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ar

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "ar"
Languages (47)
Translingual • English
Abinomn • Albanian • Aromanian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Breton • Chuukese • Cimbrian • Czech • Danish • Dutch • East Central German • Galician • Hausa • Irish • Italian • Jamaican Creole • Kalasha • Khasi • Latgalian • Latvian • Lithuanian • Malay • Megleno-Romanian • Middle English • Middle Welsh • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old English • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Swedish • Pnar • Polabian • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Swedish • Tagalog • Turkish • Welsh • Yola
Page categories

Translingual

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Etymology

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Abbreviation ofEnglishArabic

Symbol

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ar

  1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language code forArabic.

See also

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English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle English*ar,arres pl, from earlier*er.

Noun

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ar (pluralars)

  1. The name of theLatin-script letterR/r.
    All thears in the inscription.
    • 2004, Will Rogers,The Stonking Steps, page170:
      I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.
    • 2016 CCEB,Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures: ACP125 (G), p. 3-5
      RV [is spoken] as "ar-vee" instead of "I SPELL Romeo Victor".
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Malay:ar
  • Tagalog:ar
Translations
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name of the letter R, r

See also

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Etymology 2

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Interjection

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ar

  1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands)Alternative form ofarr
Derived terms
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Particle

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ar

  1. (UK, West Country, West Midlands)Alternative form ofarr

Etymology 3

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Verb

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ar

  1. Obsolete spelling ofare.
    • 1570,Roger Ascham,The Scholemaster:
      But commonlie, the fairest bodies,ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.

Etymology 4

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Particle

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ar

  1. (Manglish, Singlish)Alternative form ofah(question particle)

Anagrams

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Abinomn

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Noun

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ar

  1. Pometia pinnata

Albanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed throughVulgar Latin fromLatinaurum(gold).[2][3] Considering the rendering of Latinau- as Albanianā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ar m (definiteari)[4]

  1. (chemistry)gold
    Synonyms:flori,dukat
    • 1555,Gjon Buzuku,Meshari:
      Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome seari.
      The temptations of her religion are more precious than(the) gold.
  2. (figurative)treasure,gem
    Synonym:thesar
  3. goldenthread
Declension
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Declension ofar
singular
indefinitedefinite
nominativearari
accusativearin
dat./abl.ariarit
Derived terms
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Adjective

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ar (feminineare)

  1. golden
    Synonyms:artë,flori
    Ai/ajo e ka zemrënar.He/she has agolden heart.
  2. (figurative)precious
    Synonym:çmueshëm
  3. (figurative)yellow;white,bright
    Synonyms:verdhë,lylc,bardhë,ndritshëm
  4. (figurative)blonde,bright,light(hair)
    Synonym:biond

Etymology 2

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Probably viaFrenchare(are).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ar m (pluralarë, definiteari, definite pluralarët)[5]

  1. are(unit ofarea; abbrev.a)
    (metricunit of measure:) 1a = 100 (m²)squaremeters = ~119.6squareyards
    Synonym:a(abbrev.)
Declension
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Declension ofar
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativearariarëarët
accusativearin
dativeariaritarëvearëve
ablativearësh

References

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  1. ^Jungg,G. (1895) “aar”, inFialuur i voghel sccȣp e ltinisct [Small Albanian–Italian dictionary],page 1
  2. ^Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “ar”, inAlbanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill,→ISBN, page 7
  3. ^Topalli, Kolec (2017) “ar”, inFjalor Etimologjik i Gjuhës Shqipe [Etymological Dictionary of the Albanian Language] (in Albanian), Durrës, Albania: Jozef, page111
  4. ^ar”, inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006
  5. ^ar”, inFGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian),2006

Aromanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinarō. Compare Daco-Romanianara,ar.

Verb

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arfirst-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicativearã,past participlearatã)

  1. toplough

Related terms

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Azerbaijani

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromArabicعَار(ʕār).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ar (definite accusativearı,pluralarlar)

