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cloth

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishcloth,clath, fromOld Englishclāþ(cloth, clothes, covering, sail), fromProto-Germanic*klaiþą(garment), perhaps fromProto-Indo-European*gleyt-(to cling to, cleave, stick) (compareAlbanianngjit(to stick, attach, glue)), a form of*gleh₁y-(to smear; to stick). Cognate withScotsclath(cloth),North Frisianklaid(dress, garment),Saterland FrisianKlood(dress, apparel),West Frisiankleed(cloth, article of clothing),Dutchkleed(robe, dress),Low Germankleed(dress, garment),GermanKleid(gown, dress),Danishklæde(cloth, dress),Norwegianklede,Swedishkläde(cloth),Icelandicklæði(cloth, dressing),Old Englishclīþan(to adhere, stick).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cloth (countable anduncountable,pluralclothsor(obsolete)clothes)

  1. (countable, uncountable) Afabric, usually made ofwoven,knitted, orfeltedfibres orfilaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use.
  2. Specifically, atablecloth, especially as spread before a meal or removed afterwards.
  3. (countable) A piece of cloth used for a particular purpose.
    • 1824,The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction:
      The first room the people enter was formerly the Presence Chamber, which is hung completely with black, and at the r-end acloth of estate, with a chair of estate standing upon the Haut-place under the state.
    • 2004, Robin D. Gill,Topsy-turvy 1585,→ISBN:
      The stole is a long scarf-likecloth that hangs around the neck, over the shoulders and down the front of bishops and priests [generally, two-four inches across].
    • 2009, Albert Jackson, David Day,Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to,→ISBN, page80:
      Wipe the surface with acloth dampened with mineral spirits in order to remove the sanding dust, then brush on a full coat of varnish.
  4. (figurative)Substance oressence; thewhole of something complex.
    • 2001, Sang H. Kim,The Art of Harmony: A Guide to Happiness,→ISBN, page14:
      . If we look beyond the chaos of each moment, we cannot help seeing that we are but one glorious thread in thecloth of life.
    • 2004, Thomas D. Hamm,The Quakers in America,→ISBN, page124:
      The disparate threads contained are, in thecloth of a religious society, ready to revolutionize the world and bring the Kingdom of Heaven into its full reality on earth.
    • 2009, John Malcolm Dowling, Chin-Fang Yap,Chronic Poverty in Asia: Causes, Consequences and Policies,→ISBN:
      . The rhythm of life in rural Asia has followed an unchanging pattern from generation to generation and for the chronically poor it is soaked in thecloth of continued deprivation.
    • 2012, R. Tirrell Leonard Jr.,In The Murmuring Trees,→ISBN, page79:
      A wrinkle in thecloth of time, a cry of soft caress and fragrant dreams to weld the metal fabric souls in blends so held in high regards across the lands and sky.
  5. (figurative)Appearance;seeming.
    • 2002, Patricia L. Munhall, Ed Madden, Virginia Macken Fitzsimons,The Emergence of Man Into the 21st Century,→ISBN, page407:
      Like all cultural realities, contemporary modernism is packed with its own myths, its own largely unrecognized metaphors, its own poetics literally perceived -- or should we say, "misperceived"? -- its own reifications and idiosyncratic distinctions. And it comes to us decorated in thecloth of emancipation, a new freedom that would seem to liberate us from those restraints and bonds that were the excretions of an older mindset, an alien political and social order, a rigid and stultifying hierarchy now perceived as riddled with superstition, arbitrary premise, and false conjunction — in contrast, of course, to the liberated mindset that bespeaks our own age!
    • 2007, Kathy Steffen,First, There Is a River,→ISBN:
      Unbelievably, he smiled through his cracked and bleeding lips. A horrible nightmare cloaked in thecloth of good.
    • 2011, Beth Linker,War's Waste: Rehabilitation in World War I America,→ISBN, page148:
      Not until rehabilitation was wrapped in thecloth of wartime patriotism—a program billed as necessary for the welfare of disabled soldiers—did it receive overwhelming congressional support.
    • 2014, Shara Russell,In the Shadow of Faith,→ISBN:
      After being at your beck and call all these years, he wants a woman, not the consummate teen-ager pretending she's a grownup wrapping her flesh in thecloth of her church.
  6. A form of attire that represents a particular profession or status.
    • 1993, Kwame Anthony Appiah,In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture,→ISBN, page185:
      But he could not come in the whitecloth of celebration to a burial service, and he could hardly come in thecloth of mourning to celebrate his two decades on the stool.
    • 2004, Alison Dundes Renteln,The Cultural Defense,→ISBN, page151:
      Wearing thecloth of kings would seem to be an appropriate symbol.
    • 2013, Paul Doherty,The House of Death,→ISBN:
      Occasionally the most fortunate found a jewel, a golden-encrusted dagger, a ring, or some other precious gem which decorated thecloths of glory the Persian chieftains and satraps wore.
    • 2016, Stephen John Goundry,Hot Coals of Fire: The Sanctity of the Ministry,→ISBN:
      The Old Testament Ministers of God, Aaron and his sons, who were the priests, wore special 'cloths of service.' They were dressed in 'holy garments' so that they could stand and offer in the Presence of God, being beautified by them and being enabled through them to perform their sacred duties.
  7. (idiomatic, with definite article) Thepriesthood.
    He is a respected man of thecloth.
    • 2025 June 20, Josephine Gabelman, “Differentiating between career progression and God’s call”, inChurch Times[2]:
      As someone who finds clear shouts of lively encouragement easier to identify than the “still small voice of calm”, like the prairie rodent I scurried off to various members of thecloth to ask how they ascertained their calling.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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fabric
tableclothseetablecloth
piece of cloth for a particular purpose
metaphoric: substance or essence
appearance, seeming
form of attire
priesthood, clergy
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Irish

