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commune

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Commune

English

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishcommune,comune, fromOld Frenchcomune,commune, fromMedieval Latincommūnia, fromLatincommūne(community, state), fromcommūnis(common).Doublet ofcomune. See alsocommunity,communion,common.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

commune (countable anduncountable,pluralcommunes)

  1. A smallcommunity, oftenrural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in thedivision of labour; the members of such a community.
    • 1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor,The Rustication of Urban Youth in China[1], published2015,→ISBN,→LCCN,→OCLC,→OL,page148:
      The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that "educated youths must go to the villages," has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths incommune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.
  2. Alocalpoliticaldivision in manyEuropean countries as well as their former colonies (such asChile andVietnam).
  3. (obsolete) Thecommonalty; the common people.
  4. (uncountable, obsolete)Communion;sympatheticconversation between friends.
  5. (historical) Aself-governingcity orleague ofcitizens.
    • 1997, David Nicholas,The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century,→ISBN,page161:
      In 1117 thecommune and archbishop had separate consuls at Milan.
Derived terms
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Translations
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small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community
local political division in many European countries and their former colonies
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishcommunen,comunen, fromOld Frenchcomunier,communier(to share), fromLatincommūnico.Doublet ofcommunicate.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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commune (third-person singular simple presentcommunes,present participlecommuning,simple past and past participlecommuned)

  1. To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel.
  2. (intransitive, followed bywith) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); tocontemplate orabsorb.
    He spent a week in the backcountry,communing with nature.
  3. (Christianity, intransitive) To receive thecommunion.
    • 1681,Gilbert Burnet, “[A Collection of Records, and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Second Part of the History of the Reformation of the Church of England.] Book I.”, inThe History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Second Part, [], London: [] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, [],→OCLC,page207:
      Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none shouldcommune alone, in making the People whole Communers, or in suffering them to Commune under both kinds[]

Dutch

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Dutchcommune, fromOld Frenchcommune, fromLatincommunia.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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commune f (pluralcommunes,diminutivecommunetje n)

  1. acommune(community living together with common property)

Descendants

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French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Borrowed fromMedieval Latincommunia, neuter plural ofcommunis.

Noun

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commune f (pluralcommunes)

  1. commune (administrative subdivision)
Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Adjective

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commune

  1. femininesingular ofcommun

Further reading

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Italian

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Adjective

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commune (pluralcommuni)

  1. (obsolete)Alternative form ofcomune

Noun

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commune m (pluralcommuni)

  1. (obsolete)Alternative form ofcomune

Derived terms

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Latin

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Noun

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commūne n (genitivecommūnis);third declension

  1. joint,common orpublicproperty andrights
  2. publicplaces andinterests
  3. commonfeature,characteristic,generalrule orterms
  4. general
  5. (Medieval Latin)league orcorporation ofcitizens
  6. (Medieval Latin) a universaltax

Declension

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Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).

singularplural
nominativecommūnecommūnia
genitivecommūniscommūnium
dativecommūnīcommūnibus
accusativecommūnecommūnia
ablativecommūnīcommūnibus
vocativecommūnecommūnia

Adjective

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commūne

  1. nominative/accusative/vocativeneutersingular ofcommūnis

References

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  • commune”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • commune”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "commune", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • commune inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894)Latin Phrase-Book[2], London:Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) we know from experience:usu rerum (vitae, vitae communis) edocti sumus
    • (ambiguous) unanimously:uno, communi, summo oromnium consensu (Tusc. 1. 15. 35)
    • (ambiguous) the ordinary usage of language, everyday speech:communis sermonis consuetudo
    • (ambiguous) to be always considering what people think:multum communi hominum opinioni tribuere
  • Online Latin dictionary, Olivetti

Middle English

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Noun

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commune

  1. commons;citizenry
    • late 14th century,Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale,The Canterbury Tales, line 69-70:
      [...]Biloved and drad, thurgh favour of fortune,
      Bothe of his lordes and of hiscommune.
      [...] Beloved and feared, through favor of fortune,
      Both by his lords and by hiscitizenry.
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