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caste

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:

caste

Etymology

Borrowed fromPortuguese orSpanishcasta(“lineage, breed, race”), of uncertain origin.

The OED derives it from Portuguesecasto(“chaste”), fromLatincastus(“chaste"; "chastity”).
Coromines (1987) argues instead for a hypotheticalGothic form*𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃(*kasts,“group, collection of animals”), cognate withEnglishcast, from Proto-Germanic*kastuz, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ǵ-es-.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation)enPR:käst,IPA^(key): /kɑːst/
(Northern England, Scotland)IPA^(key): /kast/
(General American)IPA^(key): /kæst/
Audio(US): (file)
Homophones:cast;karst(non-rhotic, trap–bath split)
Rhymes:-ɑːst

Noun

caste (pluralcastes)

Any of thehereditarysocialclasses andsubclasses of South Asiansocieties or similar found historically in other cultures.
Hyponyms:Brahmin,Kshatriya,Shudra,Vaishya,varna
- 2017 April 6, Samira Shackle, “On the frontline with Karachi’s ambulance drivers”, inthe Guardian‎^[1]:
  Pakistan is a conservative, religious state. TheEdhi Foundation is unusual in its ignoring ofcaste, creed, religion and sect. This strict stance has led to some criticism from religious groups.
A separate and fixed order or class of persons in society who chiefly associate with each other.
- 1930, Norman Lindsay,Redheap, Sydney, N.S.W.:Ure Smith, published1965,→OCLC, page89:
  It was an evidence of the peculiar nature ofcaste in country towns[.]
- 1934,Agatha Christie, chapter 5, inMurder on the Orient Express, London: HarperCollins, published2017, page236:
  'I believe, Messieurs, in loyalty - to one's friends and one's family and one'scaste.'
- 1911,Thomas Babington Macaulay, “Bunyan, John”, in1911 Encyclopædia Britannica‎^[2]:
  The tinkers then formed a hereditarycaste.
(zoology) Aclass ofpolymorphous eusocial insects of a particularsize andfunction within acolony.
Inbeehives, mostbees belong to theworkercaste.

Derived terms

Translations

hereditary social class

Arabic:طَبَقَة f(ṭabaqa),طَبَقِيَّة f(ṭabaqiyya)(system)
Armenian:կաստա (hy)(kasta)
Assamese:বৰ্ণ(borno)
Azerbaijani:kasta
Balinese:kasta,linggih
Belarusian:ка́ста f(kásta)
Bengali:জাত (bn)(jat),জাতি (bn)(jati),বর্ণ (bn)(borno)
Bulgarian:каста (bg) f(kasta)
Burmese:ဇာတ် (my)(jat)
Catalan:casta (ca) f,nissaga (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin:種姓 /种姓 (zh)(zhǒngxìng);種姓制度 /种姓制度 (zh)(zhǒngxìng zhìdù)(system)
Czech:kasta (cs) f
Danish:kaste (da) c
Dutch:kaste (nl) m or f
Esperanto:kasto
Estonian:kast
Faroese:kasta (fo) f
Finnish:kasti (fi)
French:caste (fr) f
Galician:casta f
Georgian:კასტა(ḳasṭa)
German:Kaste (de) f
Greek:κάστα (el) f(kásta)
Gujarati:જાત f(jāt),જાતિ f(jāti),નાત f(nāt),ન્યાત f(nyāt),વર્ણ f(varṇ),જ્ઞાતિ (gu) f(jñāti),કોળી f(koḷī)
Hebrew:קאסטה f(kasta)
Hindi:वर्ण (hi) m(varṇ),जाति (hi) f(jāti),जात (hi) f(jāt),वर्णाश्रम (hi) m(varṇāśram),खेत (hi) m(khet),कुल (hi) m(kul),न्याति (hi) f(nyāti),ज़ात (hi) f(zāt),नात (hi) m(nāt),ज्ञाति (hi) m(jñāti),गोत्र (hi) m(gotra),बिरादरी (hi) f(birādrī),जिनस (hi) f(jinas),जिंस (hi) f(jins),वंश (hi) m(vañś),बंस (hi) m(bans),नस्ल f(nasla),नसल (hi) f(nasal)
Hungarian:kaszt (hu)
Icelandic:erfðastétt f
Indonesian:kasta (id)
Italian:casta (it) f
Japanese:カースト (ja)(kāsuto),ジャーティ(jāti)
Kannada:ಜಾತಿ (kn)(jāti),ವರ್ಣ (kn)(varṇa)
Kashmiri:please add this translation if you can
Kazakh:каста(kasta)
Khmer:វណ្ណ (km)(vannaʼ)
Korean:카스트 (ko)(kaseuteu),카스트제도(kaseuteujedo)
Lao:ວັນນະ(wan na)
Latvian:kasta f
Lithuanian:kasta f
Macedonian:каста f(kasta)
Malay:kasta (ms),warna (ms)
Malayalam:ജാതി (ml)(jāti),വർണ്ണം(vaṟṇṇaṁ),കുലം (ml)(kulaṁ),കൂട്ടം (ml)(kūṭṭaṁ),ഗോത്രം (ml)(gōtraṁ)
Maori:tātai
Marathi:जात-जमात ?(jāt-jamāt)
Mongolian:каст(kast)
Nepali:काय (ne)(kāya)
Norwegian:kaste (no) m
Odia:ଜାତି (or)(jāti)
Pali:vaṇṇa m,jāti f
Persian:کاست (fa)(kâst),طبقه (fa)(tabaqe),ذات (fa)(zât),نسل (fa)(nasl)
Polish:kasta (pl) f
Portuguese:casta (pt) f
Punjabi:ਜਾਤਿ ?(jāti)
Russian:ка́ста (ru) f(kásta),ва́рна (ru) f(várna)
Sanskrit:वर्ण (sa) m(várṇa),जाति (sa) f(jāti)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic:ка̏ста f
Roman:kȁsta (sh) f
Sindhi:please add this translation if you can
Sinhalese:කුල (si)(kula)
Slovak:kasta f
Slovene:kasta (sl) f
Spanish:casta (es) f
Swedish:kast (sv) n
Tajik:каста(kasta)
Tamil:சாதி (ta)(cāti)
Telugu:కులము (te)(kulamu)వర్ణము (te)(varṇamu)
Thai:วรรณะ (th)(wan-ná),วรรณ (th)(wan)
Turkish:kast (tr)
Ukrainian:ка́ста (uk) f(kásta)
Urdu:جات f(jāt),ذات (ur) f(zāt),ورناشرم m(varṇāśram),کھیت m(khet),کل m(kul),نیات f(nyāti)
Uzbek:kasta (uz)
Vietnamese:đẳng cấp (vi)
Yiddish:קאַסטע f(kaste)

