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co

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "co"andсо

Languages (32)

Translingual • English

Czech • Dalmatian • Dumbea • Esperanto • Fijian • Gagauz • Galician • Gallo • Ido • Irish • Kashubian • Khumi Chin • Ladin • Lower Sorbian • Macanese • Middle Irish • Norman • Northern Kurdish • Old Irish • Old Polish • Polish • Portuguese • Romansch • Silesian • Spanish • Venetan • Vietnamese • West Makian • Wutunhua • Yola

Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Clipping ofEnglishCorsican, fromLatinCorsica.

Symbol

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(international standards)ISO 639-1 language code forCorsican.

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia

co (pluralcos)

(colloquial)Clipping ofcompany.
(Stenoscript)Abbreviation ofcompany,companies, oretc..

Alternative forms

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co.,Co,Co.

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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Coined by feminist writer Mary Orovan in 1970; in common usage inintentional communities of theFederation of Egalitarian Communities.^[1]^[2]

Pronoun

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co (third-person singular, gender-neutral,reflexivecoself)

(nonstandard)Gender-neutral subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronounshe andshe.
- 1983, Ingrid Komar,Living the Dream: A Documentary Study of Twin Oaks Community:
  Co consistently does less thancos share of the Community work. 4.Co absentscoself from the Community for more than three weeks [...]
- 1996, Beemyn, Brett; Elianon, Mickey,Queer studies: A Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Anthology‎^[5],page74:
  At the very least, an individual might have to use different terms to describecoself in a heterosexual context thanco uses in a sexual minority context and different terms in a Euro-American cultural context than in other racial and ethnic contexts.
- 2004 April 1, Pieira dos Lobos, “Fern's Story two”, inalt.magick.serious (Usenet):
  A youngster of my own introduction had been rejected by an object of preadolescent craving and had killedcoself by leaping at the ceiling of co's quarters.Co was a rising Large Game star, her spring was powerful, our gravity flux was low - co's head struck the surface with enough force to kill on impact.
(nonstandard)Gender-neutral object pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronounshim andher.

Derived terms

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References

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^Dennis Baron (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “The Epicene Pronouns”, inIllinois University‎^[1]
^Jim Kingdon (22 June 2010 (last accessed)), “Gender-free Pronouns in English”, inPanix‎^[2]

Anagrams

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Oc,O. C.,oc,Oc.,O.C.,OC

Czech

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Etymology

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Inherited fromOld Czechčso

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈt͡so]
Audio: (file)

Pronoun

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co n

what
Co se děje? ―What's up?
Co se stalo? ―What happened?

Declension

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Declension ofco (sg-only inanimate pronoun)

	singular
nominative	co
genitive	čeho
dative	čemu
accusative	co
vocative	—
locative	čem
instrumental	čím

Conjunction

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that
Od té doby,co jsme spolu… ―Since we’ve been together… (literally, “Since the timethat we’ve been together…”)
what
Ví,co chce. ―He knowswhat he wants.

Particle

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(indeclinable)isn't it so, don't you think?
To je pěkné,co? ―That’s nice,isn’t it?

Derived terms

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Dalmatian

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Etymology

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FromLatinquod.

Pronoun

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what

Dumbea

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /soː/

Noun

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water

References

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Leenhardt, M. (1946),Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDuᵐbea" in Greenhill, S.J.,Blust, R., &Gray, R.D. (2008).The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics.Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.
Shintani, T.L.A. & Païta, Y. (1990),Dictionnaire de la langue de Païta,Nouméa: Sociéte d'etudes historiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie. Cited in: "Drubea" in Greenhill, S.J.,Blust, R., &Gray, R.D. (2008).The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics.Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.

Esperanto

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /t͡so/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-o
Hyphenation: co

Noun

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co (accusative singularco-on,pluralco-oj,accusative pluralco-ojn)

The name of theLatin-script letterC/c.

