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boss

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Boss,BOSS,andboß

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromDutchbaas, fromMiddle Dutchbaes(“master of a household, friend”), fromOld Dutch*baso(“uncle, kinsman”), fromProto-West Germanic*baswō, fromProto-Germanic*baswô(“uncle”), perhaps fromProto-Germanic*ba-, *bō-(“father, older male relative”), source also of the English termsbabe,boy,bub,bully.Cognate withMiddle Low Germanbās(“supervisor, foreman”),Old Frisianbas(“master”), henceSaterland FrisianBoas(“boss”),Old High Germanbasa(“father's sister, cousin”), hence GermanBase(“aunt, cousin”). Originally a term of respect used to address an older relative. Later, inNew Amsterdam, it began to mean a person in charge who is not a master. The video game sense isborrowed fromJapaneseボス(bosu), in turn fromEnglishboss.

Noun

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boss (pluralbosses)

  1. A person who oversees and directs the work of others; asupervisor.
    Theboss of the company was going to Spain for work.
  2. A person in charge of abusiness orcompany.
    Synonym:employer
    Chat turned to whisper when theboss entered the conference room.
    Myboss complains that I'm always late to work.
    • 1913, Marie Adelaide Belloc Lowndes,The Lodger:
      "OurBoss has resigned!" said Joe Chandler slowly, impressively.
      "No! Not the Commissioner o’ Police?" exclaimed Bunting.
  3. Aleader, thehead of an organizedgroup orteam.
    Synonyms:head,leader
    They named himboss because he had good leadership skills.
  4. The head of apoliticalparty in a givenregion ordistrict.
    Synonym:leader
    He is the Republicanboss in Kentucky.
  5. (informal, especially India, MLE and Philippines)A term of address to a man, especially acustomer, but also sometimes to afriend oracquaintance of equal standing.
    Good to see you,boss.
  7. (video games) Anenemy, often at the end of alevel, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.
    Synonym:guardian
    • 2017 October 2, Heather Alexandra, “Cuphead Player Beats Bosses Without Taking A Single Hit”, inKotaku‎[1], archived fromthe original on18 February 2018:
      Cuphead built a reputation for difficulty before release, but itsboss battles are mostly about recognizing patterns than getting lucky against unfairbosses. Watching players ace their way through the game’sbosses is a spellbinding reminder that even tough games can be defeated easily with hard work.
  8. (humorous) One'swife.
    There's no olive oil; will sunflower oil do? — I'll have to run that by theboss.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Terms derived fromboss (noun, etymology 1)
Descendants
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Translations
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supervisor
person in charge
leader, head of an organised team
head of a political party
term of address to a man
enemy in video game
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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boss (third-person singular simple presentbosses,present participlebossing,simple past and past participlebossed)

  1. (transitive) To exercise authoritativecontrol over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly.
    Synonyms:lord over,boss around
    • 1931, Robert L. May,Rudolph,The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher):
      By YOU last night’s journey was actuallybossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost.
    • 1932, Lorine Pruette,The Parent and the Happy Child, page76:
      His sistersbossed him and spoiled him. All their lives he was to go on being their little brother, who could do no wrong, because he was the baby; [...]
    • 1967, Pelham Grenville Wodehouse,The purloined paperweight, page90:
      Shebossed him, and he's never gotten over it. She still orders him around, and instead of telling her to go soak her head, he just says 'Yes, ma'am' as weak as a newborn jellyfish [...]
    • 1980, Jean Toomer,The wayward and the seeking: a collection of writings by Jean Toomer, page40:
      For if, on the one hand, Ibossed him and showed him what to do and how to do it, [...]
    • 2021 June 14, Scott Mullen, “Scotland 0-2 Czech Republic”, inBBC Sport‎[2]:
      Clarke was undoubtedly made to change things and for spells, the Czechsbossed the game. Scotland's midfield was nullified, Dykes struggled to hold the ball up while, barring a small handful of forays by Robertson, there was a distinct lack of width from the Scots.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to exercise authority over (someone)

Adjective

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boss (comparativebosser,superlativebossest)

  1. (slang, US, Canada, Liverpool) Of excellentquality,first-rate.
    That is aboss Zefron poster.
    • 1966 February 17, Dennis Whitcomb, “Zombo” (7:35 from the start), inThe Munsters, season 2, episode22:
      Boy 2: He's the neatest looking guy on TV!
      Boy 3: I'll say!
      Boy 1: He sure is!
      Boy 3: Boy, the way he talks is reallyboss!

