Inherited fromMiddle French avoir Old French avoir aveir aver Latin habēre ( “ have, hold, possess ” ) , probably from aProto-Italic *habēō *haβēō Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰ- ( “ to grab, to take ” ) . Influenced and reinforced by similar (yet etymologically unrelated) verbs inGermanic Frankish *habbjan ( “ to have ” ) ,Old High German habēn ( “ to have ” ) ,Old Norse hafa ( “ to have ” ) ,Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 ( haban “ to have ” ) .
See closer cognates in regional languages in France:Angevin avouèr Bourbonnais-Berrichon avoér Bourguignon aivoi Champenois aouâr Corsican avè Franco-Provençal avêr Franc-Comtois aivoi Gallo avair Lorrain ahoir Norman avaer Occitan aver Picard avoèr
Further cognates include:Italian avere Portuguese haver Romanian avea avere Sardinian (Campidanese airi Logudorese àere Sicilian aviri Spanish haber English aver ( borrowed via Old French ) .
avoir m plural avoirs
asset ,possession avoir
( transitive ) have ( to own; to possess ) Near-synonym: posséder J'aimerais bienavoir 20 dollars. ―I would very much like tohave 20 dollars. ( auxiliary ) Coordinate term: être J' ai parlé. ―Ihave spoken, I spoke. Qu'est-ce que vous m' avez fait ? ―Whathave you done to me? ( transitive ) ( a condition ) J'ai faim ―I'm hungry. (literally, “I have hunger. ”)J'ai soif ―I'm thirsty. (literally, “I have thirst. ”)J'ai froid ―I'm cold. (literally, “I have cold. ”)J'ai chaud ―I'm hot, I feel hot. (literally, “I have heat. ”)J' ai la chiasse. ―I have the shits. J' ai le rhume. ―I have a cold. J' ai le SIDA. ―I have AIDS. J' ai de la fièvre. ―I've got a fever. ( transitive ) measure orage )Ellea 19 ans. ―She is 19 years old. (literally, “She has 19 years. ”)( transitive ) have ( to trick ) Tu t'es faitavoir . ―You've beenhad . ( transitive ) have (to participate in an experience)avoir des relations sexuellesto have sexual relations( auxiliary ) have (to) ,must [with à ( +infinitive ) ]J' ai à vous parler. ―Ihave to talk to you. Avoir chaud ( “ heat ” ) ,faim ( “ hunger ” ) ,soif ( “ thirst ” ) ,peur ( “ fear ” ) , etc. to express a personal condition or feeling, as shown in examples above. While constructions likeêtre affamé ( “ to be starving/starved ” ) andêtre assoiffé ( “ to be thirsty ” ) exist, they are almost always used figuratively. It is always more natural to useavoir être
J'ai chaud. ―I'm hot. (I feel hot) (literally, “I have heat. ”)Je suis chaud. ―I'm down for it. / I'm horny. / I'm on fire. ( figuratively ) Formerly, it was considered incorrect to use adverbs such astrès in these constructions, since they would technically be modifying a noun, not an adjective. However, today, constructions such asJ'ai très peur are considered correct and normal.
infinitive simple avoir compound avoir present participle orgerund 1 simple ayant /ɛ.jɑ̃/ or/e.jɑ̃/ compound ayant past participle eu /y/ singular plural first second third first second third indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles (simple present ai /e/ as /a/ a /a/ avons /a.vɔ̃/ avez /a.ve/ ont /ɔ̃/ imperfect avais /a.vɛ/ avais /a.vɛ/ avait /a.vɛ/ avions /a.vjɔ̃/ aviez /a.vje/ avaient /a.vɛ/ past historic 2 eus /y/ eus /y/ eut /y/ eûmes /ym/ eûtes /yt/ eurent /yʁ/ future aurai /ɔ.ʁe/ or/o.ʁe/ auras /ɔ.ʁa/ or/o.ʁa/ aura /ɔ.ʁa/ or/o.ʁa/ aurons /ɔ.ʁɔ̃/ or/o.ʁɔ̃/ aurez /ɔ.ʁe/ or/o.ʁe/ auront /ɔ.ʁɔ̃/ or/o.ʁɔ̃/ conditional aurais /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or/o.ʁɛ/ aurais /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or/o.ʁɛ/ aurait /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or/o.ʁɛ/ aurions /ɔ.ʁjɔ̃/ or/o.ʁjɔ̃/ auriez /ɔ.ʁje/ or/o.ʁje/ auraient /ɔ.ʁɛ/ or/o.ʁɛ/ (compound present perfect present indicative ofavoir pluperfect imperfect indicative ofavoir past anterior 2 past historic ofavoir future perfect future ofavoir conditional perfect conditional ofavoir subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles (simple present aie /ɛ/ aies /ɛ/ ait /ɛ/ ayons /ɛ.jɔ̃/ or/e.jɔ̃/ ayez /ɛ.je/ or/e.je/ aient /ɛ/ imperfect 2 eusse /ys/ eusses /ys/ eût /y/ eussions /y.sjɔ̃/ eussiez /y.sje/ eussent /ys/ (compound past present subjunctive ofavoir pluperfect 2 imperfect subjunctive ofavoir imperative – tu – nous vous – simple — aie /ɛ/ — ayons /ɛ.jɔ̃/ or/e.jɔ̃/ ayez /ɛ.je/ or/e.je/ — compound — simple imperative ofavoir — simple imperative ofavoir simple imperative ofavoir — 1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen 2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French , pp.77 ,78 ,79 ,81 ).
