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biology

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English

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Etymology

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  • Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European*gʷeyh₃-der.
    Ancient Greekβίος(bíos)
    Proto-Indo-European*leǵ-
    Ancient Greekλόγος(lógos)
    Ancient Greek-ῐ́ᾱ(-ĭ́ā)
    Ancient Greek-λογῐ́ᾱ(-logĭ́ā)bor.
    New Latin-logia
    New Latinbiologialbor.
    Englishbiology

    Borrowed fromNew Latinbiologia (1766), itself fromAncient Greekβίος(bíos,“bio-, life”) +‎-λογία(-logía,“-logy, branch of study, to speak”). Bysurface analysis,bio- +‎-logy.

    In English, first attested in the modern meaning in the work of English physicianThomas Beddoes in 1799. The term is also recorded in the sense ofa biographical history in the work ofDudley Loftus in 1686, but this is considered by theOxford English Dictionary to be an isolated use.[1] The modernGreekβιολογία(viología) is borrowed from the English term andFrenchbiologie viainternational scientific vocabulary.Piecewise doublet ofzoology.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    biology (countable anduncountable,pluralbiologies)

    2. The study of alllife orlivingmatter.
      Synonyms:life science,life sciences,lifelore(rare);see alsoThesaurus:biology
      • 2012 January, Robert M. Pringle, “How to Be Manipulative”, inAmerican Scientist‎[1], volume100, number 1, archived fromthe original on3 October 2013, page31:
        As in much ofbiology, the most satisfying truths in ecology derive from manipulative experimentation. Tinker with nature and quantify how it responds.
    3. The living organisms of a particular region.
      • 1893, “Prizes for original work with the microscope”, inProceedings of the American Microscopical Society‎[2], volume14, page38:
        The object of these prizes is to stimulate and encourage original investigation by the aid of the microscope in thebiology of North America, and, while the competition is open to all, it is especially commended to advanced students in biology in such of our universities and colleges as furnish opportunity for suitable work.
    4. The structure, function, and behavior of anorganism or type of organism.
      thebiology of the whale
    5. (archaic) Abiographicalhistory.
      • 1912, J. H. Rose,C[harles] H[arold] Herford,E[dward] C[arter] K[earsey] Gonner,M[ichael] E[rnest] Sadler,Germany in the Nineteenth Century: Five Lectures, Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, Inc.,page67:
        That a Town has abiology of its own has been, since Freeman and Green, a familiar idea to us. But it was not in England, with its old established central governments, that the idea was likely to arise; and we know what the local history of our old antiquaries was like.

    Derived terms

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    Related terms

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    Translations

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    study of living matter
    structure, function, and behavior of an organism or type of organism

    See also

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    References

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    1. ^“biology,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required⁠, Oxford:Oxford University Press, launched 2000.
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