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abstain

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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Etymology

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First attested around 1380. FromMiddle Englishabsteynen,absteinen,abstenen, fromOld Frenchastenir,abstenir, fromLatinabstineō(“to hold oneself back”) fromabs-(“from”) +teneō(“I hold”). See alsotenable.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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abstain (third-person singular simple presentabstains,present participleabstaining,simple past and past participleabstained)

  1. (transitive, reflexive, obsolete) Keep or withhold oneself.[Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the mid 16th century.][1]
  2. (intransitive)Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially anindulgence.[First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    In order to improve his health, Rob decided toabstain from smoking.
    • 22 May 1948, United Nations,Security Council Resolution 49
      The Security Council […] calls upon all Governments and authorities, without prejudice to the rights, claims or positions of the parties concerned, toabstain from any hostile military action in Palestine and to that end to issue a cease-fire order to their military and paramilitary forces
    • 1597, Shakespeare,Richard II, II-i:
      Whoabstains from meat that is not gaunt?
  3. (intransitive, obsolete)Fast(not eat for a period).[First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
  4. (intransitive) Deliberately refrain from casting one'svote at a meeting where one is present.[First attested around 1350 to 1470.][1]
    • 1913,Thomas Babington Macaulay,A Short History of English Liberalism:
      […]forcing a small portion of the population to abstain from voting
    Iabstain from this vote, as I have no particular preference.
  5. (transitive, obsolete)Hinder; keep back;withhold.[Attested from the early 16th century until the mid 17th century.][1]
    • 1645,John Milton,Tetrachordon: Expositions on the four chief places in Scripture:
      Whether heabstain men from marying [sic].

Usage notes

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  • (keep or withhold oneself): Followed by the wordfrom orof.
  • (refrain from something): Followed by the wordfrom.

Conjugation

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Conjugation ofabstain
infinitive(to)abstain
present tensepast tense
1st-personsingularabstainabstained
2nd-personsingularabstain,abstainest†abstained,abstainedst†
3rd-personsingularabstains,abstaineth†abstained
pluralabstain
subjunctiveabstainabstained
imperativeabstain—
participlesabstainingabstained

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Related terms

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Translations

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refrain from—see alsorefrain
refrain from voting
hinder, withhold

References

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  1. ↑1.01.11.21.31.4Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abstain”, inThe Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford, New York, N.Y.:Oxford University Press,→ISBN, page 9.

Anagrams

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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FromEnglishabstain.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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abstain

  1. (politics) toabstain(to deliberately refrain from casting one's vote at a meeting where one is present)
  2. (formal, rare, medicine) toabstain(to fast, diet)
    Synonym:puasa

Alternative forms

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Derived terms

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Further reading

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