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address

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishadressen(to raise erect, adorn), fromOld Frenchadrecier(to straighten, address) (modernFrenchadresser), fromProto-Romance*addīrectiāre, fromad-(to; towards) +*dīrectiāre(to guide; to direct), fromLatindīrēctus(straight; right), fromdīrigō(to lay straight; to direct), itself fromregō(to govern, to rule). Cognate withSpanishaderezar(to garnish; dress (food); to add spices).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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address (pluraladdresses)

  1. Direction.
    1. (obsolete)Guidance;help.[15th–17th c.]
    2. (chiefly in theplural, now archaic) A politeapproach made to another person, especially of a romantic nature; an amorousadvance.[from 16th c.]
      • 1723,Richard Steele,The Lover and Reader, page115:
        [H]e was thus agreeable, and I neither insensible of his Perfections, nor displeased at hisAddresses to me[].
    3. A manner of speaking or writing to another;language,style.[from 16th c.]
      a man of pleasing or insinuatingaddress
    4. (diplomacy, politics) A formal approach to asovereign orhead of state, especially an officialappeal orpetition.[from 17th c.]
      1. (Commonwealth, politics) A response given by each of theHouses of Parliament to the sovereign's speech at the opening of Parliament.
    5. An act of addressing oneself to a person or group; adiscourse orspeech, or a record of this.[from 17th c.]
      • 1887,Arthur Conan Doyle,A Study in Scarlet, section VII:
        Mr. Gregson, who had listened to thisaddress with considerable impatience, could contain himself no longer.
      • 1889, Margaret Oliphant,The Portrait:
        I watched her without knowing, with a prevision that she was going to address me, though with no sort of idea as to the subject of heraddress.
    6. A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter.[from 17th c.]
      • 2013 June 14,Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, inThe Guardian Weekly, volume189, number 1, page18:
        Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name,address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.
      The President'saddress is 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C.
    7. The location of a property.[from 19th c.]
      I went to hisaddress but there was nobody there.
    8. (computing) A number identifying a specific storage location in computermemory.[from 1940s]
      The program will crash if there is no valid data stored at thataddress.
    9. (networking, Internet) Astring ofcharacters identifying anode orrange of nodes on anetwork (especially theInternet), such as ane-mail address,IP address orURL.[from 1960s]
      Synonym:network address
  2. Preparation.
    1. (now rare)Preparedness for some task;resourcefulness;skill,ability.[from 16th c.]
      • 1777,Richard Brinsley Sheridan,The School for Scandal, V.i:
        This is one bad effect of a good Character—it invites applications from the unfortunate and there needs no small degree ofaddress to gain the reputation of Benevolence without incurring the expence.—
      • 1789,John Moore,Zeluco, Valancourt, published2008, page129:
        The warmth of Father Pedro's constitution had formerly drawn him into some scrapes from which it required all hisaddress to disengage himself, and rendered him exceedingly cautious ever after.
      • 1813, “Customs, Manners, and present Appearance of Constantinople”, inThe New Annual Register, or General Repository of History, Politics, and Literature for the year 1812,page179:
        At their turning-lathes, they employ their toes to guide the chisel; and, in these pedipulations, shew to Europeans a diverting degree ofaddress.
    2. (obsolete) The act of getting ready;preparation.[17th–18th c.]
      • 1671,John Milton,Samson Agonistes:
        But now again she makesaddress to speak.
    3. (golf, Scotland) The act of bringing the head of theclub up to theball in preparation for swinging.[from 19th c.][1]

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Translations

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guidance, helpseeguidance,‎help
polite romantic advance
manner of speaking to another
formal approach to a sovereign or head of state
act of addressing oneself to a person or group
description of the location of a property; direction for correspondence
propertysee alsolocation,‎property,‎premises,‎residence
computing: location in computer memory
string of characters identifying a node or range of nodes on the Internet or other network
preparedness for a task, skillsee alsoskill
(obsolete in English) act of getting readysee alsopreparation
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked‌: "formal communication (are we missing a sense?)"

Verb

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A user suggests that this English entry be cleaned up.
Please see the discussion onRequests for cleanup(+) or thetalk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

address (third-person singular simple presentaddresses,present participleaddressing,simple past and past participleaddressedor(obsolete)addrest)

