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chào

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:chao,Chao,chāo,cháo,chǎo,andchão

Mandarin

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Alternative forms

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chao —nonstandard
ĉào —very rare shorthand

Romanization

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chào (chao⁴,Zhuyinㄔㄠˋ)

Hanyu Pinyin reading of仦
Hanyu Pinyin reading of仯
Hanyu Pinyin reading of縃
Hanyu Pinyin reading of耖
Hanyu Pinyin reading of觘
Hanyu Pinyin reading of趠

Vietnamese

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Vietnamese phrasebook

This entry is part of thephrasebook project, which presentscriteria for inclusion based on utility, simplicity and commonness.

Etymology

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Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading ofChinese朝(“to meet; to meet a senior person; to attend the emperor's audience”,SV:triều).Doublet ofchầu andtriều. (Nguyễn Văn Khang.Từ ngoại lai trong tiếng Việt, 2007)

False cognate ofItalianciao, which also means both "hello" and "goodbye".

Pronunciation

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(Hà Nội)IPA^(key): [t͡ɕaːw˨˩]
(Huế)IPA^(key): [t͡ɕaːw˦˩]
(Saigon)IPA^(key): [caːw˨˩]

Verb

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chào• (嘲)

(usually transitive) togreet,salute, sayhello orgoodbye to
chào từ biệt ―tobid farewell
chào khách ―tosolicit a customer
Gặp bạn cứ lờ đi khôngchào.
She pretended she didn't know me.
(literally, “That person ignored me and didn't say hi.”)
Chào bác đi con.
Say hi to your auntie.
(Cháu)chào chú (ạ).
Hello.
(literally, “I greet you, young Mister”)
Chào mọi người!
Hello/Bye everybody!
Xin (kính)chào quý vị và các bạn.
Greetings.
(literally, “We'd like to cordially greet you, our honorable audience and friends.”)
Xin (kính)chào và hẹn gặp lại.
We hope to see you again. Goodbye.
(literally, “We'd like to bid you farewell and we hope to see you again.”)
- 2012, Joe Ruelle,Ngược chiều vun vút [Whooshing toward the Other Way], Nhã Nam:
  Chào anh! Chào chị! (Chào cô, chào chú, chào bác!) Tại sao không? Thỉnh thoảng người Việt đánh giá hơi thấp về khả năng tiếp cận văn hóa của khách Tây – đến giờ vẫn có người ngạc nhiên khi thấy tôi dùng đũa. Sự thật là du khách Tây ở bên này nhanh hiểu không khác gì du khách “ta” ở bên kia.
  Chào anh (hi there, brother)!Chào chị (hi there, sister)! (Chào cô (hi there, younger auntie),chào chú (hi there, younger uncle),chào bác (hi there, older auntie/uncle)!) Why not? I think Vietnamese folks often understimate westerners' grasp of another culture. Case in point, there are still people surprised by my chopsticks prowess. The truth is, western folks here in Vietnam are just as receptive as Vietnamese folks in other countries.

Usage notes

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As withchúc(“to wish”), a subject is not required if it is said by the person who is doing the greeting. However, it might be considered bad form for young children not to use their appropriate pronoun for a subject.
Chào is the only greeting that is genuinely used.Xin chào is rather stiff and unrealistic, mostly appropriate on television or at formal events. There isn't any variant used based on the current time of day, although an artificial expression such aschào buổi sáng(“good morning”) may be heard in certain contexts, such as songs, prose or poetry, and especially relevant in language teaching. Unironically sayingchào buổi sáng, however, might make one sound awkward and potentially pretentious.
Chào is rarely ever said in isolation. Most of the time, a following pronoun or kinship term is required. For example,chàobạn(“greetings, friend/young person”),chàobác(“greetings, uncle/aunt”),chàochị(“greetings, sister”), etc.). These phrases, or justchào by itself, can be followed by a final particle, such asnha orạ.
Chào nha!
Bye!