  1. feeling ofshame

Declension

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Declension ofar
singularplural
nominativeararlar
definite accusativearıarları
dativearaarlara
locativeardaarlarda
ablativeardanarlardan
definite genitivearınarların
Possessive forms ofar
nominative
singularplural
mənim(my)arımarlarım
sənin(your)arınarların
onun(his/her/its)arıarları
bizim(our)arımızarlarımız
sizin(your)arınızarlarınız
onların(their)arı orarlarıarları
accusative
singularplural
mənim(my)arımıarlarımı
sənin(your)arınıarlarını
onun(his/her/its)arınıarlarını
bizim(our)arımızıarlarımızı
sizin(your)arınızıarlarınızı
onların(their)arını orarlarınıarlarını
dative
singularplural
mənim(my)arımaarlarıma
sənin(your)arınaarlarına
onun(his/her/its)arınaarlarına
bizim(our)arımızaarlarımıza
sizin(your)arınızaarlarınıza
onların(their)arına orarlarınaarlarına
locative
singularplural
mənim(my)arımdaarlarımda
sənin(your)arındaarlarında
onun(his/her/its)arındaarlarında
bizim(our)arımızdaarlarımızda
sizin(your)arınızdaarlarınızda
onların(their)arında orarlarındaarlarında
ablative
singularplural
mənim(my)arımdanarlarımdan
sənin(your)arındanarlarından
onun(his/her/its)arındanarlarından
bizim(our)arımızdanarlarımızdan
sizin(your)arınızdanarlarınızdan
onların(their)arından orarlarındanarlarından
genitive
singularplural
mənim(my)arımınarlarımın
sənin(your)arınınarlarının
onun(his/her/its)arınınarlarının
bizim(our)arımızınarlarımızın
sizin(your)arınızınarlarınızın
onların(their)arının orarlarınınarlarının

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Basque

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ar inan oranim

  1. male

Declension

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Declension ofar(animate and inanimate, ending in-r)
indefinitesingularplural
absolutiveararraarrak
ergativearrekarrakarrek
dativearriarrariarrei
genitivearrenarrarenarren
comitativearrekinarrarekinarrekin
causativearrengatikarrarengatikarrengatik
benefactivearrentzatarrarentzatarrentzat
instrumentalarrezarrazarrez
inessiveanimarrenganarrarenganarrengan
inanarretanarreanarretan
locativeanim
inanarretakoarrekoarretako
allativeanimarrenganaarrarenganaarrengana
inanarretaraarreraarretara
terminativeanimarrenganainoarrarenganainoarrenganaino
inanarretarainoarrerainoarretaraino
directiveanimarrenganantzarrarenganantzarrenganantz
inanarretarantzarrerantzarretarantz
destinativeanimarrenganakoarrarenganakoarrenganako
inanarretarakoarrerakoarretarako
ablativeanimarrengandikarrarengandikarrengandik
inanarretatikarretikarretatik
partitivearrik
prolativeartzat

Breton

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Article

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ar

  1. the

See also

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Chuukese

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Determiner

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ar

  1. third person plural general possessive;their

Related terms

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Chuukese possessive determiners
small objects, conceptslarge objects, living thingssuffix
singularfirst personainei-ei
second personomw,omnoum-om
third personannoun-an
pluralfirst personäm (exclusive)
ach (inclusive)
nöu̇m (exclusive)
nöüch (inclusive)
-em (exclusive)
-ach (inclusive)
second personämi,aminoumi-emi
third personarnour-er

Cimbrian

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle High Germanahorn, fromOld High Germanahorn. Cognate withGermanAhorn.

Noun

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ar m

  1. (Luserna)maple,maple tree
Alternative forms
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References

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Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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ar

  1. (Sette Comuni)Short forèar(he).
    Ar khimmet lóofanten.
    He comes running.

References

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  • “ar” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Czech

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Etymology

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FromFrenchare, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation fromLatinarea, a piece of level ground.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ar inan

  1. are(unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

Declension

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Declension ofar (hard masculine inanimate)
singularplural
nominativearary
genitivearuarů
dativearuarům
accusativearary
vocativeareary
locativearuarech
instrumentalaremary

Related terms

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References

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  1. ^Jiří Rejzek (2007) “ar”, inČeský etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda

Further reading

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  • ar”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
  • ar”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

Danish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Norseørr.

Noun

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ar n (singular definitearret,plural indefinitear)

  1. scar
  2. (slang)mouth
Inflection
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Declension ofar
neuter
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeararretararrene
genitivearsarretsarsarrenes
Derived terms
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Verb

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ar

  1. imperative ofarre

Etymology 2

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FromFrenchare, fromLatinārea(open space).

Noun

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ar c (singular definitearen,plural indefinitear)

  1. are(square decametre, 100 m²)
Inflection
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Declension ofar
common
gender
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeararenararene
genitivearsarensarsarenes

Further reading

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Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Dutcharre,erre,irre, fromOld Dutch*irri, fromProto-Germanic*irzijaz.

