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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:Appendix:Variations of "x"
Languages (40)
Translingual • English
Afar • Afrikaans • Albanian • Azerbaijani • Basque • Catalan • Central Franconian • Central Mazahua • Chinese • Dutch • Esperanto • Estonian • Finnish • French • German • Heiltsuk • Hungarian • Icelandic • Ido • Italian • Kankanaey • Korean • Kwak'wala • Latin • Malay • Maltese • Navajo • Norwegian • Portuguese • Romani • Romanian • Saanich • Somali • Spanish • Tagalog • Tashelhit • Vietnamese • Zulu
Page categories

XU+0058,X
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
W
[U+0057]
Basic LatinY
[U+0059]
Character variations

U+2169,Ⅹ
ROMAN NUMERAL TEN

[U+2168]
Number Forms
[U+216A]
U+FF38,X
FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X

[U+FF37]
Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms
[U+FF39]
𜳭U+1CCED,𜳭
OUTLINED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
𜳬
[U+1CCEC]
Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement𜳮
[U+1CCEE]

Translingual

EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

From theEtruscan letter𐌗(x,ex), from theAncient Greek letterΧ(Kh,chi), createdex nihilo.

Letter

X (lower casex)

  1. The twenty-fourthletter of thebasic modern Latin alphabet.
See also

Numeral

Roman numeral
XPrevious:IX
Next:XI

X

  1. TheRoman numeralten (10).
  2. (especially in the names of aristocracy) Thetenth.
  3. October.
    Comeronyms:I,i,1;II,ii,2;III,iii,3;IV,iv,4;V,v,5;VI,vi,6;VII,vii,7;VIII,viii,8;IX,ix,9;XI,xi,11;XII,xii,12
Alternative forms
Derived terms

Symbol

X

  1. (bowling) Astrike.
    Coordinate term:/(spare)
  2. (sports) Afail.
    Coordinate terms:O(success),-(skip)
  3. One of thetristimulus values which, withY andZ, defines coordinates in a three-dimensionalcolor space. Pronounced (in English)big X orcap X.
    • 2003, Charles A. Poynton,Digital Video and HDTV: Algorithms and Interfaces (in English),→ISBN, page217:
      X,Y andZ are pronouncedbig-X,big-Y, andbig-Z, orcap-X,cap-Y, andcap-Z, to distinguish them from littlex and littley, to be described in a moment.
  4. Aplaceholder for anyletter orword.
    Alternative form:x
  5. Alternativeletter-case form ofx(akiss)
  6. (linguistics)Awildcard for anysound (consonant, vowel or tone).
  7. (international standards)Substituted for the third letter of acurrency code to denote the minor unit of thatcurrency.
  8. (chemistry)Halogen.
  9. The symbol inbases higher thanthirty-three for the number expressed as33 in decimal.

Etymology 2

Possibly fromskull and crossbones.

Symbol

X

  1. A hazard indicator, sometimes incorporated into standard labeling and signage systems.
Derived terms

Gallery

  • Letter styles
  • Uppercase and lowercase versions of X, in normal and italic type
    Uppercase and lowercase versions ofX, in normal and italic type
  • Uppercase and lowercase X in Fraktur
    Uppercase and lowercaseX inFraktur

See also

Other representations of X:

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    Introduced byRené Descartes in the context of mathematical notation, but has since widened to other contexts.

    Numeral

    X

    1. An unknownquantity or unknown value.
      Alternative form:x
      LetX represent the forecast traffic flow in 20 years’ time.
      • 2020 January 30, Richard Johns, “Why Physicalism Seems to Be (and Is) Incompatible with Intentionality”, inActa Analytica[2],→DOI, pages7-8:
        To know whether a wordX is heterological, we must already know whatX means. (By contrast, I can know that the word “subdermatoglyphic” has certain syntactic properties—it is six-syllabled, contains the letter “m”, etc.— without having any idea of its meaning.) This indirectness is fine as long asX already has an assigned meaning, for in that case the meaning of “heterological” is ultimately grounded. But whenX is the word “heterological”, then we are trying to define “heterological” in terms of itself. We have a closed circle, and a contradictory one, due to the negation operator in the definition.
    Derived terms
    X chromosome
    Translations
    unknown quantity or unknown value

    Proper noun

    Logo of the social media network(etymology 1 sense 3)

