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auf

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:auf-

Translingual

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Symbol

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auf

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-5language code forArawan languages.

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsealfr(elf). CompareDanishalf,Swedishalf,alv.Doublet ofalf,elf, andoaf.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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auf (pluralaufs)

  1. (obsolete) Achangeling orelfchild; a child left byfairies.
    • 1605,Michael Drayton, “Battaile of Agincourt”, inPoems Lyric and Pastoral:
      Say that the Fayrie left thisAulfe,
      And tooke away the other.
  2. (obsolete) Adeformed orfoolish child; asimpleton; anoaf.

References

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Anagrams

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German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle High Germanūf, fromOld High Germanūf, fromProto-Germanic*upp. This form with a lengthened vowel is originallyUpper German.Central German forms wereMiddle High Germanuf and (western)up. CompareDutchop,Low Germanop,Luxembourgishop,Englishup.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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auf

  1. [withdative]on,upon(positioned at the top of)
    Das Buch liegtauf dem Tisch.The book is lyingon the table.
  2. [withaccusative]on,onto,up(moving to the top of)
    Ich lege das Buchauf den Tisch.I’m putting the bookon the table.
  3. [withaccusative]on(indicating responsibility)
    Das erste Getränk gehtaufs Haus.The first drink ison the house.
    Das fällt nichtauf dich zurück, sondernauf mich. Ich hab's vermasselt.
    That's noton you buton me. I messed up.
  4. (slang)Introduces a word, usually anadjective, acting ascontext or acondition for the whole sentence.
    auf süßall sweet,all nicely
    auf lockcasually
    Ich hab so Hunger. Ich glaub, ich kauf mirauf desperate was beim Bäcker.
    I'm so hungry. I think I'll get something from the bakerall desperate-like.
  5. [withdative]in,at;used with certain nouns instead ofbei orin
    Niemandauf der Welt hätte das voraussehen können.No onein the world could have predicted that.
    auf dem Stadtplatzin the town square
    Das Schiff istauf SeeThe ship isat sea.
    auf der Kirmesat the fun fair
    auf der Postat the post office (also: bei der Post)
  6. [withaccusative]to;used with certain nouns instead ofzu orin
    auf die Kirmesto the fun fair
    auf die Postto the post office (also: zur Post)
  7. (with a language name)in (see usage note below)
    Was heißt dasauf Deutsch?What’s thisin German?
  8. (linguistics)in(of a word: ending with some sound or syllable)
    Wörterauf-heit sind weiblich.Wordsin-heit are feminine.
  9. (archaic or colloquial, regional, northern and western Germany)on (a day; usually of the week)
    Synonym:an
    Du kannst dochauf (’n) Sonntag nich’ den Rasen mähen!
    You can’t mow the lawnon a Sunday!
  10. [withaccusative]for(during the continuation of)
    auf Jahre hinausfor years to come
  11. [withaccusative]to,for(indicating purpose, goal or wish)
    Lasst unsauf deine Gesundheit trinken!Let's drinkto your health!
    Sie spielenauf Zeit.They are playingfor time.
  12. [withaccusative]by(used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something)
    Synonym:mal
    Xauf Y Meter großXby Y meters large
    • 2009, Ursula Muscheler,Sternstunden der Architektur: von den Pyramiden bis zum Turmbau von Dubai (Beck'sche Reihe)‎[1], C.H.Beck,→ISBN,→OCLC, page19:
      Im Inneren befindet sich eine 4auf 6 Meter große und 5 Meter hohe Grabkamme . Vor der Pyramide standen vier Säulen , die vermutlich Bronzestatuen des Cestius trugen.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

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  • Auf is aWechselpräposition, meaning that it is used with accusative case when the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with dative case when the verb shows location. In idiomatic combinations with verbs the correct case is not always predictable and must be memorised.
  • Generally speaking,auf is used when referring to something being on a horizontal surface, as opposed toan, which usually points to a vertical surface.
  • Auf is used with language names not preceded by any determiners or adjectives; otherwisein is used. Thus you say somethingauf Englisch(in English), butin gutem Englisch(in good English). The phraseauf gutem Englisch may not be entirely ungrammatical, but it is doubtful and at most informally acceptable.

Inflection

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Pronominal adverbs ofauf
prepositionauf
+wo-worauf
+da-darauf
+hier-hierauf

Derived terms

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  • (auf + das)aufs(standard)
  • (auf + dem)aufm(colloquial only)

Adjective

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auf (indeclinable,predicative only)

  1. (somewhat informal)open
    Synonym:offen
    Antonyms:zu,geschlossen
    Die Tür istauf.The door isopen.

Declension

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Indeclinable, predicative-only.

Adverb

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auf

  1. (colloquial)finished;gone(food)
    Synonym:alle
    Hast du deine Suppeauf?Have youfinished your soup?
    Die Milch is’auf.The milk isgone. (consumed)
  2. (colloquial)up;awake; out ofbed
    Synonyms:aufgestanden,wach
    Ich war um sechs Uhrauf.I wasup at six o'clock.

Usage notes

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  • Compare to the latter example the phrase:Die Milch istaus, which would mean that all the milk has been sold out, e.g. from a supermarket.

Synonyms

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Interjection

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auf

  1. carry on(continue or proceed as before)
  2. have a go

Further reading

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