FromOld French avoir aveir Latin habēre Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰ- ( “ to grab, to take ” ) .
avoir
tohave ( auxiliary ) perfect tense )Like Modern Frenchavoir Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive. Conjugation ofavoir
infinitive simple avoir compound avoir present participle 1 orgerund 2 simple ayant compound present participle or gerund ofavoir past participle eu singular plural first second third first second third indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles (simple present ai ay as a avons avez ont imperfect avais avais avait avions aviez avoient avoyent past historic eus eus eut eusmes eustes eurent future auroie auroye auras aura aurons aurez auront conditional aurois aurois aurait aurions auriez auroient auroyent (compound present perfect present indicative ofavoir pluperfect imperfect indicative ofavoir past anterior past historic ofavoir future perfect future ofavoir conditional perfect conditional ofavoir subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles (simple present aie aies ait ayons ayez aient ayent imperfect eusse eusses eust eussions eussiez eussent (compound past present subjunctive ofavoir pluperfect imperfect subjunctive ofavoir imperative – tu – nous vous – simple — aie — ayons aions ayez aiez — compound — simple imperative ofavoir — simple imperative ofavoir simple imperative ofavoir — 1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée , p.179 ). TheFrench Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with prepositionen Modern French , although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995],op. cit. , p.180 ).
avoir onDictionnaire du Moyen Français (1330–1500) (in French)FromLatin habēre Old Occitan aver haver Old Spanish aver
avoir
tohave ( auxiliary ) perfect tense )toexist (there is/there are)c. 1200Les quatres sohais Saint Martin :Un vilainot en Normendie There was a peasant in Normandy
simple compound infinitive avoir avoir eü eüṭ oü oüṭ gerund enaiant gerund ofavoir present participle aiant past participle eü eüṭ oü oüṭ person singular plural first second third first second third indicative jo tu il nos vos il simple present ai as a aṭ avons avez ont imperfect avoie aveie avoies aveies avoit aveit aviiens aviens aviiez aviez avoient aveient preterite oi eüs oüs ot out eümes oümes eüstes oüstes orent future avrai arai avras aras avra ara avrons arons avroiz avreiz avrez aroiz areiz arez avront aront conditional avroie avreie aroie areie avroies avreies aroies areies avroit avreit aroit areit avriiens avriens ariiens ariens avriiez avriez ariiez ariez avroient avreient aroient areient compound present perfect present tense ofavoir pluperfect imperfect tense ofavoir past anterior preterite tense ofavoir future perfect future tense ofavoir conditional perfect conditional tense ofavoir subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il simple present aie aies aie aieṭ ait aiiens aions aiiez aient imperfect eüsse oüsse eüsses oüsses eüst oüst eüssons eüssiens oüssons oüssiens eüssoiz eüssez eüssiez oüssoiz oüssez oüssiez eüssent oüssent compound past present subjunctive ofavoir pluperfect imperfect subjunctive ofavoir imperative – tu – nos vos – — aies — aiiens aions aiiez —
avoir oblique singular , m oblique plural avoirs nominative singular avoirs nominative plural avoir
possession ;good Several via the formaveir .