Fijian

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Noun

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grass

Gagauz

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Conjunction

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obsolete spelling ofko

Galician

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Etymology

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From contraction of prepositioncon(“with”) + masculine definite articleo(“the”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈkoː/

Contraction

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co m (femininecoa,masculine pluralcos,feminine pluralcoas)

with the

References

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“con”, inDicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña:Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Gallo

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchcoc.

Noun

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co m

rooster,cockerel,cock

Ido

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /t͡so/

Pronoun

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co (pluralci)

alternative form ofico(“this”)

Irish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /kɔ/^[1]

Adverb

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Ulster form ofchomh

References

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^Quiggin, E. C. (1906),A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 329, page114

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European*kʷís

Proto-Balto-Slavic*ki

Proto-Slavic*čь

Proto-Indo-European*só

Proto-Balto-Slavic*tas

Proto-Slavic*tъ

Proto-Slavic*čьto

Kashubianco

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*čьto.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɔ/
Rhymes:-ɔ
Syllabification:co

Pronoun

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interrogative pronoun;what?
relative pronoun; thatwhat...,which,that

Declension

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Declension ofco
	singular
nominative	co
genitive	czegò
dative	czemù
accusative	co
instrumental	czim
locative	czim

Khumi Chin

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /so˥/

Noun

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Northern Khumi form ofcaw

References

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D. A. Peterson (2013), “Aesthetic aspects of Khumi grammar”, inThe Aesthetics of Grammar, Cambridge University Press, page220

Ladin

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Conjunction

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than(used in comparisons)

Adverb

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how(in what manner)
how(in what state)

Derived terms

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coche

Lower Sorbian

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Alternative forms

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zo(obsolete)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /t͡sɔ/

Etymology 1

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FromProto-Slavic*čьto, fromProto-Indo-European*kʷid,*kʷís.

Pronoun

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what(interrogative)

Declension

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Declension ofco

Case	Form
Nominative	co
Genitive	cogo
Dative	comu
Accusative	co
Instrumental	cym
Locative	com

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Verb

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third-person singular present ofkśěś

Macanese

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromPortuguesecom.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /kɔ/

Preposition

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with
nhonhaco fula ―the girlwith the flower
to,at
Já gritâco iou ―He shoutedat me

Conjunction

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and
iouco vôs ―meand you

Usage notes

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co is not very commonly used to connect two clauses. More often, related clauses are simply listed one after the other with no connectives, or connected with pronouns such asqui orquelóra.

Middle Irish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishco, fromProto-Celtic*kʷos.

Preposition

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co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

to,toward
- c.1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, inErnst Windisch, editor,Irische Texte, volume 1, published1800, section1:
  Ro·ferad failte friu uile, ocus ructhachucisium isin mbruidin.
  They were all made welcome and brought to him in the hall.

Inflection

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Forms combined with an object pronoun

1st person singular:chucum,chucom,cucom,cugam
- emphatic:chucumsa,chucomso,cucomsa,cugamsa
2nd person singular:chucut
- emphatic:chucutsu
3rd person singular masculine:chuc(a)i,cuc(a)i,chu(i)ce,cuce
- emphatic:c(h)ucisium
3rd person singular feminine:chu(i)cci
1st person plural:cucain(n),chucaind,chucund,cucund
- emphatic:cucainni,cucainne
3rd person plural:c(h)ucu,chucco,cuco,c(h)uca),c(h)uctu,chucta

Forms combined with the definite article:

cos(s)in,cus(s)in(d)(masculine/feminine singular)
cos(s)a(neuter singular)
cusna(plural)

Forms combined with the relative particle:

cos(s)a

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

1st person singular:com
2nd person singular:cot
3rd person:coa,ca

Descendants

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Irish:chuig,chun,go
Scottish Gaelic:gu,chun

Norman

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Frenchcolp,coup, fromVulgar Latin*colpus, from ClassicalLatincolaphus(“blow with the fist; cuff”), fromAncient Greekκόλαφος(kólaphos,“blow, slap”).

