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agir

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:ağır

Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchagir, itself fromLatinagere.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic)[əˈʒi]
IPA^(key): (Valencia)[aˈd͡ʒiɾ]
Rhymes:-i(ɾ)

Verb

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agir (first-person singular presentageixo,first-person singular preteriteagí,past participleagit)

toact, tobehave
Synonyms:obrar(standard),actuar
tobe all about
Synonyms:obrar(standard),tractar-se

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofagir (third conjugation, with-eix-)

person		singular			plural
infinitive			agir
gerund			agint
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		agit		agida
		plural		agits		agides
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	ageixo	ageixes	ageix	agim	agiu	ageixen
	imperfect	agia	agies	agia	agíem	agíeu	agien
	future	agiré	agiràs	agirà	agirem	agireu	agiran
	preterite	agí	agires	agí	agírem	agíreu	agiren
	conditional	agiria	agiries	agiria	agiríem	agiríeu	agirien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	ageixi	ageixis	ageixi	agim	agiu	ageixin
	imperfect	agís	agissis	agís	agíssim	agíssiu	agissin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	ageix	ageixi	agim	agiu	ageixin
	negative (no)	—	no ageixis	no ageixi	no agim	no agiu	no ageixin

References

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“agir” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinagere. Attested from the fifteenth century.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /a.ʒiʁ/
Audio: (file)

Verb

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agir

(intransitive) toact, todo (something)
Il est temps d’agir.
It is time toact.
Il fautagir pour lutter contre la pauvreté.
We mustact in order to fight poverty.
Il n’agit pas comme il devrait.
He’s notdoing as he should.
Il sait mieuxagir que parler.
He knows better how todo [something] than to talk.
- 1970,Jean-Jacques Pauvert,Victor Hugo : Complete Writings:
  Aimer, c’estagir
  To love is toact
(intransitive) towork, to have aneffect;(followed bysur) toact (on)
Le soleilagit sur les planètes.
The sunacts on the planets.
Le médicament doitagir, je ne me sens plus malade du tout.
The medicine mustwork, all of a sudden I don't feel sick.
(intransitive) to act,behave
Vousagissez en enfants.
You’reacting like children.
Ilagit comme un fou.
He’sacting like a madman.
Il a bienagi avec moi.
He'sacted well with me.
(law, followed bycontre)prosecute,sue
Il a été obligé d’agir contre son tuteur.
He was obliged tosue his guardian.
(impersonal, reflexive, followed byde) to be,be all about, be aquestion of
Dans le livre ils’agit d’une femme perdue.
The bookis about a lost woman.
Ils’agit de vous en tirer honorablement.
It’sall about you getting out of there honorably.
Dans la vie; ils’agit de faire son devoir.
Lifeis all about doing your duty.
Ils’agissait de choisir entre les ducs.
Itwas about choosing between the two dukes.

Conjugation

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This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, likefinir,choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in-ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix-iss-.

Conjugation ofagir(see alsoAppendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	agir
present participle orgerund¹	simple	agissant /a.ʒi.sɑ̃/
present participle orgerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		agi /a.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	agis /a.ʒi/	agis /a.ʒi/	agit /a.ʒi/	agissons /a.ʒi.sɔ̃/	agissez /a.ʒi.se/	agissent /a.ʒis/
	imperfect	agissais /a.ʒi.sɛ/	agissais /a.ʒi.sɛ/	agissait /a.ʒi.sɛ/	agissions /a.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	agissiez /a.ʒi.sje/	agissaient /a.ʒi.sɛ/
	past historic²	agis /a.ʒi/	agis /a.ʒi/	agit /a.ʒi/	agîmes /a.ʒim/	agîtes /a.ʒit/	agirent /a.ʒiʁ/
	future	agirai /a.ʒi.ʁe/	agiras /a.ʒi.ʁa/	agira /a.ʒi.ʁa/	agirons /a.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/	agirez /a.ʒi.ʁe/	agiront /a.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	agirais /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	agirais /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	agirait /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	agirions /a.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/	agiriez /a.ʒi.ʁje/	agiraient /a.ʒi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative ofavoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic ofavoir + past participle
	future perfect	future ofavoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional ofavoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	agisse /a.ʒis/	agisses /a.ʒis/	agisse /a.ʒis/	agissions /a.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	agissiez /a.ʒi.sje/	agissent /a.ʒis/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	agisse /a.ʒis/	agisses /a.ʒis/	agît /a.ʒi/	agissions /a.ʒi.sjɔ̃/	agissiez /a.ʒi.sje/	agissent /a.ʒis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	agis /a.ʒi/	—	agissons /a.ʒi.sɔ̃/	agissez /a.ʒi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative ofavoir + past participle	—	simple imperative ofavoir + past participle	simple imperative ofavoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81).

