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astonish

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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From an alteration (due to words ending in-ish:abolish,banish,cherish,establish,furnish, etc.) of earlierastony,astone,aston,astun(“to astonish, confound, stun”), fromMiddle Englishastonien,astunien,astonen,astunen,astounen(“to astound, stun, astonish”), of uncertain origin, possibly fromOld English*āstunian, fromā-(perfective prefix) +stunian(“to make a loud sound, crash, resound, roar, bang, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), fromProto-Germanic*stunōną(“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), fromProto-Indo-European*(s)ten-,*(s)ton-(“to thunder, roar, groan”), equivalent toa- +‎stun. CompareGermanerstaunen(“to astonish, amaze”). Another possible source, or else influence, is Old Frenchestoner,estuner,estonuer,estonner(“to stun”), either from an assumedVulgar Latin*extonāre(“to strike with thunder, daze, stupefy, stun”) from*extonō (ex +‎tono), or from OldFrankish*stunen(“to stun”), related toMiddle High Germanstunen(“to knock, strike, stun”) and then, if not the source, still a cognate of the wordastound.

Pronunciation

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(Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key): /əˈstɒnɪʃ/
(General American)IPA^(key): /əˈstɑnɪʃ/
Audio(US): (file)
Hyphenation:as‧ton‧ish

Verb

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astonish (third-person singular simple presentastonishes,present participleastonishing,simple past and past participleastonished)

Tosurprise greatly.
- 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen],Pride and Prejudice: […], volume(please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] forT[homas] Egerton, […],→OCLC:
  "I have no right to givemy opinion," said Wickham, "as to his being agreeable or otherwise. I am not qualified to form one. I have known him too long and too well to be a fair judge. It is impossible forme to be impartial. But I believe your opinion of him would in generalastonish — and perhaps you would not express it quite so strongly anywhere else. Here you are in your own family."