2017, Huei-Ru Hsiehet al., “Lessons Learned from the 0801 Petrochemical Pipeline Explosions in Kaohsiung City”, inFire Science and Technology 2015: The Proceedings of 10th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology[2],→DOI,→ISBN,→LCCN,→OCLC,page183:
On 1 August 2014 at approximately 12am, in Lingya and Chienchen Districts of Kaohsiung City, a series of explosions from underground pipelines and sewer system occurred.
The verb as a whole derives from forms of theLatinhabeō, habēre. The first-person present singular formam(u), along with some other inflected forms, may have been analogical constructions (in this case, from an old form (aemu) of first-person plural (nowavem)), or influenced by nearby languages. CompareRomanianavea,am; cf. also Albaniankam(“to have”). The third-person singular present indicative,ari, may have derived from Latinhaberet.
The contractionam is obligatory when the definite article has nodeixis whatsoever. In this case it is ungrammatical to usean/auf dem as separate words:
Er stehtam Gartenzaun. ―He's standingat the garden fence.
Am Anfang konnte ich ihn gar nicht leiden. ―In the beginning, I couldn't stand him at all.
On the other hand,am is usually not applicable when the definite article has an indicative function. This includes contexts in which English would use a demonstrative pronoun (“this” or “that”) but also some others. Particularly,an dem is used before adefining relative clause.
An dem Tag habe ich beschlossen, dass sich etwas ändern muss. ―On that day, I decided that something had to change.
De Katze sitzt immeran dem Fenster, von dem man den besten Überblick über den Garten hat. ―The cat always sitsby the window that gives you the best view of the garden.
^Erwina Burhanuddin; Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan; R.B. Chrismanto (1993),Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian][1], Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan,→ISBN,→OCLC
Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “a’m”, inLīvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary][9] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra
Václav Blažek,A Lexicostatistical comparison of Omotic languages, inIn Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology, page 122
Takács, Gábor (2007),Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill,→ISBN, page201,→ISBN:
[…] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
Inflected form ofavea. Probably an analogical construction based on the old first-person plural or perhaps influenced by similar forms in other languages.[1] CompareAromanianam(u); cf. also Albaniankam(“I have”).
From old Romanianamu, presumably from an earlier (proto-) Romanian formaemu (attested in Aromanian), fromLatinhabēmus. The original first-person singular in proto-Romanian wasaibu, from Latinhabeō, but was changed toam(u) by analogy with the first-person plural. The form with -v- (avem) in the present form of the verb's main conjugation (as opposed to its use in this form as an auxiliary verb) may have been remade by analogy withavut;[2]am may also be seen as a reduced, clitic form ofavem.[3] See alsoați, which has a parallel development.
am (+ dative,no mutation,before the definite articleanns,combined with the singular definite articlesan,sa,combined with the plural definite articlesna)
Form ofan(“in”)used before the consonantsb-,f-,m- orp-.
^Chan-Yap, Gloria (1980), “Hokkien Chinese borrowings in Tagalog”, inPacific Linguistics, volume B, number71 (PDF), Canberra, A.C.T. 2600.: The Australian National University,page137
^Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948),Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications,page13
Václav Blažek,A Lexicostatistical comparison of Omotic languages, inIn Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology, page 122
Hoàng Văn Ma; Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Chí (2006),Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
Lương Bèn (2011),Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][12][13] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor,Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][14] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]
Leamos uspanteco: Kawitojtak kibꞌ chi rilic jwich wuj laj tzijbꞌal ajtilmit: En uspanteco y español[16] (overall work in Spanish and Uspanteco),ILV,1998, page 1
Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page106
Beltrán de Santa Rosa María, Pedro (1746),Arte de el idioma maya reducido a succintas reglas, y semilexicon yucateco (in Spanish), Mexico: Por la Biuda de D. Joseph Bernardo de Hogal, page176: “Araña otra. Am. .... Eſta mata. ―Another spider.Am. .... This one kills.”