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishbos,bose,boce, fromOld Frenchboce(“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”), fromFrankish*bottja, fromProto-Germanic*bautaną(“to hit, strike, beat”).Doublet ofbeat; see there for more.

Noun

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boss (pluralbosses)

  1. Aswelling,lump orprotuberance in an animal, person or object.
    Coordinate term:tuberosity
    1. (geology) A lump-like mass ofrock, especially one projecting through a stratum of different rock.
    2. A convex protuberance in hammered work, especially the rounded projection in the centre of ashield.
    4. (mechanics) Aprotrusion; frequently acylinder ofmaterial that extends beyond ahole.
      Coordinate terms:ear,eye
    5. (architecture) Aknob orprojection, usually at theintersection ofribs in avault.
    6. (architecture) A roughly cut stone set in place for later carving.
  2. (archery) Atarget block, made of foam but historically made of hay bales, to which a target face is attached.
  3. A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder.
    • 1842, Peter Nicholson,The Mechanic's Companion:
      Boss, a short trough for holding water, when tiling the roof
  4. Ahead orreservoir ofwater.
Derived terms
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Translations
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projection in centre of shield
mechanics: a protrusion
architecture: knob or protrusion

Verb

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boss (third-person singular simple presentbosses,present participlebossing,simple past and past participlebossed)

  1. (transitive) Todecorate with bosses; toemboss.
Translations
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to decorate with bosses—seeemboss

Etymology 3

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Apparently a corruption ofbass.

Noun

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boss (pluralbosses)

  1. (obsolete) Ahassock or small seat, especially made from a bundle of straw.
    • 1916,James Joyce,Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Macmillan Press Ltd, paperback, section 36:
      All were waiting : uncle Charles, who sat far away in the shadow of the window, Dante and Mr Casey, who sat in the easy chairs at either side of the hearth, Stephen, seated on a chair between them, his feet resting on a toastingboss.
Synonyms
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Translations
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a hassock or footrest

Anagrams

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Danish

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Etymology

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ViaAmerican Englishboss, fromDutchbaas.

Noun

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boss c (singular definitebossen,plural indefinitebosser)

  1. (informal)boss(leader of a company etc.)
    Synonym:(more formal)chef
  2. (video games)boss

Declension

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Declension ofboss
common
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativebossbossenbosserbosserne
genitiveboss'bossensbossersbossernes

Further reading

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishboss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss m orfby sense (pluralbossorbosses)

  1. boss (leader)
  2. (video games)boss

Further reading

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Italian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishboss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss m (invariable)

  1. boss(leader of a business, company or criminal organization)
    Synonym:capo

Maltese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishboss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss m (pluralbossijiet)

  1. boss

Related terms

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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boss n (definite singularbosset,uncountable)

  1. garbage,rubbish,trash (leftover waste to be discarded)
Usage notes
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Used mainly in theBergen region.

Etymology 2

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Noun

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boss m (definite singularbossen,indefinite pluralbosser,definite pluralbossene)

  1. (colloquial)boss,supervisor (someone who oversees work)
  2. boss (final enemy in a video game)

Norwegian Nynorsk

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bossnøkkel

Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss n (definite singularbosset,uncountable)

  1. (Bergen, Snåsa, Gausdal, Grenland)alternative form ofbos

Polish

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PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishboss, fromDutchbaas, fromMiddle Dutchbaes, fromOld Dutch*baso, fromProto-Germanic*baswô.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss m pers

  1. (colloquial)boss(supervisor)
    Synonyms:szef,zwierzchnik
  2. (video games)boss(enemy in a video game)

Declension

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Declension ofboss
singularplural
nominativebossbossowie
genitivebossabossów
dativebossowibossom
accusativebossabossów
instrumentalbossembossami
locativebossiebossach
vocativebossiebossowie

Further reading

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  • boss inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • boss in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishboss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss m (pluralbossorbosses)

  1. (video games)boss
    Synonyms:chefe,chefão

Romanian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing fromEnglishboss.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss m (pluralboși)

  1. boss
    Synonym:șef

Declension

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singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativebossbossulboșiboșii
genitive-dativebossbossuluiboșiboșilor
vocativebossuleboșilor

Further reading

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Swedish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishboss.

Noun

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boss c

  1. (video games)boss; final enemy
  2. (colloquial)boss,supervisor; someone who oversees work
    Synonym:chef

Declension

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Declension ofboss
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitebossboss
definitebossenbossens
pluralindefinitebossarbossars
definitebossarnabossarnas

Hyponyms

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Tagalog

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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boss (Baybayin spellingᜊᜓᜐ᜔)

  1. alternative spelling ofbos
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