Noun

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co m (pluralcos)

(Jersey)blow

Alternative forms

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coup

Derived terms

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Etymology 2

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FromOld Frenchcoq,coc.

Noun

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co m (pluralcos)

(Jersey)cockerel

Derived terms

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co journieaux

Etymology 3

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FromOld Frenchcol, fromLatincollum(“neck”).

Noun

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co m (pluralcos)

(Jersey, Guernsey, Normandy, anatomy)neck

Alternative forms

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ko(Sark)

Northern Kurdish

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Alternative forms

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cihok

Etymology

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ComparePersianجوی(juy) orPersianجو(ju).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /d͡ʒoː/

Noun

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co m

ditch,trench,channel,canal,duct,fosse,aqueduct,sluice

Derived terms

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cobar

Old Irish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ko/

Etymology 1

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FromProto-Celtic*kom, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱóm(“next to, at, with, along”).^[1] Cognate withGermange-(“with”) (collective prefix) andgegen(“toward, against”),Englishgain-,Spanishcon(“with”).

Preposition

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co (takes the dative,triggers nasalization)(abbreviatedɔ)

with

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:co.

Inflection

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Usually the inflected forms ofla are used instead.

Inflection ofco
	Person:		normal
singular	first
	second
	third m or n	dative	cono
	third m or n	accusative
	third f	dative
	third f	accusative

plural	first
	second
	third	dative
	third	accusative

Forms combined with the definite article:

cosind(dative singular)
cosnaib(dative plural)

Combinations with possessive determiners:

com(1st person singular)
cut,cot(2nd person singular)
cona(3rd person singular)

Synonyms

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Descendants

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Middle Irish:co

Etymology 2

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FromProto-Indo-European*kʷóbʰi or*kʷódʰi.^[2]

Adverb

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how?
Co·bbia mo ḟechtas?
How will my expedition be?

Usage notes

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The adverb is followed by the dependent form of the verb, which is neither nasalized nor lenited.

Derived terms

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cote

Etymology 3

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FromProto-Celtic*kʷuts(“to, towards”), cognate withMiddle Welshpy(“to”). This may be fromProto-Italo-Celtic*kuts ‘some (of the) way’, whenceLatinus-quam(“somewhere”),us-que(“all of the way”), andOscan𐌐𐌖𐌆(puz,“as, that”,conjunction).^[3]^[4]^[5] See Proto-Indo-European*kú(“where”).

The inflected forms on the other hand are from Proto-Celtic*kʷunkʷe ←*kʷum +‎*-kʷe, for which compareProto-Slavic*kъ(n)(“to, towards”).

Preposition

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co (takes the accusative; triggers h-prothesis before vowels)

to,toward
up to,until
used with the neuter accusative singular of an adjective to form an adverb:-ly^[6]

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:co.

Inflection

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Inflection ofco
	Person:		normal	emphatic
singular	first		cuc(c)um	cuc(c)umsa
	second		cuc(c)ut	cuc(c)utsu
	third m or n	dative
	third m or n	accusative	cuc(c)i,cuc(c)ai	cuc(c)isom,cuc(c)isom
	third f	dative
	third f	accusative	cuic(c)e,cuc(c)e

plural	first		cuc(c)unn
	second		cuc(c)uib	cuc(c)uibsi
	third	dative
	third	accusative	cuc(c)u

Forms combined with the definite article:

cos(s)in(masculine/feminine singular)
cos(s)a(neuter singular)
cosna(plural)

Forms combined with the relative particle:

cos(s)a

Derived terms

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cosse

Descendants

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Middle Irish:co,go
- Irish:chuig,chun,go
- Scottish Gaelic:gu,chun

Conjunction

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co (triggers nasalization,followed by the prototonic or conjunct form of a verb,may be followed by an infixed pronoun)(abbreviatedɔ)

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:co.

Usage notes

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A lenitingco that takes absolute and deuterotonic forms is also attested in the glosses only.