Adjective

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ar (comparativearder,superlativearst)

  1. (obsolete)angry,furious
  2. (archaic)sorry,sad,regrettable
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Back-formation fromarrenslee (see there for further etymology).

Noun

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ar m orf (pluralarren,diminutivearretje n)

  1. (obsolete)sledge
Related terms
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East Central German

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Etymology

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CompareGermaner.

Pronoun

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ar

  1. (Erzgebirgisch)he

Further reading

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  • 2020 June 11, Hendrik Heidler,Hendrik Heidler's 400 Seiten: Echtes Erzgebirgisch: Wuu de Hasen Hoosn haaßn un de Hosen Huusn do sei mir drhamm: Das Original Wörterbuch: Ratgeber und Fundgrube der erzgebirgischen Mund- und Lebensart: Erzgebirgisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Erzgebirgisch[1], 3. geänderte Auflage edition, Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand,→ISBN,→OCLC, page17:

Galician

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Etymology 1

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FromOld Galician-Portugueseaar, from an olderaere, fromLatinaēr.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ar m (pluralares)

  1. air

Etymology 2

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Unknown

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ar

  1. (archaic)furthermore,in addition
  2. (archaic)never

References

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Hausa

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ʔár/
    • (Standard Kano Hausa)IPA(key): [ʔár]
  • Hyphenation:ar̃

Interjection

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ar̃

  1. damn it

Irish

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Etymology 1

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From a conflation of threeOld Irish prepositions:

  1. ar(for) (triggering lenition), fromProto-Celtic*ɸare(in front of), fromProto-Indo-European*pr̥h₂i. Cognates includeAncient Greekπαρά(pará,beside) andEnglishfore.
  2. for(on) (triggering no mutation), fromProto-Celtic*uɸer(over, on) (compareWelshar,Bretonwar), fromProto-Indo-European*upér (compareLatinsuper,Ancient Greekὑπέρ(hupér),Old Englishofer).
  3. íar(after) (triggering eclipsis), fromProto-Celtic*eɸirom(after, behind), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁epi.

Cognates includeManxer andScottish Gaelicair.

The pronunciation is taken from the third-person singular masculine inflected formair, although the spellings remain distinct in the standard language.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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ar (plus dative,triggers no mutation in general references butlenition in qualified or particularized references,triggerseclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

  1. on
  2. Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
    Tá áthasorm.
    I am glad.
    (literally, “Joy ison me.”)
    Tá ocrasorm.
    I am hungry.
    (literally, “Hunger ison me.”)
    Tá slaghdánorm.
    I have a cold.
    (literally, “A cold ison me.”)
  3. Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
    ar crithtrembling
    ar foluainhovering
    ar díolfor sale
  4. upon(with a verbal noun plus personal form ofdo indicating the subject of the verb)
    ar éirí domwhen I get/got up; upon my rising
  5. upon(witha(his, her, their)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
    ar a theacht /arna theachtwhen he comes/came; on his coming
    ar a chríochnú dom /arna chríochnú domwhen I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it
  6. (in conjunction with the verb)must,have to
    Bhíorainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.
    We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.
Inflection
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Inflection ofar
Person:simpleemphatic
singularfirstormormsa
secondortortsa
thirdmairairsean
fuirthiuirthise
pluralfirstorainnorainne
secondoraibhoraibhse
thirdorthuorthusan
Derived terms
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See also:Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "ar"

Etymology 2

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an +‎-r

Particle

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ar(triggerslenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Used to form direct and indirect questions
    Ar chuala tú mé?Did you hear me?
    Níl a fhios agamar chas sé an t-amhrán.I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.
    Ar ól an cat an bainne?Did the cat drink the milk?
    Ar cuireadh an síol?Was the seed sown?
  2. Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
    Ar mhúinteoir tú?Were you a teacher?
Related terms
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  • an(used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

Particle

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ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggerslenition in the past/conditional)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
    an fearar múinteoir a mhacthe man whose son is a teacher
    an fearar iascaire a mhacthe man whose son is a fisherman
  2. Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
    an fearar mhúinteoir a mhacthe man whose son was a teacher
  3. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
    Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?
    Would you like a cup of tea?
    Níl a fhios agamar mhaith léi cupán tae.
    I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.
Related terms
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Irish copular forms
simple copular forms
affirmativenegativeinterrogativenegative
interrogative
present/future
main clauseisannach
relative clausedirectnach
indirectar,arbv
other subordinate clausegur,gurbvannach
past/conditional
main clauseba,b’vníor,níorbhvar,arbhvnár,nárbhv
relative clausedirectba,abvnár,nárbhv
indirectar,arbhv
other subordinate clausegur,gurbhvar,arbhvnár,nárbhv
present subjunctive
gura,gurabvnára,nárabv
compound copular forms
base wordpresent/futurepast/conditional
cár,cárbvcár,cárbhv
cér,cérbvcér,cérbhv
mba,mb’v
de/dodar,darbvdar,darbhv
faoifaoinar,faoinarbvfaoinar,faoinarbhv
iinar,inarbvinar,inarbhv
lelenar,lenarbvlenar,lenarbhv
másba,b’v
muramura,murabvmurar,murarbhv
ó(prep.)ónar,ónarbvónar,ónarbhv
ó(conj.)ósóba,ób’v
trítrínar,trínarbvtrínar,trínarbhv