Conjugation ofs'agir(see alsoAppendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	s'être + past participle
infinitive	simple	s'agir
present participle orgerund¹	simple	s’agissant /sa.ʒi.sɑ̃/
present participle orgerund¹	compound	ayantorétant + past participle
past participle		agi /a.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’agit /sa.ʒi/	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	s’agissait /sa.ʒi.sɛ/	—	—	—
	past historic²	—	—	s’agit /sa.ʒi/	—	—	—
	future	—	—	s’agira /sa.ʒi.ʁa/	—	—	—
	conditional	—	—	s’agirait /sa.ʒi.ʁɛ/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative ofs'être + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative ofs'être + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic ofs'être + past participle
	future perfect	future ofs'être + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional ofs'être + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’agisse /sa.ʒis/	—	—	—
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	—	—	s’agît /sa.ʒi/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive ofs'être + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive ofs'être + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	—	—	—	—	—
compound		—	simple imperative ofs'être + past participle	—	simple imperative ofs'être + past participle	simple imperative ofs'être + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81).

(s'agir de/s'en agir)This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, likefinir,choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in-ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix-iss-.

This verb is impersonal and is conjugated only in the third-person singular.

Conjugation ofs'en agir(see alsoAppendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	s'en être + past participle
infinitive	simple	s'en agir
present participle orgerund¹	simple	s’enagissant /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.sɑ̃/
present participle orgerund¹	compound	s'en étant + past participle
past participle		agi /a.ʒi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’enagit /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi/	—	—	—
	imperfect	—	—	s’enagissait /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.sɛ/	—	—	—
	past historic²	—	—	s’enagit /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi/	—	—	—
	future	—	—	s’enagira /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.ʁa/	—	—	—
	conditional	—	—	s’enagirait /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi.ʁɛ/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative ofs'en être + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative ofs'en être + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic ofs'en être + past participle
	future perfect	future ofs'en être + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional ofs'en être + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	—	—	s’enagisse /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒis/	—	—	—
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	—	—	s’enagît /sɑ̃.n‿a.ʒi/	—	—	—
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive ofs'en être + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive ofs'en être + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	—	—	—	—	—
compound		—	simple imperative ofs'en être + past participle	—	simple imperative ofs'en être + past participle	simple imperative ofs'en être + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81).

Related terms

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Descendants

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→ Catalan:agir
→ Franco-Provençal:ag·ir
→ Friulian:azî
→ Esperanto:agi
→ Italian:agire
→ Portuguese:agir
→ Romansch:agir
→ Sicilian:aggiri
→ Spanish:agir
→ Venetan:agir

References

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“agir”, inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

Anagrams

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gira,Riga

Galician

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Verb

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agir (first-person singular presentajo,first-person singular preteriteagimoragi,past participleagido,reintegrationist norm)

reintegrationist spelling ofaxir

Conjugation

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Reintegrated conjugation ofagir (g-j alternation) (SeeAppendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti /tu)	Third-person (ele /ela /você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles /elas /vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	agir
Personal	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Gerund
	agindo
Past participle
Masculine	agido			agidos
Feminine	agida			agidas
Indicative
Present	ajo	ages	age	agimos	agides,agis	agem
Imperfect	agia	agias	agia	agíamos	agíades,agíeis,agíais¹	agiam
Preterite	agim,agi	agiste,agiche¹	agiu	agimos	agistes	agírom,agiram
Pluperfect	agira	agiras	agira	agíramos	agírades,agíreis,agírais¹	agiram
Future	agirei	agirás	agirá	agiremos	agiredes,agireis	agirám,agirão
Conditional	agiria	agirias	agiria	agiríamos	agiríades,agiríeis,agiríais¹	agiriam
Subjunctive
Present	aja	ajas	aja	ajamos	ajades,ajais	ajam
Imperfect	agisse	agisses	agisse	agíssemos	agíssedes,agísseis	agissem
Future	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Imperative
Affirmative		age	aja	ajamos	agide,agi	ajam
Negative (nom)		nom ajas	nom aja	nom ajamos	nom ajades,nom ajais	nom ajam

¹Less recommended.