Alternative forms

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Synonyms

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Derived terms

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coní(“so that…not”)(corresponding to the nasalizing conjunction)
conna(“so that…not”)(corresponding to the leniting conjunction)

Descendants

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Irish:go
Scottish Gaelic:gu
Manx:dy

References

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^Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kom”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden:Brill,→ISBN,page213
^Dunkel, George E. (2014),Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter,→ISBN, page463
^Kim McCone (1993), “Varia II. Old Irishco,cucci ‘as far as (him, it)’ and Latinusque ‘as far as’”, inÉriu‎^[3], volume44, retrieved31 May 2024, pages171-76
^Dunkel, George E. (2014), “?kúth₂-s”, inLexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter,→ISBN, page439
^Untermann, Jürgen (2000), “O.u.puz”, inWörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter,→ISBN, pages627-28
^Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909],D. A. Binchy andOsborn Bergin, transl.,A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation ofHandbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German),→ISBN,§ 381, page239; reprinted2017

Old Polish

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE)/t͡sʲɔ/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE)/t͡sʲɔ/

Pronoun

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co n

alternative form ofczso

Conjunction

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alternative form ofczso

Particle

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alternative form ofczso

Polish

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Etymology

[edit]

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European*kʷís der.

Proto-Slavic*česo

Old Polishczso

Polishco

Inherited fromOld Polishczso.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɔ/

(Middle Polish)IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɔ/
(Greater Poland):
- (Kuyavia)IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɔ/

Audio 1: (file)
Audio 2: (file)
Audio 3: (file)
Rhymes:-ɔ
Syllabification:co
Homophone:co-

Pronoun

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co n

interrogative pronoun;what
Co to?
What is that?
pronoun for introducing asubordinate clause that narrows the scope of themain clause;which,that;what;who
Znam takiego gościa,co ma konia.
I know a guythat has a horse.
pronoun that attaches arelative clause to themain clause;which,that;what;who
Ta kobieta,co mieszkała w tym mieszkaniu, wyjechała do Niemiec.
That woman,who lived in that apartment, moved to Germany.
(colloquial)relative pronoun
Jakość będzie równa temu,co zapłacisz.
The quality will be equal towhatever you pay.
(colloquial)why
Co ona taka smutna?
Why is she so sad?

Declension

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Declension ofco

	singular
nominative	co
genitive	czego
dative	czemu
accusative	co
instrumental	czym
locative	czym
vocative	co

Derived terms

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adverbs

particles

pronouns

co za

Related terms

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pronouns

Trivia

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According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),co is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 207 times in scientific texts, 81 times in news, 219 times in essays, 465 times in fiction, and 1252 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 2224 times, making it the 19th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

Preposition

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every(referring to frequency)
co drugi dzień ―every other day
co miesiąc ―every month
co rok ―every year, annually

Derived terms

[edit]

co drugi

Related terms

[edit]

prefix

Trivia

[edit]

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),co is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 8 times in scientific texts, 10 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 16 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 77 times, making it the 836th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[2]

Conjunction

[edit]

as
Ma ten sam rowerco ja.
He has the same bikeas me.
(Kuyavia)synonym ofże

Trivia

[edit]

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),co is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 14 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 10 times in essays, 33 times in fiction, and 73 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 134 times, making it the 450th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[3]

Particle

[edit]

used as atag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said
Interesujące,co?
Interesting, isn't it?

Trivia

[edit]

References

[edit]

^Ida Kurcz (1990), “co”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page56
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “co”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page56
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “co”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page56
^Ida Kurcz (1990), “co”, inSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page56

Portuguese

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Alternative forms

[edit]

c'o(pre-standardization spelling, now proscribed)

Etymology

[edit]

Fromecthlipsis ofcom, followed bycrasis.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ku/

Hyphenation:co

Contraction

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co (femininecoaor(colloquial)ca,masculine pluralcos,feminine pluralcoasor(colloquial)cas)

(colloquial or poetic)contraction ofcom o m sg(“with the(masculine singular)”)

Romansch

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Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLatinquam orquod.