v Used before vowel sounds

Etymology 3

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a +‎-r

Particle

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ar (triggerslenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. Introduces an indirect relative clause
    an chathaoirar shuigh an gasúr airthe chair the boy sat on
    an cailínar ól a cat an bainnethe girl whose cat drank the milk
    an gortar cuireadh an síol annthe field the seed was sown in
Related terms
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  • a(used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Pronoun

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ar (triggerslenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

  1. allthat,whatever
    Sinar chonnaic mé ann.
    That’s all that I saw there.
    Ar thuig túar canadh?
    Did you understand all that was sung?
    Cheannaigh méar íoc tú as.
    I bought whatever you paid for.
Related terms
[edit]
  • a(form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

Etymology 4

[edit]

FromMiddle Irishol, fromOld Irishol.

Verb

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ar(used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

  1. said,says
    “Tar isteach,”ar seisean.
    “Come in,” he said.
    “Ní thuigim,”ar sise.
    “I don’t understand,” she says.
    “Cén fáth?”ar siadsan.
    “Why?” they said.
Related terms
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  • arsa(used with other persons and with full nouns)

Etymology 5

[edit]

Old Irishar(ploughing, ploughed land), verbal noun ofairid(to plough).

Noun

[edit]

ar m (genitive singularair)

  1. (literary, agriculture)verbal noun ofair(plough)
  2. (literary, agriculture)tillage
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofar (first declension, no plural)
forms with thedefinite article
singular
nominativeant-ar
genitiveanair
dativeleis anar
donar

Mutation

[edit]
Mutated forms ofar
radicaleclipsiswithh-prothesiswitht-prothesis
arn-arhart-ar

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

[edit]
  1. ^Quiggin, E. C. (1906)A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page100

Further reading

[edit]

Italian

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Pronunciation

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Contraction

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ar

  1. (Rome)Contraction ofaer(to the, at the).

Jamaican Creole

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Derived fromEnglishor.

Conjunction

[edit]

ar

  1. or
    • 2023,Yuunivorshal Deklarieshan a Yuuman Raits, United Nations, Aatikl 17:
      Evribadi av di rait fi uon prapati bai demselfar wid ada piipl.
      Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
      (literally, “Everybody have the right to own property by themselvesor with other people.”)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ar

  1. her
    • 2012,Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published2012,→ISBN,Maak 7:30:
      Wen shi riich uom shi siar pikni lai dong pan ar bed an di diiman gaan outaar.
      She went home and found the child lying on the bed, the demon gone.
      (literally, “When she went home she sawher child lying on the bed and the demon had gone out ofher.”)

Further reading

[edit]
  • ar at majstro.com

Kalasha

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromSanskritआरा(ārā), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁óleh₂(awl). Cognate withGermanAhle,Englishawl.

Noun

[edit]

ar

  1. awl

Khasi

[edit]
Khasi cardinal numbers
 <  123  > 
   Cardinal :ar

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Khasian*ʔaːr, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*ɓaar. Cognate withPnarar,Blanglál,Bahnarʼbar,Khmerពីរ(pii),Vietnamesehai,Santaliᱵᱟᱨ(bar).

Numeral

[edit]

ar

  1. two

Latgalian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Balto-Slavic*ár. Cognates includeLatvianar(with) and dialectalLithuanianar(and).

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [ˈâr]
  • Hyphenation:ar

Preposition

[edit]

ar (+ instrumental)

  1. with

References

[edit]
  • Nicole Nau (2011)A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH,→ISBN

Latvian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Indo-European*h₂er- Cognate withLithuanianar(whether, if, and),Ancient Greekἄρα(ára,then).

