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arrowroot

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 9 November 2018
EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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A variety of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea;sense 1)
Polynesian arrowroot (Tacca leontopetaloides), a type of arrowroot(sense 2)[n 1]
Therhizomes ofMaranta arundinacea used to make thestarchysubstance known as arrowroot(sense 3) which is used as athickener

FromLokonoaru-aru(literally“meal of meals”), influenced byarrow +‎root because the plant’s “roots” (more accuratelyrhizomes) are used onwounds frompoisondarts toabsorb the poison.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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arrowroot (countable anduncountable,pluralarrowroots)

  1. (countable, uncountable)Maranta arundinacea from theMarantaceaefamily, a largeperennialherb native to theCaribbean area withgreenleaves about 15centimeters long.[from late 17th c.]
    • 1845,Edwin Lankester, “Lecture II. Starch—Potato—Arrow-root—Tapioca—Protein—Wheat—Maize—Rice.”, inReport of Lectures on the Natural History of Plants Yielding Food; […], London:John Churchill, […],→OCLC,page16:
      The East Indiaarrowroot was considered the best; and the French West Indiaarrowroot not so good. The East Indiaarrowroot had the finest grains; the second finest were those from the potato; and third thetous les mois or French West Indiaarrowroot;[…]
    • 2018, Serena A. A. Nasongo, Charlotte de Fraiture, J. B. Okeyo-Owuor, “Trade-offs between Crop Production and Other Benefits Derived from Wetland Areas: Short-term Gain versus Long-term Livelihood Options in Ombeyi Watershed, Kenya”, in John Abbink, editor,The Environmental Crunch in Africa: Growth Narratives vs. Local Realities, Cham, Switzerland:Palgrave Macmillan,→DOI,→ISBN,page68:
      Arrowroots were introduced into the area in early 1983 by an elderly citizen known as Mr. Awondo, who brought it from Central Kenya where it is planted in the moist river beds.[…]Arrowroots thrive where there is enough moisture in the soil for its normal growth and development.
  2. (countable, uncountable)Usually preceded by anattributive word: some otherplant whoserhizomes are used toprepare asubstance similar to arrowroot(sense 3), such asZamia integrifolia (Florida arrowroot) orPueraria montana var.lobata (Japanese arrowroot orkudzu).
    • 1982, Lois Lucas, “Arrowroot:Pia”, inPlants of Old Hawaii, Honolulu, Hi.:Bess Press,→ISBN,page 4:
      Arrowroot (pia) is a member of the Tacca family.[…] The ancient Hawaiians used thearrowroot (pia) as a food and as a medicine.
    • 2017, A. T. Sadashiva, M. V. Bharathkumar, “Japanese Arrowroot”, in M. K. Rana, editor,Vegetable Crop Science, Boca Raton, Fla.:CRC Press,→ISBN:
      The root tubers of Japanesearrowroot can be used either in fresh dried form after cooking in a manner similar to other root crops. The fresh roots are used for the extraction of starch (kudzu powder).[…] Japanesearrowroot plant foliage is also a palatable fodder for farm cattle in the form of hay, pasture or silage, especially in the off season.
  3. (uncountable) Astarchy substance obtained from the rhizomes of an arrowroot plant used as athickener.
    • 1840 February 1, “Medico-botanical Society. Arrow-root, Genuine and Impure.—Test for Ascertaining Its Quality.—Skin Diseases.”, inThomas Wakley, editor,The Lancet, volume I, number857, London: Printed for the editor, by George Churchill, […],→OCLC,page704:
      Dr.Ifill could state, with certainty, that all thearrow-root imported into this country from Barbadoes, was made from the maranta;[…] The difference in the quality of thearrow-roots imported into this country, depended on the care which had been employed in the preparation. The greater number of times thefecula was washed, the purer it would be.
    • 1843,Robley Dunglison, “Demulcents”, inGeneral Therapeutics and Materia Medica, Adapted for a Medical Text Book.[...] In Two Volumes, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard,→OCLC, section VIII (Agents whose Action is Prominently Mechanical),pages396–398:
