I believed that a huge injustice had been perpetrated for hundreds of years on everyblack man, woman, and child in the United States.
1975 May, Terry Hodges,Ebony, page10:
I am a young, light-skinnedblack woman, and truer words were never written of the problem we light-skinned blacks have had to live with. The article explains in-depth what it's like.
2012 November 7, Matt Bai, “Winning a Second Term, Obama Will Confront Familiar Headwinds”, inNew York Times[3]:
The country’s firstblack president, and its first president to reach adulthood after the Vietnam War and Watergate, Mr. Obama seemed like a digital-age leader who could at last dislodge the stalemate between those who clung to the government of the Great Society, on the one hand, and those who disdained the very idea of government, on the other.
1655, Benjamin Needler,Expository notes, with practical observations; towards the opening of the five first chapters of the first book of Moses called Genesis., London: N. Webb and W. Grantham, page168:
[…] what ablack day would that be, when the Ordinances of Jesus Christ should as it were be excommunicated, and cast out of the Church of Christ.
1749, Henry Fielding,The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling:
Nor were there wanting some, who, after the departure of Jenny, insinuated that she was spirited away with a design tooblack to be mentioned, and who gave frequent hints that a legal inquiry ought to be made into the whole matter, and that some people should be forced to produce the girl.
The lassie had grace given her to refuse, but with a woeful heart, and Heriotside rode off inblack discontent, leaving poor Ailie to sigh her love. He came back the next day and the next, but aye he got the same answer.
1907, Ronald M. Burrows,The Discoveries In Crete, page14:
We see the impression that the perils of these unknown seas made on Minoan art in a clay seal impression that comes from Knossos. A sea monster, with head and jaws like a dog's, is rising from the waves and attacking a boatman who stands defending himself in his skiff.[…] This is theblack side of the sense of "the magic and the mystery of the sea" that finds a lighter expression in the octopus and sea-shell designs of the vases, and the flying fish on porcelain and frescoes.
Consequently, in the initial position the white pieces and pawns are placed on the first and second ranks; theblack pieces and pawns on the eighth and seventh ranks.
1936, Rollo Ahmed,The Black Art, London: Long, page105:
Pope Joan, who once occupied the throne of the Vatican, was reputed to be theblackest sorcerer of them all.
2014,J.R.R. Tolkien,Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,→ISBN, page168:
But ahel-rúne was one who knew secretblack knowledge – and the association ofhell with the dead shows that the gloss in O.H.G. 'necromancia' is very close.
1812, Edward Wakefield,An Account of Ireland, Statistical and Political[5], volume 2, page737:
There is a district, comprehending Donegal, the interior of the county of Derry, and the western side of Tyrone, which is emphatically called by the people "theBlack North," an expression not meant, as I conceive, to mark its greater exposure to the westerly winds, but rather its dreary aspect.
Even in the "black North"—in " Protestant Ulster"—Catholicity is progressing at a rate that must strike terror into its enemies, and impart pride and hope to the professors of the faith of our sainted forefathers.
1886, Thomas Power O'Connor,The Parnell Movement: With a Sketch of Irish Parties from 1843, page520:
To the southern Nationalist the north was chiefly known as the home of the most rabid religious and political intolerance perhaps in the whole Christian world; it was designated by the comprehensive title of the 'Black North.'
Now April's brother, once also holding a commission in that regiment, was an Ulster Volunteer, her father a staunch,black Protestant, her family tremulously "loyal" to the country whose Parliament was turning them out of its councils.
He [Sir John Henry Biggart] was personally amused at having once been called "ablack bastard".
2007 September 6, Fintan O'Toole, “Diary”, inLondon Review of Books, volume29, number17, page35:
He had been playing Gaelic football for Lisnaskea Emmets, his local team in County Fermanagh, against a team from nearby Brookeborough, when someone from the opposing team called him a ‘black cunt’. ‘Black’, in this case, was a reference not to the colour of his skin but to his religion. It is short for ‘Black Protestant’, a long-standing term of sectarian abuse.
In the United States, United Kingdom, and South Africa,black typically refers to people of African descent, including indirect African descent via the Caribbean, and including those with light skin. In Australia, Aboriginal Australians are often referred to as or identify asblack. In New Zealand, Maori people are sometimes referred to as or identify asblack.[4][5][6][7]
Some style guides recommend capitalizingBlack in reference to the racial group,[8][9] while others advise using lowercase (black);[10] lowercase is more common.
But presently the negro seized the Hindoo by the throat; the Hindoo just pricked him in the arm with his knife, and the next moment his own head was driven against the side of the cabin with a stunning crack[…]The cabin was now full, and Sharpe was for putting both theblacks in irons.
Numa was about to charge—there was little time in which to compare various methods or weigh the probable results of any. And then a number of things happened, almost simultaneously—the lion sprang from his ambush toward the retreatingblack—Tarzan cried out in warning—and theblack turned just in time to see Numa halted in mid-flight by a slender strand of grass rope, the noosed end of which had fallen cleanly about his neck.
2004, Anthony Joseph Paul Cortese,Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertising, page108:
Prize-winning books continue a trend toward increased representation ofblacks, accounting for most of the books with exclusively black characters.
(uncountable,informal)Blackness, the condition of belonging to or being descended from one of these ethnic groups.
(countable,chess) The person playing with the black set of pieces.
At this pointblack makes a disastrous move.