Preposition

[edit]

ar (with instrumental)

  1. with

Verb

[edit]

ar

  1. inflection ofart:
    1. second/third-personsingularpresentindicative
    2. third-personpluralpresentindicative
    3. second-personsingularimperative
  2. (with the particlelai)third-personsingularimperative ofart
  3. (with the particlelai)third-personpluralimperative ofart

Lithuanian

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Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Indo-European*h₂er-(thus, so), thought to be a specialized conjunctional usage of the Proto-Indo-European root's usual "to fit" meaning. Cognate withLatvianar(whether, if, with),Ancient Greekἄρα(ára,then).[1][2]

Conjunction

[edit]

ar̃

  1. (interrogative)whether,if
    Arnoritevalgyti?Do you want to eat?
    Nežinau,artaitiesa,arne.I don't knowwhether that is trueor not.
  2. (dialectal)and

Usage notes

[edit]

Although commonly placed at the start of a sentence to form a yes/no question, it is not necessary to usear to form such a question. Intonation alone can accomplish that. Additionally, there are other particles that can be used for the same purpose:ar̃gi,,benè,gál,kaži̇̀n,nègi,nejaũ,nejaũgi.

See also

[edit]
  • czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)

References

[edit]
  1. ^Derksen, Rick (2015) “ar”, inEtymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series;13), Leiden, Boston: Brill,→ISBN,page59
  2. ^Vytautas Ambrazas (2006)Lithuanian Grammar, 2nd revised edition,→ISBN, pages400, 428, 597, 712–713

Further reading

[edit]
  • ar”, inLietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt,1941–2025
  • ar”, inDabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt,1954–2025

Malay

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromEnglishar.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ar (pluralar-ar)

  1. The name of theLatin-script letterR/r.

Synonyms

[edit]
  • er(Indonesian)
  • ra(Jawi letter name)

See also

[edit]

Megleno-Romanian

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromLatinarō.[1] CompareRomanianara, ar.

Verb

[edit]

ar

  1. plough

Related terms

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Atasanov, Petar (1990)Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske
  1. ^https://www.dex.ro/ara

Middle English

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

ar

  1. (chiefly Kent and West Midlands)Alternative form ofhere(their)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ar

  1. (Northern)Alternative form ofore(honour)

Middle Welsh

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Brythonic*ar, fromProto-Celtic*ɸare.

Preposition

[edit]

ar (triggers lenition)

  1. on,upon
  2. over,of(of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
Inflection
[edit]
  • First-person singular:arnaf
  • Second-person singular:arnat
  • Third-person singular masculine:arnaw
  • Third-person singular feminine:arnei,erni
  • First-person plural:arnam
  • Second-person plural:arnawch
  • Third-person plural:arnunt
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronoun

[edit]

ar

  1. he/shewho,whoever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
      Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
  2. thatwhich,whatever
    • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
      Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno nocar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
      What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

Northern Kurdish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Iranian*āθ(a)r-, from*HáHtr̥š, fromProto-Indo-Iranian*HáHtr̥š(fire), fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eh₁ter-(fire).

Noun

[edit]

ar m (Arabic spellingئار)

  1. fire
    Synonyms:agir,alav,pêt
  2. ash,ashes
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofar
definite masculine gender
casesingularplural
nominativearar
constructarêarên
obliquearîaran
demonstrative obliquearîwanaran
vocativearoarino
indefinite masculine gender
casesingularplural
nominativearekarin
constructarekîarine
obliquearekîarinan
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ar m (Arabic spellingئار)

  1. Alternative form ofard(flour)
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofar
definite masculine gender
casesingularplural
nominativearar
constructarêarên
obliquearîaran
demonstrative obliquearîwanaran
vocativearoarino
indefinite masculine gender
casesingularplural
nominativearekarin
constructarekîarine
obliquearekîarinan

Etymology 3

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ar ?

  1. shame,disgrace
    Synonym:'ar
  2. are(square decametre, 100 m²)
  3. Abbreviation ofargon.

References

[edit]
  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar I”, inFerhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press,page10
  • Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar II”, inFerhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press,page10

Norwegian Bokmål

[edit]
NorwegianWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediano

Etymology

[edit]

FromFrenchare(are), fromLatinārea(a piece of level ground, vacant ground, house ground),either fromProto-Italic*āzeā, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, from*h₂eHs-(to become dry, burn; hearth, ashes),or fromProto-Italic*āreā, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, from*h₂eh₂rh₃-(threshing tool).

Noun

[edit]

ar n (definite singulararet,indefinite pluralar,definite pluralaraorarene)

  1. anare, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Norwegian Nynorsk

[edit]
Norwegian NynorskWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediann

Etymology

[edit]

FromFrenchare, fromLatinarea.