      [page 396]Arrowroot is thefecula ofMaran′ta arundina′cea orWest Indian arrowroot;Sex. Syst. Monandria Monogynia;Nat. Ord. Marantaceæ; a plant, which is a native of South America and the West Indies, where it is largely cultivated in gardens and provision grounds. The tubers or roots are beaten into a pulp, stirred with cold water, removing the fibres with the hand; the milky juice is passed through a fine sieve, and the starch is allowed to subside in the strained fluid. The fecula is then washed, and dried without heat. This is theArrowroot.[…] [pages 397–398] As an aliment,arrowroot is considered to be less nutritive than wheaten starch, but more palatable and digestible.[…] Boiled in water or milk, it is a very common, and favourite aliment in febrile and inflammatory affections, in chronic diseases, and in convalescence from the acute.
    • 1845,Andrew Ure, “ARROW ROOT”, inRecent Improvements in Arts, Manufactures, and Mines: […], London: Printed forLongman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, […],→OCLC,page10:
      The presence of potato starch inarrow root may be discovered by the microscope.Arrow root consists of regular ovoid particles of nearly equal size, whereas potato starch consists of particles of an irregular ovoid or truncated form, exceedingly irregular in their dimensions, some being so large as1⁄300 of an inch, and others only1⁄2000.
    • 1861,Isabella Beeton, “Chapter XXIX. Recipes.”, inThe Book of Household Management; […], London:S[amuel] O[rchart] Beeton, […],→OCLC, paragraph 1407 (Arrowroot Blanc-mange),page706:
      Mix to a smooth batter thearrowroot with ½ pint of the milk; put the other pint on the fire, with laurel-leaves or lemon-peel, whichever may be preferred, and let the milk steep until it is well flavoured. Then strain the milk, and add it, boiling, to the mixedarrowroot; sweeten it with sifted sugar, and let it boil, stirring it all the time, till it thickens sufficiently to come from the saucepan.
    • 1873 September, P. L. Simmonds, “The Edible Starches of Commerce, Their Production and Consumption”, inCharles F[rederick] Chandler,W[illiam] H[enry] Chandler, editors,The American Chemist: A Monthly Journal of Theoretical, Analytical, and Technical Chemistry, volume IV, number 3, Philadelphia, Pa.:Henry C[harles] Lea,→OCLC,page98, column 2:
      Arrowroot is made fromZamia angustifolia in the Bahamas, etc. Under the local name of Coonti anarrowroot is prepared in Florida from the fecula ofZamia integrifolia.[…]Arrowroot prepared in Queensland fromEncephalartus (Zamia)spiralis was shown in 1872 at the London Exhibition.
    • 1982, Lois Lucas, “Arrowroot:Pia”, inPlants of Old Hawaii, Honolulu, Hi.:Bess Press,→ISBN,page 4:
      For food, they [ancient Hawaiians] mixed thearrowroot with coconut cream or milk (wai o ka nui), or wrapped it in tī (kī) leaves. Also they steamed thearrowroot in animu to make the desserthaupia.
    • 1996,Rachel Laudan, “The Coconut and the Arrowroot”, inThe Food of Paradise: Exploring Hawaii’s Culinary Heritage (Kolowalu Book), Honolulu, Hi.:University of Hawaiʻi Press,→ISBN, part 4 (In the Beginning),pages229–230:
      The Hawaiian dessert most commonly encountered by visitors is haupia. At every commercial luau, a thick and stodgy pudding of cornstarch and coconut milk is cut into squares and served on pieces of green ti leaf. This version is a long way from the original.[…] [T]he coconut milk should be thickened withpia, the Polynesianarrowroot.[…] The most highly regarded "arrowroot" is West Indian (Maranta arundinacea);[…] Haupia made with this West Indianarrowroot was indeed creamier, almost gelatinous, nothing like so solid and pasty, and with a clearer flavor than haupia made with cornstarch. It is worth seeking outarrowroot, with the caveat that you may not be getting what you expect.
  4. Other plants with similar appearance or properties, such ascommon yarrow (Achillea millefolium)|

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Terms derived fromarrowroot

Translations

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Maranta arundinacea
starchy substance

Notes

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  1. ^In theBrisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, inToowong,Queensland,Australia.

References

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  1. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025), “arrow-root”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary, retrieved20 June 2018;“arrowroot”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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