References

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“agir” inDicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).

Ido

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Verb

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agir

past infinitive ofagar

Northern Kurdish

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Central Kurdish	ئاگر(agir)

Etymology

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FromProto-Iranian*HáHtr̥š(“fire”), fromProto-Indo-Iranian*HáHtr̥š(“fire”), derived fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eh₁ter-(“fire”). Cognate withAvestan𐬁𐬙𐬀𐬭(ātar),Persianآتش(âtaš),Pashtoور(or).Doublet ofar.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ɑːˈɡɪɾ/
Audio: (file)

Noun

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agir m (Arabic spellingئاگر)

fire
Synonyms:alav,ar,pêt

Declension

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Declension ofagir
definite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	agir	agir
construct	agirê	agirên
oblique	agirî	agiran
demonstrative oblique	wîagirî	wanagiran
vocative	agiro	agirino

indefinite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	agirek	agirin
construct	agirekî	agirine
oblique	agirekî	agirinan

Derived terms

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References

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Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “agir”, inFerhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press,page 3

Occitan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinagere. CompareFrenchagir.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /aˈ(d)ʒi/
Audio(Béarn): (file)
Audio(Languedoc): (file)

Verb

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agir

toact
(reflexive, withde) to be about, todeal with
s'agís d'una nòva lei ―it is a new law

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofagir in

Lengadocian (Central Occitan)

		simple			compound
infinitive		agir			?er agit
past participle		agit			—
gerund		agissent			?ent agit
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ieu	tu	el	nosautres	vosautres	eles
	present	agissi	agisses	agís	agissèm	agissètz	agisson
	imperfect	agissiái	agissiás	agissiá	agissiam	agissiatz	agissián
	preterite	agiguèri	agiguères	agiguèt	agiguèrem	agiguèretz	agiguèron
	future	agirai	agiràs	agirà	agirem	agiretz	agiràn
	conditional	agiriái	agiriás	agiriá	agiriam	agiriatz	agirián
	conditional 2nd form¹	agiguèra	agiguèras	agiguèra	agigueram	agigueratz	agiguèran
compound tenses	present perfect	use the present tense of?er plus the past participle
	pluperfect	use the imperfect tense of?er plus the past participle
	past anterior	use the preterite tense of?er plus the past participle
	future perfect	use the future tense of?er plus the past participle
	conditional perfect	use the conditional tense of?er plus the past participle
subjunctive		que ieu	que tu	que el	que nosautres	que vosautres	que eles
	present	agisca	agiscas	agisca	agiscam	agiscatz	agiscan
	imperfect	agiguèsse	agiguèsses	agiguèsse	agiguèssem	agiguèssetz	agiguèsson
compound tenses	past	use the present subjunctive of?er plus the past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	use the imperfect subjunctive of?er plus the past participle
imperative		—	tu	—	nosautres	vosautres	—
imperative			agís		agiscam	agissetz	¹Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects

Related terms

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Portuguese

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchagir, itself fromLatinagere.

Pronunciation

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(Brazil)IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ʁ)/[aˈʒi(h)]

(Brazil)IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ʁ)/[aˈʒi(h)]
- (São Paulo)IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro)IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ʁ)/[aˈʒi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil)IPA^(key): /aˈʒi(ɻ)/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ɐˈʒiɾ/

(Portugal)IPA^(key): /ɐˈʒiɾ/
- (Southern Portugal)IPA^(key): /ɐˈʒi.ɾi/

Hyphenation:a‧gir
Audio(Portugal, Porto): (file)
Audio(US): (file)

Verb

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agir (first-person singular presentajo,first-person singular preteriteagi,past participleagido)

(intransitive) todo something; toact; tofunction; toperform
Synonyms:andar,funcionar,trabalhar
(intransitive) toconduct oneself in a specific manner; tobehave; toproceed
Synonyms:atuar,comportar-se,obrar,proceder,trabalhar