Noun

[edit]

ar n (definite singulararet,indefinite pluralar,definite pluralara)

  1. anare, area of 100 square metres

Derived terms

[edit]

References

[edit]

Old English

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*aiʀu(respect, honour). Cognate withGermanEhre.

Alternative forms

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ār f

  1. honour,glory,grace
    • Exeter Book,The Wanderer
      Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
      Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ
      A loner oft waits agrace for himself,
      Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful
Declension
[edit]

Strongō-stem:

singularplural
nominativeārāra,āre
accusativeāreāra,āre
genitiveāreāra
dativeāreārum
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*aiʀ. Cognate withOld Norseeir(brass, copper),Germanehern(of metal, of iron),Gothic𐌰𐌹𐌶(aiz,ore), fromProto-Indo-European*áyos, h₂éyos. CompareDutchoer(iron-holding earth). CompareLatinaes(bronze, copper),Avestan𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵(aiiah),Sanskritअयस्(áyas,copper, iron).

Noun

[edit]

ār n

  1. ore,brass,copper
Declension
[edit]

Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativeārār
accusativeārār
genitiveāresāra
dativeāreārum
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*airu(oar), fromProto-Germanic*airō(oar). Cognate withOld Norseár,Danishåre,Swedishåra.

Noun

[edit]

ār f

  1. oar
Declension
[edit]

Strongō-stem:

singularplural
nominativeārāra,āre
accusativeāreāra,āre
genitiveāreāra
dativeāreārum
Descendants
[edit]

Etymology 4

[edit]

FromProto-West Germanic*airu(messenger), fromProto-Germanic*airuz. Cognate withOld Saxonēru,Old Norseárr,Gothic𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃(airus).

Noun

[edit]

ār m

  1. messenger,herald
    • 8th-11th century,Beowulf,ll. 335-6:
      Ic eom Hroðgaresar ond ombiht.
      I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.
  2. angel
  3. missionary
Declension
[edit]

Stronga-stem:

singularplural
nominativeārāras
accusativeārāras
genitiveāresāra
dativeāreārum

Old Galician-Portuguese

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

fromLatinre-(again).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

ar

  1. also
  2. again

Descendants

[edit]
  • Portuguese:er

Old Irish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromProto-Celtic*ɸare(in front of), fromProto-Indo-European*pr̥h₂í. Cognates includeAncient Greekπαραί(paraí,beside) andOld Englishfore (modernEnglishfor andfore).

Preposition

[edit]

ar (with accusative or dative)

  1. for,for the sake of,because of

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:ar.

Inflection
[edit]
Inflection ofar
Person:normalemphatic
singularfirstairium,erum,erumm,eromerumsa
secondairiut,aurut,erut,ærut,airuterutsu
third
m orn
dativeairiu
accusativeairi
third
f
dative
accusativeairri,airre
pluralfirstairiund,erunn,erund,erond,eronn,airriun,airund
secondairibairibsi,airiu(i)bsi,eruibsi
thirddativeairib,airaib
accusativeair(r)iu,err(i)u,erro,erthu,airthiu,airthoair(r)iusom,err(i)usom

Forms combined with the definite article:

  • masculine/feminine accusative singular:arin
  • neuter accusative singular:ara
  • dative singular all genders:arin(d),airind(í)
  • accusative plural all genders:arna
  • dative plural all genders:a(i)rnaib

Forms combined with a possessive determiner:

  • first person singular:armo
  • third person singular and plural:ara

Form combined with the relative particle:ara

Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ar

  1. Alternative spelling ofair(for, since)

Further reading

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

FromProto-Celtic*anserom, fromProto-Indo-European*n̥serōm, from*nos(we, us); compareGermanunser.

Determiner

[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:ar.

Descendants
[edit]
  • Irish:ár
  • Scottish Gaelic:ar

Further reading

[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromProto-Celtic*arom, whence alsoWelshâr; ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₂erh₃-(to plow).

Noun

[edit]

ar n (genitiveaire,no plural)

  1. verbal noun ofairid:ploughing,tilling
  2. ploughed land,cultivated land
Inflection
[edit]
Neuter o-stem
singulardualplural
nominativearNarNarL,ara
vocativearNarNarL,ara
accusativearNarNarL,ara
genitiveairLararN
dativearLaraibaraib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Neuter s-stem
singulardualplural
nominativearNarNaireL
vocativearNarNaireL
accusativearNarNaireL
genitiveaireLaireaireN
dativeairLairibairib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
[edit]
Descendants
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]

Mutation

[edit]
Mutation ofar
radicallenitionnasalization
ar
(pronounced with/h/ inh-prothesis environments)
unchangedn-ar

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Swedish

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Norseár, fromProto-Germanic*jērą.

