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chain

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Chainandcháin

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
A metal chain
A chain of daisies
Molecular chain for acrylic

Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishcheyne,chaine, fromOld Frenchchaine,chaene(“chain”), fromLatincatēna(“chain”), fromProto-Indo-European*kat-(“to braid, twist; hut, shed”).Doublet ofcatena.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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chain (pluralchains)

  2. A series ofinterconnected rings orlinks usually made of metal.
    He wore a goldchain around the neck.
    The anchor is connected to the boat with a 100-metre longchain.
  4. Aseries of interconnected things.
    achain of mountains
    achain of ideas, one leading to the next
    This led to an unfortunatechain of events.
  6. A series of stores orbusinesses with the samebrand name.
    Thatchain of restaurants is expanding into our town.
  8. (organic chemistry, physical chemistry) A number of atoms in a series, which combine to form amolecule.
    When examined, the molecularchain included oxygen and hydrogen.
  10. (surveying) A series of interconnected links of known length, used as a measuring device.
  12. (surveying) A longmeasuring tape.
  14. Aunit oflength, exactly equal to 22yards, which is 4rods or 100links, and approximately equal to 20.12metres; the length of aGunter's surveying chain; the length of acricketpitch.
    • 1938,Xavier Herbert, chapter X, inCapricornia‎[1], New York: D. Appleton-Century, published1943, page177:
      "But it's too far—must be a quarter of a mile—and I've a portmanteau to carry."[…]
      "Garn!" shouted the guard. "Taint tenchain.[…]"
  16. (mathematics, set theory, order theory) Atotally ordered set, especially a totally ordered subset of aposet.
    • 2003, Jeremy P. Spinrad,Efficient Graph Representations,American Mathematical Society,page108:
      We first find an approximation of thechain partition, i.e. a small but not minimum size set ofchains which cover all elements of the poset.
  18. (algebraic topology, originally) Aformal sum ofcells in aCW complex of a certaindimensionk (in which case the formal sums are calledk-chains); a formal sum ofsimplices orcubes of a certain dimension in asimplical complex orcubical complex (respectively).
  20. (algebraic topology, homological algebra, more generally) An element of a group (or module) in achain complex.
  22. (British) Asequence of linkedhousepurchases, each of which isdependent on the preceding and succeeding purchase (said to be "broken" if a buyer or sellerpulls out).
  24. That which confines, fetters, or secures; a bond.
    thechains of habit
    • 1667,John Milton, “Book VI”, inParadise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […];[a]nd by Robert Boulter […];[a]nd Matthias Walker, […],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […],1873,→OCLC:
      Driven down / Tochains of darkness and the undying worm.
  26. (nautical, in theplural) Iron links bolted to the side of a vessel to bold the dead-eyes connected with the shrouds; also, the channels.
  28. Alivery collar, achain of office.
    • c.1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe],Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published1592,→OCLC; reprinted asTamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press,1973,→ISBN,Act I, scene ii:
      And gainſt the General we will lift our ſwords
      And either lanch his greedie thirſting throat,
      Or take him priſoner, and hischaine ſhall ſerue
      For Manackles, till he be ranſom’d home.
  30. (weaving) Thewarpthreads of aweb.[1]

Synonyms

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Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Translations

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series of interconnected rings or links
series of interconnected things
that which confines, fetters
series of stores or businesses with the same brand name
number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule
surveying: series of interconnected links as a measuring device
surveying: long measuring tape
unit of length
sequence of linked house purchases
totally ordered subset
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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chain (third-person singular simple presentchains,present participlechaining,simple past and past participlechained)

  1. (transitive) Tofasten something with a chain.
    You shouldchain your bicycle to the railings to protect it from being stolen.
  2. (figurative) To connect as if with a chain, due to dependence, addiction, or other feelings
    Sometimes I feel like I'mchained to this computer.
    She's beenchained to her principles since she was 18, it's unlikely you can convince her otherwise.
  3. (intransitive) Tolink multiple items together.
  4. (transitive) Tosecure someone withfetters.
  5. (transitive) Toobstruct the mouth of ariver etc with a chain.
  6. (figurative) Toobligate.
    • 2017 August 13, Brandon Nowalk, “Oldtown offers one last game-changing secret as Game Of Thrones goes behind enemy lines (newbies)”, inThe Onion AV Club‎[2]:
      I miss when Game Of Thrones was wide open, but even then, the writers werechained to a narrative they didn’t yet know the ending of and feared straying too far from.
  7. (computing) To relatedata items with a chain ofpointers.
  8. (computing) To be chained to another data item.
    • 2016 January 15, Mark Papadakis, “Coroutines and Fibers. Why and When”, inMedium‎[3]:
      You don’t need to maintain state, or partition execution into different objects that then you canchain together (one executes the other on completion —chained continuations).
  9. (transitive) Tomeasure a distance using a 66-foot long chain, as in landsurveying.
    • 1887, Harriet W. Daly,Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page99:
      As the line was surveyed - a sufficient length being firstchained by a surveyor, who was followed by axemen - trees had to be felled and a certain width maintained, which was specified in the contract, for drays had to follow, and the trees might have fallen upon the line and broken it down at the very outset.
  10. (transitive, computing, rare, associated withAcorn Computers) To load and automatically run (a program).
    • 1996, Mr D Walsh, “Running two programs from a batch file”, incomp.sys.acorn.misc (Usenet):
      How do you get one program tochain another? I want to run DrawWorks2 then !Draw but as soon as you run Drawworks2 it finishes the batch file and doesn't go on to the next instruction! Is there a way without loading one of these automatic loaders?
    • 1998, Juan Flynn, “BBC software transmitted on TV - how to load?”, incomp.sys.acorn.misc (Usenet):
      You can do LOAD "" or CHAIN "" to load orchain the next program if I remember correctly (it's been a loooong time since I've used a tape on an Acorn!)
    • 2006, Richard Porter, “SpamStamp double headers”, incomp.sys.acorn.apps (Usenet):
      Recent versions of AntiSpam no longer use the Config file but have a Settings file instead, so when I updated the Config file tochain SpamStamp it had no effect as it was a redundant file.

Derived terms

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Translations

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to fasten with a chain
to link together
to secure someone with fetters
to obstruct with a chain
computing: to relate data items with a chain of pointers
to be chained to another data item
to measure a distance using a chain

References

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  1. ^Edward H[enry] Knight (1877) “Chain”, inKnight’s American Mechanical Dictionary. […], volumes I (A–GAS), New York, N.Y.:Hurd and Houghton […],→OCLC.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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chain

  1. Aspirate mutation ofcain.

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofcain
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
caingainnghainchain

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

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