Inherited fromMiddle Frenchbouter, fromOld Frenchbouter(“to strike, push”), ofGermanic origin, fromFrankish*bōtan(“to push, strike, beat”), fromProto-Germanic*bautaną(“to beat”), fromProto-Indo-European*bʰewd-(“to beat, strike, hew”).
Cognate withOld High Germanbōzzan(“to beat”),Old Englishbēatan(“to thrash, beat”),Old Norsebauta(“to beat”). Compare alsoSpanishbotar(“to bounce”),Italianbuttare. More atbeat.
bouter
| infinitive | simple | bouter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle orgerund1 | simple | boutant /bu.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | bouté /bu.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | boute /but/ | boutes /but/ | boute /but/ | boutons /bu.tɔ̃/ | boutez /bu.te/ | boutent /but/ |
| imperfect | boutais /bu.tɛ/ | boutais /bu.tɛ/ | boutait /bu.tɛ/ | boutions /bu.tjɔ̃/ | boutiez /bu.tje/ | boutaient /bu.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | boutai /bu.te/ | boutas /bu.ta/ | bouta /bu.ta/ | boutâmes /bu.tam/ | boutâtes /bu.tat/ | boutèrent /bu.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | bouterai /bu.tʁe/ | bouteras /bu.tʁa/ | boutera /bu.tʁa/ | bouterons /bu.tʁɔ̃/ | bouterez /bu.tʁe/ | bouteront /bu.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | bouterais /bu.tʁɛ/ | bouterais /bu.tʁɛ/ | bouterait /bu.tʁɛ/ | bouterions /bu.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ | bouteriez /bu.tə.ʁje/ | bouteraient /bu.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | boute /but/ | boutes /but/ | boute /but/ | boutions /bu.tjɔ̃/ | boutiez /bu.tje/ | boutent /but/ |
| imperfect2 | boutasse /bu.tas/ | boutasses /bu.tas/ | boutât /bu.ta/ | boutassions /bu.ta.sjɔ̃/ | boutassiez /bu.ta.sje/ | boutassent /bu.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | boute /but/ | — | boutons /bu.tɔ̃/ | boutez /bu.te/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). | |||||||
FromOld Frenchbouter, ofGermanic origin.
bouter
FromFrankish*bōtan(“to beat”), fromProto-West Germanic*bautan.
bouter
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in-er. The forms that would normally end in *-ts, *-tt are modified toz,t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | bouter | avoirbouté | |||||
| gerund | enboutant | gerund ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | boutant | ||||||
| past participle | bouté | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | bout | boutes | boute | boutons | boutez | boutent |
| imperfect | boutoie,bouteie,boutoe,bouteve | boutoies,bouteies,boutoes,bouteves | boutoit,bouteit,boutot,bouteve | boutiiens,boutiens | boutiiez,boutiez | boutoient,bouteient,boutoent,boutevent | |
| preterite | boutai | boutas | bouta | boutames | boutastes | bouterent | |
| future | bouterai | bouteras | boutera | bouterons | bouteroiz,boutereiz,bouterez | bouteront | |
| conditional | bouteroie,boutereie | bouteroies,boutereies | bouteroit,boutereit | bouteriiens,bouteriens | bouteriiez,bouteriez | bouteroient,boutereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | present tense ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | bout | bouz | bout | boutons | boutez | boutent |
| imperfect | boutasse | boutasses | boutast | boutissons,boutissiens | boutissoiz,boutissez,boutissiez | boutassent | |
| compound tenses | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | boute | — | boutons | boutez | — | ||