Noun

[edit]

ār n

  1. year

Declension

[edit]
Declension of ār (stronga-stem)
neutersingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativeārāritārārin
accusativeārāritārārin
dativeāri,āreārinu,ārenoārum,āromārumin,āromen
genitiveārsārsinsāraāranna

Descendants

[edit]

Pnar

[edit]
Pnar cardinal numbers
 <  123  > 
   Cardinal :ar
   Ordinal :waar

Etymology

[edit]

FromProto-Khasian*ʔaːr, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*ɓaar. Cognate withKhasiar,Blanglál,Bahnarʼbar,Khmerពីរ(pii),Vietnamesehai,Santaliᱵᱟᱨ(bar).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Numeral

[edit]

ar

  1. two

Polabian

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Borrowed fromLow Germanor.

Conjunction

[edit]

ar

  1. or
    Synonym:

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowed fromLow Germanher.

Adverb

[edit]

ar

  1. here
Alternative forms
[edit]

References

[edit]
  • The templateTemplate:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s):
    3=1
    Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.
    Lehr-Spławiński, T.,Polański, K. (1962) “I. ar”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page19
  • The templateTemplate:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s):
    3=1
    Please seeModule:checkparams for help with this warning.
    Lehr-Spławiński, T.,Polański, K. (1962) “II. ar||er”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page19
  • Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “ar I.”, inPolabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page34
  • Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “ar//er II.”, inPolabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page34
  • Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “ar”, inThesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag,→ISBN, page 7
  • Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Err”, inThesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag,→ISBN, page266

Polish

[edit]
PolishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediapl

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchare.

Noun

[edit]

ar inan (abbreviationa)

  1. are(square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofar
singularplural
nominativearary
genitivearaarów
dativearowiarom
accusativearary
instrumentalaremarami
locativearzearach
vocativearzeary

Etymology 2

[edit]

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

Noun

[edit]

ar pl

  1. genitiveplural ofara

Further reading

[edit]
  • ar inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • ar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromOld Galician-Portugueseaar,aire,aere, fromLatināēr, fromAncient Greekἀήρ(aḗr,air), fromProto-Indo-European*h₂weh₁-(to blow).

Pronunciation

[edit]
 
 

Noun

[edit]

ar m (pluralares)

  1. air
  2. look,air (aspect)

Quotations

[edit]

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:ar.

Derived terms

[edit]

Related terms

[edit]

Romanian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From older Romanianară,are, presumably fromLatinhabēret (for the singular) andhabērent (for the plural). See alsoare.

Verb

[edit]

(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary,third-personsingular form ofavea,used withinfinitives to formconditional tenses)

  1. (he/she)would

Verb

[edit]

(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary,third-personplural form ofavea,used withinfinitives to formconditional tenses)

  1. (they)would

Related terms

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ar

  1. first-personsingularpresentindicative/subjunctive ofara

Etymology 3

[edit]

FromFrenchare.

Noun

[edit]

ar m (pluralari)

  1. anare(a unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofar
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativeararulariarii
genitive-dativeararuluiariarilor
vocativearulearilor

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOld Irishar. Cognates includeIrishár.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Determiner

[edit]

ar (triggers eclipsis)

  1. our
    ar n-athair.our father.
    Thaar nighean ruadh.Our daughter is red-haired.
    Thaar n-oilthigh ùr.Our university is new.
See also
[edit]
Scottish Gaelic possessive determiners
singularplural
+C+V+C+V
first personmoLm'ararN
second persondoLd'ururN
third personmaLan,am1an
faaH

L Triggers lenition;H Triggers H-prothesis;N Triggers eclipsis
1 Used beforeb-,f-,m- orp-

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

ar (defective)

  1. think
Usage notes
[edit]

Etymology 3

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

ar (comparativeaire)

  1. slow,sluggish

Serbo-Croatian

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ar m (Cyrillic spellingар)

  1. are(square decametre, 100 m²)

Declension

[edit]
Declension ofar
singularplural
nominativearari
genitivearaara
dativearuarima
accusativearare
vocativeareari
locativearomarima
instrumentalaruarima

Swedish

[edit]
SwedishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediasv

Etymology 1

[edit]

Ultimately fromLatinarea, probably viaFrenchare.Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

[edit]

ar c orn

  1. are(square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension
[edit]
Declension ofar
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitearars
definitearenarens
pluralindefinitearars
definitearenarens
Declension ofar
nominativegenitive
singularindefinitearars
definitearetarets
pluralindefinitearars
definitearenarens
Related terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Ultimately fromProto-Germanic*arô.

