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ard

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "ard"

English

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ard (plough) on Wikipedia

ard (pluralards)

A simpleplough consisting of aspike dragged through thesoil.[20th c.]

Synonyms

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Translations

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simple plough

Anagrams

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-dar,ADR,DAR,DRA,Dar,Dra,RAD,RDA,dar,rad,rad.

Azerbaijani

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Other scripts
Cyrillic		ард
Abjad		آرد

Etymology

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FromProto-Common Turkic*ārt.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ɑrd]
Audio: (file)

Noun

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ard (definite accusativeardı,pluralardlar)

back,rear
Synonyms:arxa,dal
Antonyms:qabaq,ön
sequel,continuation; something which is continued
Synonyms:davam,dal

Declension

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Declension ofard
	singular	plural
nominative	ard	ardlar
definite accusative	ardı	ardları
dative	arda	ardlara
locative	ardda	ardlarda
ablative	arddan	ardlardan
definite genitive	ardın	ardların

Possessive forms ofard
	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	ardım	ardlarım
sənin(“your”)	ardın	ardların
onun(“his/her/its”)	ardı	ardları
bizim(“our”)	ardımız	ardlarımız
sizin(“your”)	ardınız	ardlarınız
onların(“their”)	ardı orardları	ardları

	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	ardımı	ardlarımı
sənin(“your”)	ardını	ardlarını
onun(“his/her/its”)	ardını	ardlarını
bizim(“our”)	ardımızı	ardlarımızı
sizin(“your”)	ardınızı	ardlarınızı
onların(“their”)	ardını orardlarını	ardlarını

	dative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	ardıma	ardlarıma
sənin(“your”)	ardına	ardlarına
onun(“his/her/its”)	ardına	ardlarına
bizim(“our”)	ardımıza	ardlarımıza
sizin(“your”)	ardınıza	ardlarınıza
onların(“their”)	ardına orardlarına	ardlarına

	locative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	ardımda	ardlarımda
sənin(“your”)	ardında	ardlarında
onun(“his/her/its”)	ardında	ardlarında
bizim(“our”)	ardımızda	ardlarımızda
sizin(“your”)	ardınızda	ardlarınızda
onların(“their”)	ardında orardlarında	ardlarında

	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	ardımdan	ardlarımdan
sənin(“your”)	ardından	ardlarından
onun(“his/her/its”)	ardından	ardlarından
bizim(“our”)	ardımızdan	ardlarımızdan
sizin(“your”)	ardınızdan	ardlarınızdan
onların(“their”)	ardından orardlarından	ardlarından

	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim(“my”)	ardımın	ardlarımın
sənin(“your”)	ardının	ardlarının
onun(“his/her/its”)	ardının	ardlarının
bizim(“our”)	ardımızın	ardlarımızın
sizin(“your”)	ardınızın	ardlarınızın
onların(“their”)	ardının orardlarının	ardlarının

Derived terms

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Danish

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Etymology

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FromOld Norsearðr(“plough, ard”), fromProto-Germanic*arþrą, cognate withSwedishårder andNorwegian Bokmålard (whence (Englishard). The Germanic word is related toLatinarātrum(“plough”) andAncient Greekἄροτρον(árotron,“plough”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ˈɑˀd̥]

Noun

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ard c (singular definitearden,plural indefinitearder)

(historical)plough,ard

Declension

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Declension ofard
common gender	singular		plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ard	arden	arder	arderne
genitive	ards	ardens	arders	ardernes

Irish

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Alternative forms

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arad(nonstandard)
árd(obsolete)

Etymology

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FromOld Irishard,^[1] fromProto-Celtic*ardwos (compareWelshardd) fromProto-Indo-European*h₃erdʰ- (compareLatinarduus).

Pronunciation

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(Munster, Connacht)IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠd̪ˠ/^[2]^[3]
(Ulster)IPA^(key): /aːɾˠd̪ˠ/^[4]

Adjective

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ard (genitive singular masculineaird,genitive singular feminineairde,pluralarda,comparativeairde)

Declension

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Declension ofard
Positive	singular		plural
Positive	masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	ard	ard	arda
vocative	aird	ard	arda
genitive	aird	airde	arda	ard
dative	ard	ard; aird(archaic)	arda

Comparative	níosairde
Superlative	isairde

Derived terms

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airde f(“height; elevation; altitude; level; volume, pitch”)
ard-(“high; arch-, chief; excellent, noble; advanced”)

Noun

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ard m (genitive singularaird,nominative pluralarda)

height,hillock
top, high part
elevation(of land)
head(of sand, clay)
rise
ascent

Declension

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Declension ofard (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	ard	arda
vocative	aaird	aarda
genitive	aird	ard
dative	ard	arda

forms with thedefinite article
	singular	plural
nominative	ant-ard	naharda
genitive	anaird	nan-ard
dative	leis anard donard	leis naharda

Derived terms

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os ard

Mutation

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Mutated forms ofard
radical	eclipsis	withh-prothesis	witht-prothesis
ard	n-ard	hard	t-ard

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

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^Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ard”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931)Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux,§ 256, page130
^Finck, F. N. (1899)Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page16
^Quiggin, E. C. (1906)A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press,§ 275, page97

Manx

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Etymology

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FromOld Irishard, fromProto-Celtic*ardwos (compareWelshardd) fromProto-Indo-European*h₃erdʰwós, from*h₃erdʰ- (compareLatinarduus).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /aːrd/,(also)/əːrd/

Adjective

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ard (pluralardey,comparativesyrjey)

Noun

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ard m (genitive singularard,pluralardjyn)

height,high place

Noun

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ard m (genitive singularard,pluralardjyn)

Derived terms

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References

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Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ard”, ineDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Megleno-Romanian

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Verb

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ard

Alternative form ofardu

Northern Kurdish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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ComparePersianآرد(ârd,“flour”),Avestan𐬀𐬴𐬀(aṣ̌a,“ground”) andOld Armenianաղամ(ałam).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɑːɾd/

Noun

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ard m (Arabic spellingئارد)

flour
Synonym:arvan

Declension

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Declension ofard
definite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	ard	ard
construct	ardê	ardên
oblique	ardî	ardan
demonstrative oblique	wîardî	wanardan
vocative	ardo	ardino

indefinite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	ardek	ardin
construct	ardekî	ardine
oblique	ardekî	ardinan

References

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Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ard”, inFerhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press,page11

Old Irish

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Etymology

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FromProto-Celtic*ardwos (compareWelshardd) fromProto-Indo-European*h₃erdʰwós, from*h₃erdʰ- (compareLatinarduus).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): [ar͈d]

Adjective

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ard (equativeardithir,comparativeardu,superlativeardam)

high
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published inThesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23^d23
  Cía thés hí loc besardu, níardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩miardu-ni de tri dul isna lucuarda.
  Though he may go into ahigher place, he is not thehigher; this is not the case for us, for we are thehigher through going into thehigh places.

Inflection

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o/ā-stem
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	ard	ard	ard
vocative	aird* ard**	ard
accusative	ard	aird
genitive	aird	ardae	aird
dative	ard	aird	ard
plural	masculine	feminine/neuter
nominative	aird	arda
vocative	ardu arda†
accusative	ardu arda†
genitive	ard
dative	ardaib

*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative
**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Noun

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ard n (genitiveaird,nominative pluralarda)

height

Inflection

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Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ard^N	ard^N	ard^L,arda
vocative	ard^N	ard^N	ard^L,arda
accusative	ard^N	ard^N	ard^L,arda
genitive	aird^L	ard	ard^N
dative	ard^L	ardaib	ardaib