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aphelion

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 6 July 2023

Etymology

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PIE word
*h₂epó
PIE word
*sóh₂wl̥
A diagram showingEarth at its aphelion(position 1) andperihelion(position 2) in itsorbit around theSun(3).

FromNew Latinaphēlium (whenceEnglishaphelium, now displaced) +-ion(used in the names of otherapsides).Aphelium was formed fromAncient Greekἀπο-(apo-,prefix meaning ‘away, from, off’) +ἥλῐος(hḗlĭos,the sun) (ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*sóh₂wl̥(the sun)), modelled afterNew Latinapogaeum(apogee).[1]

Theplural formaphelia is fromaphelion +-a(plural form of the suffix-on).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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aphelion (pluralapheliaor(deprecated)aphelions)

  1. (astronomy, also figuratively) Thepoint in theellipticalorbit of acomet,planet, or otherastronomicalobject, where it isfarthest from theSun.
    Antonym:perihelion
    • 1837,William Whewell, “The Inductive Epoch of Newton—Discovery of the Universal Gravitation of Matter, according to the Law of the Inverse Square of the Distance”, inHistory of the Inductive Sciences, from the Earliest to the Present Times. [], volume II, London:John W[illiam] Parker, []; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: J. and J. J. Deighton,→OCLC, book VII (History of Physical Astronomy),page170:
      [I]t follows from the theory of gravity, that theaphelia of Mercury, Venus, the Earth, and Mars, slightly progress.

Hypernyms

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Related terms

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Translations

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point in the elliptical orbit of a planet where it is farthest from the Sun

References

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  1. ^aphelion,n.”, inOED OnlinePaid subscription required, Oxford:Oxford University Press, December 2021;aphelion,n.”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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