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actual

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishactual,actuel(active), fromAnglo-Normanactuel,actual, and its sourceLate Latinactuālis(active, practical), fromLatinactus(act, action, performance), fromagere(to do; to act) +-alis(-al), ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₂éǵeti, from the root*h₂eǵ-. Bysurface analysis,act +‎-u- +‎-al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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actual (notcomparable)

  1. (chiefly theology) relating to a person'sacts ordeeds;active,practical[from 14th c.]
    • c.1606 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act V, scene i]:
      In this slumbry agitation, besides her walking, and otheractuall performances, what (at any time) haue you heard her say?
    • 1650,Jeremy Taylor,The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living:
      Let your holy and pious intention beactual; that is[] by a special prayer or action,[] given to God.
    • 1946,The American Ecclesiastical Review, volume114:
      Apparently, the holy Doctor was referring toactual, rather than original, sin; yet the basis of his argument for Mary's holiness, the divine maternity, would logically lead to the conclusion that she was free from original sin also.
  2. Existing inreality, not justpotentially; really acted or acting;occurring in fact.[from 14th c.]
    Synonym:real
    Antonyms:potential,possible,virtual,speculative,conceivable,theoretical,nominal,hypothetical,estimated
    theactual cost of goods;  theactual case under discussion
    Theactual government expenses dramatically exceed the budget.
  3. (now rare or non-native speakers' English) in action at the time being;now existing;current.[from 18th c.]
    Synonym:present
    Coordinate terms:future,past
    • 1790,Edmund Burke,Reflections on the revolution in France:
      If this be youractual situation, compared to the situation to which you were called, as it were by the voice of God and man, I cannot find it in my heart to congratulate you on the choice you have made, or the success which has attended your endeavours.
    • c.1793,Edward Gibbon,Memoirs of My Life, Penguin, published1990, page85:
      To myactual feelings it seems incredible that I could ever believe that I believed in Transubstantiation!
  4. Used as intensifier to emphasise a following noun;exact,specific,very.[from 18th c.]
    • 2013 August 3, “The machine of a new soul”, inThe Economist, volume408, number8847:
      [H]ow the neurons are organised in these lobes and ganglia remains obscure. Yet this is the level of organisation that does theactual thinking—and is, presumably, the seat of consciousness.

Usage notes

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  • In most Romance, Slavic and Germanic languages the cognate ofactual means “current”. This meaning has also been used in English since the sixteenth century but is now rare due to asemantic shift.
  • The phrasein actual fact has been proscribed by someprescriptivist sources asredundant.[1]

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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existing in act or reality, not just potentially
factual, real, not just apparent or even false
in action at the time being
emphasise a nounsee alsoitself,‎exact,‎specific,‎very
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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actual (countable anduncountable,pluralactuals)

  1. an actual,real one; notably:
    1. (finance) something actually received; real receipts, as distinct from estimated ones.
    2. (military) a radiocallsignmodifier that specifies the commanding officer of the unit or asset denoted by the remainder of the callsign and not the officer's assistant or other designee.
      Bravo SixActual, this is Charlie One. Come in, over.
      The radio operator is requesting to speak to the commander of the unit under the call sign "Bravo Six", as opposed to any available member of the unit.
  2. (uncountable)Reality, usually with the definite article.
    • 1837,L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “A London Life”, inEthel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. [], volume I, London:Henry Colburn, [],→OCLC,page161:
      There was that desolate air about the chamber which is peculiar to an ill-furnished London room: cities need luxuries, were it only to conceal theactual.

See also

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References

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  1. ^Christopher Howse; Richard Preston (2007),She Literally Exploded: TheDaily Telegraph Infuriating Phrasebook, London:Constable and Robinson,→ISBN, page 3.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinactuālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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actual m orf (masculine and feminine pluralactuals)

  1. present,current
  2. factual

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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Galician

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinactuālis.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /aktuˈal/[ɑk.t̪uˈɑɫ]
  • Rhymes:-al
  • Hyphenation:ac‧tu‧al

Adjective

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actual m orf (pluralactuais)

  1. current,present
  2. factual,real,actual

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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Interlingua

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Adjective

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actual

  1. present,current
  2. factual
  3. (philosophy) actual,real

Related terms

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Middle English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromAnglo-Normanactuel andLate Latināctuālis; equivalent toact +‎-al.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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actual

  1. actual,real,true
  2. (philosophy, theology)active

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Occitan

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromLatinactuālis.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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actual m (feminine singularactuala,masculine pluralactuals,feminine pluralactualas)

  1. current

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Portuguese

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Adjective

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actual m orf (pluralactuais)

  1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1990 in Portugal) ofatual; still used where the agreement hasn’t come into effect and may occur as a sporadic misspelling

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchactuel, fromLatinactualis. Bysurface analysis,act +‎-ual.

Adjective

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actual m orn (feminine singularactuală,masculine pluralactuali,feminine/neuter pluralactuale)

  1. present-day

Declension

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Declension ofactual
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominative-
accusative
indefiniteactualactualăactualiactuale
definiteactualulactualaactualiiactualele
genitive-
dative
indefiniteactualactualeactualiactuale
definiteactualuluiactualeiactualiloractualelor

Scots

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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actual (comparativemair actual,superlativemaist actual)

  1. actual

References

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Spanish

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinactuālis. Cognate withEnglishactual although a false friend.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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actual m orf (masculine and feminine pluralactuales)

  1. present,current
    • 2020 July 9, Carlos E. Cué, Miguel González, “Sánchez plantea revisar la inviolabilidad del Rey en la Constitución”, inEl País[1], archived fromthe original on10 July 2020:
      Cuando se le preguntó si se está buscando “alguna salida” para el rey emérito, Calvo respondió que el futuro de Juan Carlos I “compete fundamentalmente a la decisión que tome el jefe de la Casa Real, que es elactual rey Felipe VI”.
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2025 May 30, David Goldman and Elisabeth Buchwald, “Trump anuncia que los aranceles al acero aumentarán a 50 %”, inCNN en Español[2]:
      El presidente Donald Trump anunció este viernes que establecerá aranceles del 50 % al acero importado a Estados Unidos, el doble de la tasaactual.
      President Donald Trump announced this Friday that he will impose 50% tariffs on imported steel to the United States, double thecurrent rate.
  2. factual
  3. (philosophy)actual,real
  4. present-day
    San Pablo nació en Tarso de Cilicia en laactual Turquía.
    Saint Paul was born in Tarsus of Cilicia inpresent-day Turkey.

Usage notes

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  • Actual is afalse friend and does not mean the same as the English wordactual. Spanish equivalents are shown above, in the "Translations" section of the English entryactual.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Noun

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actual m (pluralactuales)

  1. (preceded bydel) of the current month, year, etc.
    Synonyms:corriente,presente
    El día veintedel actual.
    The twentiethof this [month].

See also

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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