Anagrams

Cates,Stace,cates,scate,sceat,taces

Dutch

Verb

caste

(dated or formal)singular present subjunctive ofcasten

French

Etymology

Borrowed fromPortuguesecasta, if ofGermanic origin, possibly fromGothic*𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃(*kasts), fromProto-Germanic*kastuz, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂ǵ-es-(“to throw”), similar toEnglishcast. Or, alternatively from a derivative ofLatincastus.

Noun

caste f (pluralcastes)

caste (hereditary class)
class (social position)

Further reading

“caste”, inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

Galician

Alternative forms

casta

Etymology

Probably fromGothic*𐌺𐌰𐍃𐍄𐍃(*kasts), fromProto-Germanic*kastuz,*kastōną(“to throw, cast”), compareEnglishcast.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkaste/[ˈkɑs̺.t̪ɪ]
Rhymes:-aste
Hyphenation:cas‧te

Noun

caste f (pluralcastes)

species,race orkind
- 1853, Juan Manuel Pintos,A Gaita Gallega, Pontevedra: Impr. de D. José e D. Primitivo Vilas, page29:
  Por aquí nacen os ricos polo outro probes labregos. Estas son as dúascastes que hai en todo o mundo inteiro.
  Here the rich people are born, there the poor peasants; these are the tworaces that there are in the whole world
quality
- 1859, Ramón Barros Silvelo,Un dia de desfertuna, page 3:
  Dime logo que o probe do animal ou é de malacaste, ou ben non come
  He readily told me that the animal [that I was selling] either was of badquality, or either it didn't eat
progeny; group of people that share a common ancestor
Synonyms:estirpe,fruxe,liñaxe
- 1853, Juan Manuel Pintos,A Gaita Gallega, Pontevedra: Impr. de D. José e D. Primitivo Vilas, page 8:
  { soy llamado Pedro Luces ... } - To to to, vamos con tento que un home con ese nome pode sercaste do demo.
  {I am called Peter Lights...} —Wo wo wo! Let us be careful: a man with that name could de a Devil'schild.

Derived terms

castizar(“to mate”)
castizo(“stud pig”)
de caste(“selected”)

References

Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “caste”, inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “caste”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “caste”, inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN

^Joan Coromines,José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “casta”, inDiccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Italian

Adjective

caste

feminine plural ofcasto

Noun

caste f

plural ofcasta

Anagrams

cesta,steca

Latin

Etymology 1

Fromcastus +‎-ē.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): /ˈkas.teː/,[ˈkäs̠t̪eː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): /ˈkas.te/,[ˈkäst̪e]

Adverb

castē (comparativecastius,superlativecastissimē)

Etymology 2

Inflected form ofcastus.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin)IPA^(key): /ˈkas.te/,[ˈkäs̠t̪ɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): /ˈkas.te/,[ˈkäst̪e]

Adjective

caste

vocative masculine singular ofcastus

References

“caste”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879)A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“caste”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
caste inGaffiot, Félix (1934)Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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