Noun

[edit]

ar m

  1. (dialectal)eagle

References

[edit]

Tagalog

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed fromEnglishar, the English name of the letterR/r.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

ar (Baybayin spellingᜀᜇ᜔)

  1. the name of theLatin-script letterR/r, in theFilipino alphabet
    Synonyms:(in the Abakada alphabet)ra,(in the Abecedario)ere

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • ar”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila,2018

Anagrams

[edit]

Turkish

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

FromOttoman Turkishعار(ar), fromArabicعَار(ʕār).

Noun

[edit]

ar (definite accusativearı,pluralarlar)

  1. feeling of shame
    • 2023 November 22, Owen Jones,Annwn’da yaşam: Willy jones'un ölümden sonraki hikâyesi (Annwn)‎[2], Tektime,→ISBN:
      ... pekarsız değil . ” " Evet , tamam . Bazen birazarsız olsan da bağımsız olmanı daha çok seviyorum . Bana gençliğimizi hatırlatıyorsun ... Ergenlik çağında flört ettiğimiz zamanları . Sende aynı çizgi o zamanlarda vardı ... " " Öyle mi ...
      not verycheeky. ” " Yes , okay . Even though you can be a littlecheeky sometimes , I like it more when you are independent . You remind me of our youth ... when we used to flirt in adolescence . You had the same streak back then
    • (Can wedate this quote?), Mo Yan,İri Memeler ve Geniş Kalçalar (Dünya Edebiyatı)‎[3], Can Yayınları,→ISBN:
      ...ar kalmamış! Sen onunla birlikteyken eniştesini çalan baldızı oynuyordun, herkesin kitabında bunun utanç verici olduğu yazar!” Ablam bir an şaşırdı, hemen arkasından, “Ana, sen çok değiştin,” dedi. Annem, “Evet, değiştim ama ben yine de ...
      No decency at all! When you were with him, you were playing the sister-in-law who stole his brother-in-law, it is written in everyone's book that this is shameful!” My sister was surprised for a moment, then said, "Mother, you have changed a lot." My mother said, “Yes, I have changed, but I still...
Derived terms
[edit]
  • arsız(shameless)
  • arlı(scrupulous)(Often in negation, such as "anladım o sana fena davrandı ama sende pekarlı değilsin.)
    (I see she treated you meanly, yet you are noangel either)
  • arsızlık yapmak(act cheekily)(or sentence structure "arsızca davranmak")
  • ar kalmamış(unscrupulous)(it is a fixed phrase and in negation only, see quotes.)
  • arsız köpek(cheeky bastard)(vulgar, offensive)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowed fromFrenchare.

Noun

[edit]

ar (definite accusativearı,pluralarlar)

  1. are(unit of area)

Welsh

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Welshar, fromOld Welshguar,guor, fromProto-Celtic*uɸer.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Preposition

[edit]

ar (triggers soft mutation or h-prothesis if beforeugain)

  1. on
  2. about to(with a verbal noun)
    • King, Gareth (1993)Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge,→ISBN, page131:
      Brysiwch, mae’r trênarfynd!
      Hurry up, the train’s about to leave!

Inflection

[edit]
Personal forms (literary)
singularplural
first personarnafarnom
second personarnatarnoch
third personarnom
arnif
arnynt
Personal forms (colloquial)
singularplural
first personarnoi/fi,arnaiarnonni
second personarnotti,arnattiarnochchi
third personarnofe/fom
arnihif
arnynnhw

Derived terms

[edit]

Yola

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

FromMiddle Englishar, or, o; partially contracted fromother,auther, fromOld Englishāþor,āwþer,āhwæþer.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Conjunction

[edit]

ar

  1. or
    • 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page104:
      Ar aany noor dhing at woode comfoort mee,
      Or any other thing that would comfort me,
    • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page106:
      Gooude var nat oan dhing, niether treeshar thraame;
      Good for not one thing; neither for the trace,nor the car.
    • 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, inSONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page106:
      Ich woode be pitcht ee kurkeen,ar zippeen, to a coolaan.
      I would be poked into the mowor the stack up to the back of my head.

References

[edit]
  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page104
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