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absent

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:absént

English

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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FromMiddle Englishabsent, fromMiddle Frenchabsent, fromOld Frenchausent, and their source,Latinabsens, present participle ofabsum(to be away from), fromab(away) +sum(to be).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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absent (comparativeabsenter,superlativeabsentest)[1]

  1. (not comparable) Beingaway from a place;withdrawn from a place; existing but notpresent;(sometimes)missing.[First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
    Antonym:present
    Coordinate term:accounted for
    Owing to his own illness and then his family's, Ramzi has often beenabsent from class this month. We will help him catch up with his studies.
    When they were able to return to the clinic some months later, certain pieces of equipment wereabsent.
  2. (not comparable) Notexisting.[First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
    Antonyms:present,existing,extant
    Hyponym:lacking(denotes that the absent thingought to exist)
    The body part was rudimentary orabsent in 1% of specimens.
    Empathy seemed to beabsent from the messages.
    Signs of forced entry wereabsent.
  3. (comparable)Inattentive to what is passing;absent-minded;preoccupied.[First attested in the early 18th century.][2]
    Antonym:present
    Tom was there, but he seemedabsent and withdrawn. Normally he is quite present [= engaged] during a meeting.
    • 1746-1747, Chesterfield,Letters to his Son:
      What is commonly called anabsent man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man.
    • 1902, John Buchan,The Outgoing of the Tide:
      For days Ailie had anabsent eye and a sad face, and it so fell out that in all that time young Heriotside, who had scarce missed a day, was laid up with a broken arm and never came near her.
Derived terms
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Related terms
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Translations
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being away from a place
not existing
inattentive
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

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absent (pluralabsents)

  1. (with definite article) Something absent, especially absentpeople collectively; those who were or are not there.[from 15th c.]
    • 1772,Frances Burney,Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 30 May:
      The Applause he met with exceeds all belief of theAbsent.
    • 1947,Cecil Day Lewis,Poetic Image:
      That very sense of longing, of yearning for theabsent, which 'nostalgia' conveys to us now.
  2. (obsolete, Scotland) Anabsentee; a person who is not there.[15th–19th c.][3]

Preposition

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absent

  1. In the absence of;without; except.[First attested in the mid 20th century.][2]
    Absent taxes modern governments cannot function.
    • 1919, “State vs. Britt, Supreme Court of Missouri, Division 2”, inThe Southwestern Reporter, page427:
      If the accused refuse upon demand to pay money or deliver property (absent any excuse or excusing circumstance) which came into his hands as a bailee, such refusal might well constitute some evidence of conversion, with the requisite fraudulent intent required by the statute.
    • 2011, David Elstein,London Review of Books, volume33, number15:
      the Princess Caroline case[] established that –absent a measurable ‘public interest’ in publication – she was safe from being photographed while out shopping.
    • 2013, Stephen K. Wegren, “Agriculture”, in Stephen K. Wegren, editor,Return to Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain, 5th edition, Lanham, MD:Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.,→ISBN,page223:
      About 25 percent of Russia’s large farms continue to be unprofitable, and that number would be considerably higherabsent government subsidies and assistance programs.
    • 2019 September 5, Ian Bogost, “I tried to limit my screen time (It didn't go well)”, inThe Atlantic[1]:
      And the distraction-management software Freedom offers a mode that won’t unlock affected appsabsent a telephone-support call.
    • 2020,Anu Bradford, “8. Is the Brussels Effect Beneficial?”, inThe Brussels Effect. How the European Union Rules the World, Oxford University Press,→ISBN, page258:
      California cannot promulgate regulations that are inconsistent with US federal lawsabsent an explicit waiver from the federal government.
Translations
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without

Etymology 2

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FromMiddle Englishabsenten, fromOld Frenchabsenter, fromLate Latinabsentāre(keep away, be away).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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absent (third-person singular simple presentabsents,present participleabsenting,simple past and past participleabsented)

  1. (reflexive) To keep (oneself) away.
    Most of the men are retired, jobless, or have otherwise temporarilyabsented themselves from the workplace.
    • 1701-1703,Addison,Remarks on Italy:
      If after due summons any memberabsents himself, he is to be fined.
    • 1943 November –1944 February (date written; published1945 August 17),George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair],Animal Farm [], London:Secker & Warburg, publishedMay 1962,→OCLC:
      This work was strictly voluntary, but any animal whoabsented himself from it would have his rations reduced by half.
    • 1986 December 7, Marcos Bisticas-Cocoves, “Just the Facts, Miss Thing”, inGay Community News, volume14, number21, page 1:
      Some people expect that the news should be written "professionally," that it should conform to certain "journalistic standards," and that it should not "editorialize." And this is tantamount to saying it should be written objectively, that we shouldabsent ourselves when writing copy.
  2. (transitive, archaic) To keep (someone) away.[First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
    • 1667,John Milton, “Book IX”, inParadise Lost. [], London: [] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker [];[a]nd by Robert Boulter [];[a]nd Matthias Walker, [],→OCLC; republished asParadise Lost in Ten Books: [], London: Basil Montagu Pickering [],1873,→OCLC:
      Go; for thy stay, not free,absents thee more;
  3. (intransitive, obsolete) Stay away; withdraw.[Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the late 18th century.][2]
    • 1855,Frederick Douglass,My Bondage and My Freedom. [], New York; Auburn, N.Y.: Miller, Orton & Mulligan [],→OCLC:
      The iron rule of the plantation, always passionately and violently enforced in that neighborhood, makes flogging the penalty of failing to be in the field before sunrise in the morning, unless special permission be given to theabsenting slave.
  4. (transitive, rare) Leave.[First attested around 1350 to 1470.][2]
  5. (transitive, rare) Toomit.
    • 2004, Paul Willemen, “Reflections on Eisenstein and Digital Imagery: Of Mice and Men”, inThe Montage Principle, page188:
      When we realize that the digitalisation of the image involves - by reducing and evenabsenting - the role of 'the physical', the 'sensuous' (by reducing and eventuallyabsenting the indexical aspects of the image)[]
    • 2018, Nicole Seymour,Bad Environmentalism, page61:
      Such sequences draw attention to the affective appeals that environmental documentary typically makes, precisely byabsenting those appeals.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to withhold from being present
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