    X

    1. Aplaceholder for an unknown, suppressed or hypothetical name.
      The woman known until now as WitnessX has been unmasked after a court ruling.
      Suppose that Mr and MrsX have been married for many years.
      • 2023 November, Andrea L. R. Pillai, “Hawks and Doves: Evaluating Presidential Powers and Duties Against Congress's Power to Declare War”, inDuke Law Journal[3], volume73, number 2,→ISSN,→OCLC, archived fromthe original on11 March 2024, page419:
        Although the Take Care Clause grants the president significant authority to enforce the laws, the duty to take care does not include a power to forbid the execution of the laws. Consequently, the president does not have the authority to disregard Congress’s declaration of war against CountryX. On the contrary, the president has an obligation to faithfully execute the declaration of war, even against their own beliefs and wishes.
    2. (anthroponymy, politics)Asurname, used by those who have had their identity or heritage, including their proper ancestral names, erased or forgotten.
    3. (social media) Anonlinesocial medianetwork, formerly known asTwitter.
      Alternative form:𝕏
      • 2025 February 3, Richard Luscombe, “Marco Rubio appoints himself head of USAid as workers locked out of office”, inThe Guardian[4],→ISSN:
        Two senior USAid security officials were suspended on Sunday for blocking Doge officials from a restricted area, a day after the agency’s website went offline, and Musk posted toX that USAid was “beyond repair” and needed to be shut down.
    4. (computing) TheX Window System, awindowing system forbitmap displays commonly used inUnix-like systems.
    Usage notes
    • Despite officially rebranding toX in July 2023, the social network is still commonly referred to asTwitter.
    Derived terms
    placeholder
    surname
    social media network

    Further reading

    Etymology 2

      Letter

      X (upper case,lower casex,pluralXsorX's)

      1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Englishalphabet, calledex and written in theLatin script.
      See also

      Noun

      X

      1. Anymark that looks like that letter, such as a mark made by a person who cannot read or write in lieu of asignature.
      2. (lacrosse) The spot behind thegoal.
      Derived terms
      cross mark
      signature mark
      Translations
      crossseecross

      Adjective

      X (notcomparable)

      1. Intersex ornon-binary(in passports and identification documents).
        Alternative form:x
        Coordinate terms:M,F
        • 2019 May 29, Amy Harmon, “Which Box Do You Check? Some States Are Offering a Nonbinary Option”, inThe New York Times[5], archived fromthe original on8 June 2019:
          So last summer, when the Massachusetts State Legislature became one of the first in the nation to consider a bill to add an “X” option for nonbinary genders to the “M” and “F” on the state driver’s license, El, 17, was less surprised than some at the maneuver that effectively killed it.

      Verb

      X (third-person singular simple presentXs,present participleXing,simple past and past participleXed)

      1. Alternative spelling ofex(todelete; tocross out).
        • 1944, Henry R. Luce,Fortune, volume30, page88:
          IXed the ballot for our Congressman last election just because he seemed[]

      Etymology 3

        Presumably by abbreviation of the pronunciation ofecstasy.

        Noun

        X (uncountable)

        1. (slang)Ecstasy, a particularstreet drug.
          • 2003 January 7, “In da Club” (track 5), inGet Rich or Die Tryin', performed by50 Cent:
            You can find me in the club, bottle full of bub'. Look, mami, I got theX if you into takin' drugs.
          • 2008, Stephen King,Graduation Weekend:
            Tonight the kids will go out and party down in a more righteous mode. Alcohol and not a few tabs ofX will be ingested. Club music will throb through big speakers.
          • 2018 June 8, “Love Druggie”‎[6]performed by Mendoza:
            I'm a love druggie falling for these drug junkies. Come n call on me besides theseX parties. It's fucking hard on my body.
        Translations
        slang: ecstasy

        Etymology 4

          Adjective

          X (notcomparable)

          1. (British film certificate, dated) Suitable only for those aged sixteen or (later) eighteen years and over.
          2. (originally movie rating)Obscene;adult;pornographic;XXX.
            • 1976,Movie Maker, volume10, numbers1-6, page364:
              If you go to anX movie you do so knowingly, as does everyone else in the audience. Or if the same thing comes up on TV you can switch over, or, if you wish, enjoy it in relative privacy.
          Derived terms
          Translations
          suitable for those over 16 or 18
          The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
          Translations to be checked

          Etymology 5

            FromChrist by abbreviation,orthographic borrowing fromAncient GreekΧ(Kh,letterchi), fromΧριστός(Khristós,Christ).

            Proper noun

            X

            1. (informal)Christ
            Derived terms
            Translations
            informal: Christ

            Etymology 6

              Sign reading “Pedestrian X” (Pedestrian Crossing)

              Fromcross, due to theX symbol being acrosssaltire.

