatsu na),巧妙な (ja)(こうみょうな, kōmyō na)
Latin:callidus
Persian:گربز (fa)(gorbez)
Polish:umiejętny (pl) m,wprawny (pl) m,zręczny (pl) m
Portuguese:astuto (pt),esperto (pt)
Romanian:priceput (ro) m
Russian:уме́лый (ru)(umélyj),иску́сный (ru)(iskúsnyj),ло́вкий (ru)(lóvkij)
Scottish Gaelic:seòlta
Slovak:chytrý
Spanish:astuto (es),ingenioso (es)
Telugu:నేర్పరి (te)(nērpari)

cute

Czech:rozkošný,milý (cs),sladký (cs)
Spanish:cuco (es),mono (es)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

French:^{(pleaseverify)}rusé (fr),^{(pleaseverify)}astucieux (fr),^{(pleaseverify)}malin (fr)
Ido:^{(pleaseverify)}ruzema (io)
Japanese:^{(pleaseverify)}悪賢い (ja)(わるがしこい, warugashikoi)
Norman:^{(pleaseverify)}malîn(Jersey)
Norwegian:^{(pleaseverify)}listig,^{(pleaseverify)}snedig,^{(pleaseverify)}slu
Old English:^{(pleaseverify)}ġēap
Telugu:^{(pleaseverify)}జిత్తులమారి (te)(jittulamāri)

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishcunning,kunnyng, partially fromOld English*cunning(verbal noun), fromOld Englishcunnan(“to know how to, be able to”); partially fromOld Englishcunnung(“knowledge, trial, probation, experience, contact, carnal knowledge”), fromcunnian(“to search into, try, test, seek for, explore, investigate, experience, have experience of, to make trial of, know”), equivalent tocon +‎-ing.

Noun

[edit]

cunning (countable anduncountable,pluralcunnings)

Practical knowledge orexperience;aptitude in performance;skill,proficiency;dexterity.
- 2005,Plato, translated by Lesley Brown,Sophist, page236d:
  indeed at this very moment he's slipped away with the utmostcunning into a form that's most perplexing to investigate.
Practical skill employed in a secret or crafty manner;craft;artifice; skillfuldeceit;art ormagic.
- 1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene ii]:
  Caliban: As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer that by hiscunning hath cheated me of the island.
The disposition to employ one's skill in anartful manner;craftiness;guile;artifice; skill of being cunning, sly,conniving, or deceitful.
The naturalwit orinstincts of an animal.
thecunning of the fox or hare
(obsolete)Knowledge;learning; special knowledge (sometimes implying occult or magical knowledge).