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  1. ^Philip Babcock Gove (editor),Webster's Third International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1976 [1909],→ISBN), page 6
  2. 2.02.12.22.32.42.52.6Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “absent”, inThe Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.:Oxford University Press,→ISBN, page 8.
  3. ^absent,n.”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh:Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present,→OCLC.

Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinabsentem.Doublet ofausent.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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absent m orf (masculine and feminine pluralabsents)

  1. absent
    Antonym:present

Related terms

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Further reading

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Dutch

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchabsent.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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absent (comparativeabsenter,superlativeabsentst)

  1. absent
    Synonym:afwezig
    Antonyms:present,aanwezig

Declension

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Declension ofabsent
uninflectedabsent
inflectedabsente
comparativeabsenter
positivecomparativesuperlative
predicative/adverbialabsentabsenterhetabsentst
hetabsentste
indefinitem./f. sing.absenteabsentereabsentste
n. sing.absentabsenterabsentste
pluralabsenteabsentereabsentste
definiteabsenteabsentereabsentste
partitiveabsentsabsenters

Related terms

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French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromLatinabsentem. Compare the popular formausent.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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absent (feminineabsente,masculine pluralabsents,feminine pluralabsentes)

  1. absent
  2. absent-minded

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Noun

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absent m (pluralabsents)

  1. absentee;missing person

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Anagrams

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German

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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absent (strong nominative masculine singularabsenter,not comparable)

  1. absent, not present
  2. absent-minded

Declension

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Positive forms ofabsent (uncomparable)
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuter
predicativeeristabsentsieistabsentesistabsentsiesindabsent
strong declension
(without article)
nominativeabsenterabsenteabsentesabsente
genitiveabsentenabsenterabsentenabsenter
dativeabsentemabsenterabsentemabsenten
accusativeabsentenabsenteabsentesabsente
weak declension
(with definite article)
nominativederabsentedieabsentedasabsentedieabsenten
genitivedesabsentenderabsentendesabsentenderabsenten
dativedemabsentenderabsentendemabsentendenabsenten
accusativedenabsentendieabsentedasabsentedieabsenten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)
nominativeeinabsentereineabsenteeinabsentes(keine)absenten
genitiveeinesabsenteneinerabsenteneinesabsenten(keiner)absenten
dativeeinemabsenteneinerabsenteneinemabsenten(keinen)absenten
accusativeeinenabsenteneineabsenteeinabsentes(keine)absenten

Norman

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchausent, relatinized on the model of its ancestor,Latinabsēns(absent, missing), present active participle ofabsum, abesse(be away, be absent).

Adjective

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absent m

  1. (Jersey)absent

Derived terms

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Polish

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Etymology

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Learned borrowing fromLatinabsēns. First attested in 1571–1632.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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absent m animacy unattested

  1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    • 1983,Akta synodów różnowierczych w Polsce, volume III, page559:
      stronyabsentów tak duchownego, jako i świeckiego stanu conclusum, żeby dyscyplina ekstendowana była.
    1. (Middle Polish)absence
    2. (Middle Polish)absentee

Declension

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Attested forms of*absent
singularplural
nominative
genitiveabsentów
dative
accusative
instrumental
locative
vocative

Related terms

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adjective
nouns
verb

References

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  • Marek Kunicki-Goldfinger (29.09.2014), “ABSENT”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrenchabsent,Latinabsēns, absēntem.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /abˈsent/,/apˈsent/

Adjective

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absent m orn (feminine singularabsentă,masculine pluralabsenți,feminine/neuter pluralabsente)

  1. absent
    Antonym:prezent

Declension

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Declension ofabsent
singularplural
masculineneuterfemininemasculineneuterfeminine
nominative-
accusative
indefiniteabsentabsentăabsențiabsente
definiteabsentulabsentaabsențiiabsentele
genitive-
dative
indefiniteabsentabsenteabsențiabsente
definiteabsentuluiabsenteiabsențilorabsentelor

Related terms

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Further reading

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Tagalog

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromEnglishabsent, fromMiddle Englishabsent, fromMiddle Frenchabsent, fromOld Frenchausent, fromLatinabsens.Doublet ofawsente.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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absent (Baybayin spellingᜀᜊ᜔ᜐᜒᜈ᜔ᜆ᜔)

  1. absent
    Synonyms:wala,huwat,liban,lumiban,awsente,di-dumalo

Derived terms

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Related terms

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Further reading

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