Clipping ofcaelum. Attributed toEnnius by the poetAusonius in hisTechnopaegnion.

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key): [ˈkae̯ɫ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃɛl]

cael n orm (indeclinable)(archaic, poetic, hapax legomenon)

1. clipping ofcaelum(“sky, heaven”)

Indeclinable noun.

• “cael”, inCharlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879),A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “cael”, inGaffiot, Félix (1934),Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

• caffael,caffel

A complex, suppletive merger of two separate Celtic verbs into one paradigm.

• The forms outside of the present first-person singular that contain an-f- or-ff-, and alsocas, come fromMiddle Welshcaffael, fromOld Welshcephitor (pres. impersonal) andcepi (pres. 2sg.), fromProto-Brythonic*kėβɨd, fromProto-Celtic*gabyeti(“to take”). CompareCornishkavos andBretonkavout.
• The other formswithout an-f- or-ff- (and pres. 1sg.caf) are fromMiddle Welshcael, fromOld Welshci (pres. 2sg.), fromProto-Brythonic*kėɣɨd, fromProto-Celtic*kageti(“to get”), a derivative ofProto-Indo-European*kagʰ-(“to hold”).

• (North Wales)IPA^(key): (standard)/kaːɨ̯l/,(colloquial)/kaːl/
• (South Wales)IPA^(key): (standard)/kai̯l/,(colloquial)/kaːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-aːɨ̯l,-aːl

cael (first-person singular presentcaf)

1. toget,receive; tohave(experience)

   cael anrheg ―toget a present

   cael brecwast ―tohave breakfast, toget breakfast

   cael gair ―tohave a word

2. (chiefly future or conditional tense) toget to, beallowed to,may(with a verbal noun)

   Gawn ni weld y ffilm hwyr heno?

   Will weget to see/May we see the late film tonight?

   Cewch.

   Yes (you may).

   Gaen ni fynd allan pe tasen ni'n gorffen ein gwaith cartre?

   Might we go out/Would webe allowed to go out if we finished our homework?

   1. to be allowed to have,may have(with a noun)

      Cei di ddiod.

      Youmay have a drink.

      Ga i docyn i Gaerdydd?

      May Ihave a ticket to Cardiff?

3. (chiefly informal, colloquial)used with a possessive determiner (agreeing with the subject) and a verbal noun to form a construction with passive meaning

   Mae’r tŷ’ncael ei godi.

   The house is being built.

   (literally, “The house ishaving its building.”)

   Gaeth Terry ei tharo gan bêl eira.

   Terry was hit (got hit) by a snowball.

In more formal Welsh, the passive voice is formed using the impersonal verb forms:

Codir y tŷ. ―The house is being built. (literally, “[One] builds the house.”)

• cael blas(“to enjoy”)
• cael i(“to get to”)
• cael a chael(“touch and go”)
• cael allan,cael mas(“to find out”)
• cael at(“to reach”)

• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “cael”, inGweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke,et al., editors (1950–present), “cael”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

• Latin clippings
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• Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯l
• Rhymes:Welsh/aːɨ̯l/1 syllable
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• Rhymes:Welsh/aːl/1 syllable
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