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishcloth,[1] fromProto-Celtic*klutom (compareWelshclod), nominalization ofProto-Indo-European*ḱlutós(famous), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱlew-(to hear). Cognate withAncient Greekκλυτός(klutós,famous),Sanskritश्रुत(śruta,famous), andEnglishloud.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cloth m (genitive singularcloith,nominative pluralcloith)(literary)

  1. fame,honor
  2. reputation

Declension

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Declension ofcloth (first declension)
forms with thedefinite article
singularplural
nominativeanclothnacloith
genitiveanchloithnagcloth
dativeleis angcloth
donchloth
leis nacloith

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofcloth
radicallenitioneclipsis
clothchlothgcloth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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  1. ^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloth”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishclāþ, fromProto-Germanic*klaiþą.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cloth (pluralclothes orclose)

  1. Cloth; fabric or anindividualpiece of it, especially made by weaving:
    1. Tablelinen; a decorative cloth for the table.
    2. Ablanket or sheet;bedlinen.
    3. Anornamental cloth or carpet with fine detailing.
    4. A specific standardlength orarea of cloth.
    5. A cloth used tofilter orsieve unwanted materials (usually in thekitchen).
    • c.1395,John Wycliffe,John Purvey [et al.], transl.,Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎[3], publishedc.1410,Matheu 3:12,folio 2, recto, column 1; republished asWycliffe's translation of the New Testament,Lichfield: Bill Endres,2010:
      whos wynewingcloþ is in his hond .· ⁊ he ſchal fulli clenſe his coꝛn flooꝛ / and he ſchal gadere his wheete in to his berne .· but þe chaf he ſchal bꝛenne wiþ fier þat mai not be quenchid
      His winnowingfan is in his hand; he'll fully clean his threshing-floor, he'll gather up his wheat into his barn, and he'll burn the chaff with unquenchable fire.
    1. The cloth babies are wrapped in;babywear.
  2. (often in the plural) An item ofclothes; agarment; something to be worn.
  3. Clothes,apparel; what is worn.
    • c.1395,John Wycliffe,John Purvey [et al.], transl.,Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎[4], publishedc.1410,Apocalips 4:4,folio 118, verso, column 1; republished asWycliffe's translation of the New Testament,Lichfield: Bill Endres,2010:
      ⁊ in þe cumpas of þe ſeete.· weren foure ⁊ twentı ſmale ſeetıs ⁊ abouen þe troones foure ⁊ twentı eldere men ſıttynge. hılıd aboute wıþ whıtecloþıs.· ⁊ in þe heedıs of hem golden coꝛouns
      And around the perimeter of the seat there were twenty-four small seats, and on those seats twenty-four elders sat, wearing whiteclothing and having golden crowns on their heads.
  4. (Late Middle English) A bodilytissue orlayer.
  5. (Late Middle English, rare) Anillness or medical condition evident from boils.

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Old Irish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*klutom (compareWelshclod), nominalization ofProto-Indo-European*ḱlutós(famous), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱlew-(to hear). Cognate withAncient Greekκλυτός(klutós,famous),Sanskritश्रुत(śruta,famous), andEnglishloud.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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cloth n (genitivecluith,nominative pluralclotha)

  1. fame,honor
  2. reputation

Declension

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Neuter o-stem
singulardualplural
nominativeclothNclothNclothL,clotha
vocativeclothNclothNclothL,clotha
accusativeclothNclothNclothL,clotha
genitivecluithLclothclothN
dativeclothLclothaibclothaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

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Mutation

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Mutation ofcloth
radicallenitionnasalization
clothchlothcloth
pronounced with/ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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