Conjunction

[edit]

(Vallader)than

Silesian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European*kʷís der.

Proto-Slavic*česo

Old Polishczso

Silesianco

Inherited fromOld Polishczso.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈt͡sɔ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes:-ɔ
Syllabification:co

Pronoun

[edit]

co n

(interrogative)what
Coś kupiōł? ―What did you buy?
(relative)that
Te zoki,coch ci je bez zimã kupiyła. ―Those socksthat I bought you in winter.
(interrogative)why,what for
Co ty mi sie sam po chałupie smykŏsz? ―What are you having a stroll around my housefor?

Declension

[edit]

Declension ofco
	singular
nominative	co
genitive	czego
dative	czymu
accusative	co
instrumental	czym
locative	czym

Conjunction

[edit]

(proscribed)coordinating conjunction;that
Synonym:(prescribed)że

Preposition

[edit]

every(referring to frequency)

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /ˈko/[ˈko]
Rhymes:-o
Syllabification:co

Noun

[edit]

co m (pluralcos)

(Aragon, colloquial)dude,friend

Related terms

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

misspelling ofcó

Venetan

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLatincum. CompareItaliancon.

Preposition

[edit]

with,together

Vietnamese

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

(Hà Nội)IPA^(key): [kɔ˧˧]
(Huế)IPA^(key): [kɔ˧˧]
(Saigon)IPA^(key): [kɔ˧˧]

Verb

[edit]

toshrink (to becomesmaller)
Antonym:phồng

West Makian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /t͡ʃo/

Verb

[edit]

(transitive) tosee

Conjugation

[edit]

Conjugation ofco (action verb)
		singular	plural
		singular	inclusive	exclusive
1st person		toco	moco	aco
2nd person		noco	foco
3rd person	inanimate	ico	doco
3rd person	animate	ico	doco
imperative		noco,co	foco,co

Alternative forms

[edit]

coo,cio

References

[edit]

Clemens Voorhoeve (1982),The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[7], Pacific linguistics

Wutunhua

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromTibetanམཚོ(mtsho).

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): [t͡sʰo]

Noun

[edit]

lake

References

[edit]

Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008),Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume466, LINCOM Europa,→ISBN

Yola

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishquethen, fromOld Englishcweþan, fromProto-West Germanic*kweþan.

Pronunciation

[edit]

IPA^(key): /kɔː/,/kwɔː/

Verb

[edit]

quoth,saith
- 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, pages31^[1]:
  Co thou;Co he.
  Quoth thou;Says he.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 1, pages84^[1]:
  Fade teil thee zo lournagh,co Joane, zo knaggee?
  What ails you so melancholy,quoth John, so cross?
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number13, pages90^[1]:
  Ha-ho! be mee coshes, th'ast ee-pait it,co Joane;
  Hey-ho! by my conscience, you have paid it,quoth John;
- 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page129, lines12^[2]:
  "Swingale,"co the umost, "thou liest well a rent,
  "Swindle,"said the other, "you know quite well,
- 1927, “ZONG OF TWI MAARKEET MOANS”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page129, lines14^[2]:
  Thou liest valseco secun that thou an ye thick
  You lie false,said the second, that you and your kid,
- 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page132, lines5^[2]:
  "Faad thay goul ez upa thee, thou stouk"co Billeen,
  "What the divil is on you, you fool?"quoth Billy;
- 1927, “YOLA ZONG O BARONY VORTH”, inTHE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD, page132, lines9^[2]:
  Co Sooney, "Billeen dowstthee zee faads lewer,
  Says Alice "Billy, do you see what's yonder?"

References

[edit]

↑^1.0^1.1^1.2Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867
↑^2.0^2.1^2.2^2.3Kathleen A. Browne (1927), “THE ANCIENT DIALECT OF THE BARONIES OF FORTH AND BARGY, COUNTY WEXFORD.”, inJournal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of lreland (Sixth Series)‎^[4], volume17, number 2, Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland

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