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abstemious

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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WOTD – 4 June 2018

Etymology

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FromLatinabstēmius(“abstaining from wine”); fromab,abs(“from”) +tēmus, a root oftēmētum(“intoxicating drink, especially strong mead or wine”) (possibly fromProto-Indo-European*temH-(“dark (referring to the colour of wine)”)) +‎-ous.[1]

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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abstemious (comparativemoreabstemious,superlativemostabstemious)

  1. Refraining fromfreelyconsumingfood orstrong drink;sparing indiet;abstinent,temperate.[From early 17th c.]
    Synonyms:abstinent,sober,temperate;see alsoThesaurus:abstemious
    • 1650,Thomas Browne, “Of the Cameleon”, inPseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […],→OCLC, 3rd book,page133:
      It cannot be denied it [thechameleon] is (if not the moſt of any) a veryabſtemious animall, and ſuch as by reaſon of its frigidity, paucity of bloud, and latitancy in the winter (about which time the obſervations are often made) will long ſubſist without a viſible ſuſtentation.
    • 1671,John Milton, “Samson Agonistes, […].”, inParadise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […],→OCLC,page42, lines637–638:
      Under his ſpecial eie /Abſtemious I [Samson] grew up and thriv'damain; / He led me on to mightieſt deeds / Above the nerve of mortal arm / Againſt the uncircumciſ'd, our enemies.
    • [1731,John Arbuthnot, “Of the Different Intentions to be Pursued in the Choice of Aliment in Different Constitutions”, inAn Essay concerning the Nature of Aliments, and the Choice of Them, According to the Different Constitutions of Human Bodies. In which the Different Effects, Advantages and Disadvantages of Animal and Vegetable Diet are Explain’d, Dublin: Printed by S. Powell, for George Risk, at the Shakespear's Head, George Ewing, at the Angel and Bible, and William Smith, at the Hercules, book-sellers inDame's-Street,→OCLC, proposition VII (To Explain the Symptoms, Causes, and Proper Diet of Constitutions, which Abound with a Spontaneous Alkali), paragraph 20,pages91–92:
      In too great Repletion either the elaſtick Force of the Tube is totally deſtroy'd; or if it continue proportional to the Degree of Extenſion like a Bow too ſtrongly drawn, it throws the Fluid with too great a projectile Force forward through the Veſſels, and back upon the Heart, and ſubjects the Animal to all the Diſeaſes depending on a Plethory, and may bring it into immediate Danger.[…] The Inſtances of Longevity are chiefly among theAbſtemious.
      A use of the adjective as a noun.]
    • 1826, [Mary Shelley], chapter IV, inThe Last Man. […], volume I, London:Henry Colburn, […],→OCLC,page148:
      […] I,abstemious naturally, and rendered so by the fever that preyed on me, was forced to recruit myself with food.
    • [1845,[Robert Malcolm, comp.], “The Living Skeleton”, inCuriosities of Biography, Or Memoirs of Remarkable Men, Glasgow: Printed forRichard Griffin & Company,→OCLC,page285:
      On turning around, I was instantly rivetted by his amazing emaciation; he seemed another "Lazarus, come forth" without his grave-clothes,[…] Below the ribs, the trunk so immediately curves in, that the red band of the silk covering, though it is only loosely placed, seems a tourniquet to constrict the bowels within their prison-house, and the hip-bones, being of their natural size, the waist is like a wasp's. By this part of the frame we are reminded of some descriptions of theabstemious and Bedouin Arab of the desert, in whom it is said the abdomen seems to cling to the vertbræ.
      A use of the adjective as a noun.]
    • 1919,W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, chapter XXVIII, inThe Moon and Sixpence,[New York, N.Y.]:Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […],→OCLC,page147:
      In the dimness of the landing I could not see him very well, but there was something in his voice that surprised me. I knew he was ofabstemious habit or I should have thought he had been drinking.
    • 2003,Gabriel García Márquez, chapter 4, inEdith Grossman, transl.,Living to Tell the Tale, New York, N.Y.:Alfred A. Knopf,→ISBN,page228:
      The other duel, which occurred much earlier but was indelible in the town's memory, was the one between Plinio Balmaceda and Dionisiano Barrios. The first was a member of an old and respectable family, an enormous, charming man but also a troublemaker with a wicked temper when he crossed paths with alcohol.[…] Dionisiano Barrios was just the opposite: a timid, impaired man, an enemy of brawls andabstemious by nature.
  2. Sparing in theindulgence of theappetite orpassions.
    Synonyms:abstentious,continent;see alsoThesaurus:self-abnegatory,Thesaurus:temperate
    • 2010, Rebecca L. Davis, “Sacred Partnerships”, inMore Perfect Unions: The American Search for Marital Bliss, Cambridge, Mass.; London:Harvard University Press,→ISBN,page149:
      The Ms had anabstemious sex life; in fourteen years of marriage, they had had sex exactly six times. Mrs. M desired sex and more children, but her husband refused.
  3. Sparingly used; used withtemperance ormoderation.
    Synonyms:frugal,sparing;see alsoThesaurus:frugal
    Antonyms:extravagant,squandering;see alsoThesaurus:prodigal
    • 1842, John Reitch, “[A Dictionary of Domestic Medicine.] EPILEPSY.”, in Gibbons Merle, John Reitch,The Domestic Dictionary and Housekeeper’s Manual: Comprising Everything Related to Cookery, Diet, Economy and Medicine. By Gibbons Merle. The Medical Portion of the Work by John Reitch, M.D., London: William Strange, 21,Paternoster Row,→OCLC,page360, column 2:
      If the predisposition to the disease has arisen from a plethoric state of the system, or from a turgescence in the vessels of the head, this is to be obviated by bleeding, both generally and topically, but more particularly the latter; anabstemious diet and proper exercise; and by a seton in the neck.
  4. Marked by, orspent in,abstinence.
    Synonym:temperate
    anabstemious life
  5. (rare)Promotive ofabstemiousness.

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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refraining from freely consuming food or strong drink
sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions
sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation
marked by, or spent in, abstinence
promotive of abstemiousness

References

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  1. ^Compare“abstemious”, inLexico,Dictionary.com;Oxford University Press,2019–2022.
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