2023 January 13,Leonard Barden, “Chess: Carlsen takes on young guns at Wijk as world champion eyes record”, inThe Guardian[8], archived fromthe original on23 January 2023:
1...Qd3 2 Ne1 Nd2! wins since 3 Nxd3 Rxf1 mate while 3 Qxc7+ Kg6 only delays the end. The best White can do is 3 Qc3+ Qxc3 4 Rxc3 Rxe1 whenBlack also wins the Bf1 and will be two pieces up.
(countable) Something, or a part of a thing, which is black.
He pulled on theblack, the tip of the filter hot and malleable between his lips, and felt a cool tingling coat the simmer in his chest and begin to eat away at it in small bites.
Use of the nounblack to refer to a person is often considered offensive, especially in the singular, and several guides and dictionaries recommend against its usage.[11][12][13][14] It is more appropriate to use "a black person" or "black people" in the place of "a black" or "the blacks", respectively.
See theusage notes in the adjective section regarding the capitalization and scope of the term.
1859, Oliver Optic,Poor and Proud; or, The Fortunes of Katy Redburn, a Story for Young Folks[9]:
"I don't want to fight; but you are a mean, dirty blackguard, or you wouldn't have treated a girl like that," replied Tommy, standing as stiff as a stake before the bully. "Say that again, and I'llblack your eye for you."
Loving you, I could conceive no life sweeter than hers — to be always near you; toblack your boots, carry up your coals, scrub your doorstep; always to be working for you, hard and humbly and without thanks.
2003, Alun Howkins,The Death of Rural England, page175:
The plants wereblacked by the Transport and General Workers' Union and a consumer boycott was organised; both activities contributed to what the union saw as a victory.
^Baraniuk, Carol (2015).James Orr, Poet and Irish Radical. Routledge. p. 128.→ISBN; Barkley, John Monteith (1959)A Short History of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland p.36
^Mark Williams, "Ethnicity and Authenticity", inComparative Literary Dimensions: Essays in Honor of Melvin J. Friedman, edited by Melvin J. Friedman, Jay L. Halio, Ben Siegel, University of Delaware Press (2000,→ISBN), page 194: "'Black' means very different things in different places. In America the word black usually means descended from Africa; East Indians are not generally defined as black there. In Britain, however, Asians often designate themselves as black. In New Zealand, Maori radicals sometimes use the world because it points to their difference from the dominant white culture in terms conveniently binary. Even vaguer uses of the word can be seen, such as the expression "Black Irish," which refers to Irish people supposedly descended from Spanish sailors, or " Black Maoris," who are believed by other Maoris to be descended from black sailors who jumped ship in the northern parts of New Zealand in the early contact period."
^Carolyn Whitzman,The Handbook of Community Safety Gender and Violence Prevention: Practical Planning Tools, Routledge (2012,→ISBN), page 46:"the term 'black' refers to many different groups, depending upon the country where it is used. In the US, black means African-Americans, usually descendants of slaves, although there are a growing number of recent black migrants from the Caribbean and Africa. In Canada, black means people of African origin as well, usually first- or second-generation migrants from the Caribbean, although there is a smaller, more established, community descended from refugees from slavery in th US. In the UK, black usually means people of South Asian descent, who may be new migrants or who may be second- or third-generation citizens. In Australia, black means the indigenous people or Aboriginal Australians, who are descendants of inhabitants who predated European settlement by over 40,000 years. In South Africa, black means the indigenous peoples as well[…]"
^“black”, inMerriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:Merriam-Webster, 1996–present. "Use of the noun Black in the singular to refer to a person is considered offensive. The plural form Blacks is still commonly used by Black people and others to refer to Black people as a group or community, but the plural form too is increasingly considered offensive, and most style guides advise writers to use Black people rather than Blacks when practical."
^“black”, inOxford Learner's Dictionaries: "Using the noun black to refer to people with dark skin can be offensive, so it is better to use the adjective:black people • a black man/woman . It is especially offensive to use the noun with the definite article (‘the blacks’)"
^“black”, inDictionary.com Unabridged,Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present. "As a noun, however, it does often offend. The use of the plural noun without an article is somewhat more accepted (home ownership amongBlacks ); however, the plural noun with an article is more likely to offend (political issues affectingthe Blacks ), and the singular noun is especially likely to offend (The small business proprietor isa Black ). Use the adjective instead:Black homeowners, Black voters, a Black business proprietor."
2015, Ilham Maad,Noir, pas black[15], archived fromthe original on30 January 2021:
C’est qu’en France, les blancs n’existent pas et par contre la façon de parler des nonblancs existe et évolue avec le temps. Parce qu’effectivement, d’abord on était sur des termes purement et simplement racistes avec « bamboula, negro, nègre, bicot, bougnoule » et puis après ça a évolué et on est arrivé à « black, beur »… Donc je sais pas quand est-ce que ça a commencé exactement, moi je marque ça aux années 80, le hip hop, voilà, la black music…
In France, there are no Whites, but names for non-Whites are constantly evolving. First we had terms that were purely and simply racist, like jigaboo, negro, nigger, coon, sambo... That evolved until we got toBlack, Brownie... I'm not sure when that came in, but I guess it was the 1980s, with hip-hop and "Black music."
2021 August 31, Dhonielle Clayton, Tiffany D. Jackson, Nic Stone, Angie Thomas, Ashley Woodfolk, Nicola Yoon,Blackout: O amor também brilha no escuro[16], Editora Seguinte,→ISBN:
1 The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 2 Dated or archaic. 3 Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
