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afraid

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishaffrayed,affraied, past participle ofafraien(to affray), fromAnglo-Normanafrayer(to terrify, disquiet, disturb), fromOld Frencheffreer,esfreer(to disturb, remove the peace from), fromes-(out) +‎freer(to secure, secure the peace), fromFrankish*friþu(security, peace), fromProto-Germanic*friþuz(peace), fromProto-Germanic*frijōną(to free; to love), fromProto-Indo-European*prāy-,*prēy-(to like, love). Bysurface analysis,affray +‎-ed. Compare alsoafeard. More atfree,friend.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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afraid (comparativemoreafraid,superlativemostafraid)(predicative)

  1. Impressed withfear orapprehension; in fear.
    Synonyms:afeared,alarmed,anxious,apprehensive,fearful,timid,timorous;see alsoThesaurus:afraid
    He isafraid of death.
    He isafraid toask her out.
    He isafraid of the future.
    I’m notafraid of telling / to tell you the truth: I'm reluctant to go in you car because I’m tooafraid of crashing.
    • 1964,Harry S. Truman, 2:28 from the start, inMP2002-77 Former President Truman Discusses Bigotry in the United States[2],Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum,National Archives Identifier:595162:
      I went through the worst Ku Klux proposition in the country at the time it was at its height. And I had to go down to the Ku Klux meeting and tell them what I thought of them, and I wasn'tafraid of them at all. And I'm notafraid of this situation because I think it'll work out in a way that when these people sit down and get a chance to think and study the situation, they're going to be ashamed of some of the things they've done.
  2. Regretful,sorry; expressing areluctance to face an unpleasant situation. [withthat(+clause)orclause;orwithsoornot]
    Synonym:sorry
    I amafraid I cannot help you in this matter.
  3. Worried about, feelingconcern for,fearing for (someone or something).[withfor]

Usage notes

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  • Afraid expresses a lesser degree of fear thanterrified orfrightened. It is often followed by the prepositionof and the object of fear, or by an infinitive, or by a dependent clause, as shown in the examples above.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive
regretful, sorry
worried about, feeling concern for, fearing forseefear
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

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References

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  1. ^McDavid, Raven Ioor Jr. (1966), “59. Review of Thomas 1958 and Bronstein 1960:An Introduction to the Phonetics of American English, 2nd Edition,The Pronunciation of American English: An Introduction to Phonetics”, in William A. Kretzschmar, Jr., editor,Dialects in culture: essays in general dialectology[1],University, Alabama:The University of Alabama Press, published1979,→ISBN,→OCLC,page382.

Welsh

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FWOTD – 14 February 2014

Etymology

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af-(un-) +‎rhaid(necessity)

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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afraid (feminine singularafraid,pluralafraid,equativeafreidied,comparativeafreidiach,superlativeafreidiaf)

  1. unnecessary,unessential
    • c. 1500, Ieuan Tew, poem in Cwrt Mawr manuscript no. 5, published and translated 1921 by T. Gwynn Jones, “Cultural Bases. A Study of the Tudor Period in Wales”,Y Cymmrodor. The Magazine of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, vol. 31,page 182:
      mogelwch yma golyn
      a fo goeg, ag afu gwyn—
      a choegddyn crin, ledryn crach,
      o fradwr—nidafreidiach;
      beware of the sting of white-livered wretches, and every withered, niggardly wretch of a traitor—it were not less necessary;
    • c. 1600, Edmwnd Prys, quoted inA Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative by J. Morris Jones, Oxford: 1913,p. 44:
      Amlwg fydd trŵyn a’r wyneb;
      Afraid i ni nodi neb.
      Plain is the nose on a face; it is unnecessary for us to mention anyone.
    Synonyms:diangen,dianghenraid,dieisiau

Noun

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afraid m (pluralafreidiau)

  1. superfluity,extravagance

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms ofafraid
radicalsoftnasalh-prothesis
afraidunchangedunchangedhafraid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “afraid”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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