  1. (intransitive, obsolete) To prepare oneself.
  2. (intransitive, obsolete) Todirectspeech.
    • 1697,Virgil, “Virgil’s Æneis, Book VII”, inJohn Dryden, transl.,The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. [], London: [] Jacob Tonson, [],→OCLC,page402:
      YoungTurnus to the Beaubteous Maidaddreſs’d.
  3. (transitive, obsolete) Toaim; todirect.
  4. (transitive, obsolete) Toprepare or makeready.
  5. (transitive, reflexive) To prepare oneself; to apply one's skill or energies (to some object); to betake.
  6. (reflexive) Todirect one’sremarks (to someone).
    • 1701,Thomas Brown,Laconics, or New Maxims of State and Conversation, London: Thomas Hodgson, section 76, p. 103,[1]
      In the Reign of KingCharles the Second, a certain Worthy Divine atWhitehall, thusAddress’d himself to the Auditory at the conclusion of his Sermon.
    • 1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Emperor ofLilliput, Attended by Several of the Nobility, Come to See the Author in His Confinement. []”, inTravels into Several Remote Nations of the World. [] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume I, London: [] Benj[amin] Motte, [],→OCLC, part I (A Voyage to Lilliput),page30:
      There were ſeveral of his Prieſts and Lawyers preſent, (as I conjectured by their habits) who were commanded toaddreſs themſelves to me, and I ſpoke to them in as many Languages as I had the leaſt ſmattering of, which wereHigh andLow Dutch,Latin,French,Spaniſh,Italian, andLingua Franca; but all to no purpoſe.
    • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter 11, inPride and Prejudice: [], volume I, London: [] [George Sidney] forT[homas] Egerton, [],→OCLC:
      Headdressed himself directly to Miss Bennet, with a polite congratulation[]
    • 1876,Henry Martyn Robert,Robert’s Rules of Order[2], Chicago: S.C. Griggs & Co., p. 66, Article V, Section 34:
      When any member is about to speak in debate, he shall rise and respectfullyaddress himself to “Mr. Chairman.”
  7. (transitive, archaic) Toclothe orarray; todress.
    Synonyms:beclothe,dight,put on;see alsoThesaurus:clothe
    • 1566–67,John Jewel, “The Defence of the Apology”, inThe Works of John Jewel, Bishop of Salisbury, volume 4, Cambridge: University of Cambridge, published1845,page651:
      Likewise Vincentius, and Petrus de Natalibus, and others your writers and recorders of fables could have told you that Tecla sometimeaddressed herself in man's apparel, and, had she not been forbidden by St Paul, would have followed him in company as a man.
  8. (Discuss(+) this sense)(transitive) To direct, as words (to anyone or anything); to make, as a speech, petition, etc. (to any audience).
    • 1697,Virgil, “Dedication[of the Æneis]”, inJohn Dryden, transl.,The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. [], London: [] Jacob Tonson, [],→OCLC,page[187]:
      though the young Heroe hadaddreſs’d his Prayers to him for his aſſiſtance
    Headdressed some portions of his remarks to his supporters, some to his opponents.
  9. (transitive) To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; toapply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., tospeak to.
  10. (transitive) To direct in writing, as a letter; tosuperscribe, or to direct andtransmit.
    Headdressed a letter.
  11. (transitive) To makesuit to as a lover; tocourt; towoo.
    Synonyms:romance,put the moves on;see alsoThesaurus:woo
  12. (transitive) Toconsign orentrust to the care of another, as agent or factor.
    The ship wasaddressed to a merchant in Baltimore.
  13. (transitive) To address oneself to; to prepare oneself for; to apply oneself to; to direct one's speech, discourse or efforts to.
    • 1990, Stephen King,The Moving Finger:
      He stepped away from the sink, put up the toilet ring (Vi complained bitterly if he forgot to put it down when he was through, but never seemed to feel any pressing need to put it back up whenshe was), andaddressed the John.
    • 2012 March, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, inAmerican Scientist, volume100, number 2, page128:
      Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are […] . (Common gem materials notaddressed in this article include amber, amethyst, chalcedony, garnet, lazurite, malachite, opals, peridot, rhodonite, spinel, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.)
  14. (transitive, formal) To direct attention towards a problem or obstacle, in an attempt toresolve it.
    Synonym:speak to
    • 2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, inThe Guardian:
      "By all means we want people to use social media, but we do not want you to use it in ways that will incite violence," said Jonathan Toy, Southwark council's head of community safety. "This remains a big issue for us and without some form of censorship purely focusing on [violent videos], I'm not sure how we canaddress it."
    • 2020 December 2, Mark Phillips, “Rebuilding Rail in the 2020s”, inRail, page46:
      Formerly [sic: Formally] known as theRail Safety and Standards Board, the not-for-profit organisation's remit includes managing and developing Railway Group Standards on behalf of the rail industry, leading the development of long-term safety strategy, and supporting cross-industry groups thataddress major areas of safety risk.
  15. (transitive, computing) To refer to a location in computer memory.
  16. (transitive, golf, Scotland) To get ready to hit (theball on thetee).[1]

Usage notes

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  • The intransitive uses can be understood as omission of the reflexive pronoun.

Derived terms

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Translations

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(obsolete in English) to prepare oneself
(obsolete in English) to direct speech
(obsolete in English) to aim
(obsolete in English) to prepare
reflexively: to prepare oneself
to direct one’s remarks to someone
(archaic in English) to clothe or array
to direct, as words
to direct speech to
to direct in writing
to make suit to as a lover
to consign or intrust to the care of another
to address oneself to; to prepare oneself for; to apply oneself to; to direct one's speech or discourse to
to direct attention towards a problem or obstaclesee alsodeal with,‎approach,‎engage,‎grapple
to refer to a location in computer memory
golf: to get ready to hit
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. 1.01.1address,v., n.”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh:Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present,→OCLC.

Scots

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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address (pluraladdresses)

  1. anaddress

Verb

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address (third-person singular simple presentaddresses,present participleaddressin,simple pastaddressed,past participleaddressed)

  1. toaddress

References

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