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofagir (g-j alternation) (SeeAppendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele /ela /você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles /elas /vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	agir
Personal	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Gerund
	agindo
Past participle
Masculine	agido			agidos
Feminine	agida			agidas
Indicative
Present	ajo	ages	age	agimos	agis	agem
Imperfect	agia	agias	agia	agíamos	agíeis	agiam
Preterite	agi	agiste	agiu	agimos	agistes	agiram
Pluperfect	agira	agiras	agira	agíramos	agíreis	agiram
Future	agirei	agirás	agirá	agiremos	agireis	agirão
Conditional	agiria	agirias	agiria	agiríamos	agiríeis	agiriam
Subjunctive
Present	aja	ajas	aja	ajamos	ajais	ajam
Imperfect	agisse	agisses	agisse	agíssemos	agísseis	agissem
Future	agir	agires	agir	agirmos	agirdes	agirem
Imperative
Affirmative		age	aja	ajamos	agi	ajam
Negative (não)		não ajas	não aja	não ajamos	não ajais	não ajam

Derived terms

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reagir

Related terms

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Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchagir, itself borrowed fromLatinagere.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /aˈxiɾ/[aˈxiɾ]
Rhymes:-iɾ
Syllabification:a‧gir

Verb

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agir (first-person singular presentajo,first-person singular preteriteagí,past participleagido)

(obsolete) todo something; toact
Synonyms:hacer,actuar
(obsolete) tosue
Synonym:demandar

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofagir (g-j alternation) (SeeAppendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			agir
gerund			agiendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		agido		agida
		plural		agidos		agidas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	ajo	ages^{^tú} agís^{^vos}	age	agimos	agís	agen
	imperfect	agía	agías	agía	agíamos	agíais	agían
	preterite	agí	agiste	agió	agimos	agisteis	agieron
	future	agiré	agirás	agirá	agiremos	agiréis	agirán
	conditional	agiría	agirías	agiría	agiríamos	agiríais	agirían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	aja	ajas^{^tú} ajás^{^vos²}	aja	ajamos	ajáis	ajan
	imperfect (ra)	agiera	agieras	agiera	agiéramos	agierais	agieran
	imperfect (se)	agiese	agieses	agiese	agiésemos	agieseis	agiesen
	future¹	agiere	agieres	agiere	agiéremos	agiereis	agieren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		age^{^tú} agí^{^vos}	aja	ajamos	agid	ajan
	negative		no ajas	no aja	no ajamos	no ajáis	no ajan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayanvoseo prefers thetú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms ofagir (g-j alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitiveagir	dative	agirme	agirte	agirle,agirse	agirnos	agiros	agirles,agirse
with infinitiveagir	accusative	agirme	agirte	agirlo,agirla,agirse	agirnos	agiros	agirlos,agirlas,agirse

with gerundagiendo	dative	agiéndome	agiéndote	agiéndole,agiéndose	agiéndonos	agiéndoos	agiéndoles,agiéndose
with gerundagiendo	accusative	agiéndome	agiéndote	agiéndolo,agiéndola,agiéndose	agiéndonos	agiéndoos	agiéndolos,agiéndolas,agiéndose

with informal second-person singulartú imperativeage	dative	ágeme	ágete	ágele	ágenos	not used	ágeles
with informal second-person singulartú imperativeage	accusative	ágeme	ágete	ágelo,ágela	ágenos	not used	ágelos,ágelas

with informal second-person singularvos imperativeagí	dative	agime	agite	agile	aginos	not used	agiles
with informal second-person singularvos imperativeagí	accusative	agime	agite	agilo,agila	aginos	not used	agilos,agilas

with formal second-person singular imperativeaja	dative	ájame	not used	ájale,ájase	ájanos	not used	ájales
with formal second-person singular imperativeaja	accusative	ájame	not used	ájalo,ájala,ájase	ájanos	not used	ájalos,ájalas

with first-person plural imperativeajamos	dative	not used	ajámoste	ajámosle	ajámonos	ajámoos	ajámosles
with first-person plural imperativeajamos	accusative	not used	ajámoste	ajámoslo,ajámosla	ajámonos	ajámoos	ajámoslos,ajámoslas

with informal second-person plural imperativeagid	dative	agidme	not used	agidle	agidnos	agíos	agidles
with informal second-person plural imperativeagid	accusative	agidme	not used	agidlo,agidla	agidnos	agíos	agidlos,agidlas

with formal second-person plural imperativeajan	dative	ájanme	not used	ájanle	ájannos	not used	ájanles,ájanse
with formal second-person plural imperativeajan	accusative	ájanme	not used	ájanlo,ájanla	ájannos	not used	ájanlos,ájanlas,ájanse

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