              Noun

              X (pluralXes)

              1. Cross,crossing.
                Kennington viaCharingX
              Derived terms
              Translations
              cross, crossing

              Etymology 7

                Adjective

                X (comparativemoreX,superlativemostX)

                1. (informal)Abbreviation ofextreme.

                Afar

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The eighthletter of the Afaralphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Afrikaans

                Pronunciation

                • (letter name):IPA(key): /ɛks/

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Afrikaansalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Noun

                X (pluralX'e,diminutiveX'ie)

                1. X

                Albanian

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The thirty-secondletter of the Albanianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Azerbaijani

                Pronunciation

                • (phoneme)IPA(key): [χ]
                • (letter name)IPA(key): [χeː],[χɯː]

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twelfthletter of the Azerbaijanialphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Basque

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fifthletter of the Basquealphabet, calledixa and written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Catalan

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Catalanalphabet, calledics orxeix and written in theLatin script.

                Derived terms

                See also

                Central Franconian

                Pronunciation

                • /ks/

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. Aletter of the Central Franconianalphabet (German-based), written in theLatin script.
                2. Aletter of the Central Franconianalphabet (Dutch-based), written in theLatin script.

                Usage notes

                • In the German-based spelling,x is thedefault spelling for/ks/, but not the most frequent spelling. Following the German cognate or otherwise when there is an interveningmorpheme boundary, the spellingschs, cks, ks (possibly alsoggs) may be used instead.
                • In the Dutch-based spelling,/ks/ is usually represented byks. The letterx occurs only rarely in loanwords.
                • X is never doubled and preceding vowels are short unless they are themselves doubled (as in English).

                Central Mazahua

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. Aletter of the Central Mazahuaalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                Chinese

                Pronunciation 1


                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Latin alphabet as used in Chinese, written in theLatin script.

                Pronunciation 2

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter ofPinyin, written in theLatin script.

                Dutch

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Dutchalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                • Previous letter:W
                • Next letter:Y

                Esperanto

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. (replacement) The letter that represents a diacritic in thex-system, written after the letter in its non-diacriticed form; it is calledikso.
                  ambaŭambaux

                Estonian

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The thirty-firstletter of the Estonianalphabet, callediks and written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Finnish

                Etymology

                The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, andX for information on the development of the glyph itself.

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-thirdletter of the Finnishalphabet, calledäks oreks and written in theLatin script.

                Usage notes

                • Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords, it is replaced withks.

                Derived terms

                compounds

                See also

                French

                FrenchWikipedia has an article on:
                Wikipediafr

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Frenchalphabet, calledixe and written in theLatin script.

                Noun

                X m orf (invariable)

                1. X-framestool
                  • 1862,Victor Hugo, chapter1, inLes Misérables, Tome I : Fantine, book 3:
                    La duchesse de Duras lisait à trois ou quatre amis, dans son boudoir meublé d’X en satin bleu ciel[].
                    The Duchess de Duras was reading to two or three friends, in a boudoir furnished with X-frame stools in sky-blue satin.

                Adjective

                X (invariable)

                1. X-rated

                Derived terms

                German

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X n (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Germanalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                Heiltsuk

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. Aletter of the Heiltsukalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Hungarian

                Pronunciation

                • (letter name)IPA(key): [ˈiks]
                • (phonetic realization)IPA(key): [ˈks]

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. Aletter of the extended Hungarianalphabet, callediksz and written in theLatin script.

                Declension

                Inflection (stem in-e-, front unrounded harmony)
                singularplural
                nominativeXX-ek
                accusativeX-etX-eket
                dativeX-nekX-eknek
                instrumentalX-szelX-ekkel
                causal-finalX-értX-ekért
                translativeX-széX-ekké
                terminativeX-igX-ekig
                essive-formalX-kéntX-ekként
                essive-modal
                inessiveX-benX-ekben
                superessiveX-enX-eken
                adessiveX-nélX-eknél
                illativeX-beX-ekbe
                sublativeX-reX-ekre
                allativeX-hezX-ekhez
                elativeX-bőlX-ekből
                delativeX-rőlX-ekről
                ablativeX-tőlX-ektől
                non-attributive
                possessive – singular
                X-éX-eké
                non-attributive
                possessive – plural
                X-éiX-ekéi
                Possessive forms ofX
                possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
                1st person sing.X-emX-eim
                2nd person sing.X-edX-eid
                3rd person sing.X-eX-ei
                1st person pluralX-ünkX-eink
                2nd person pluralX-etekX-eitek
                3rd person pluralX-ükX-eik

                See also

                Icelandic

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Icelandicalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Ido

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Idoalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Italian

                ItalianWikipedia has an article on:
                Wikipediait

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X f orm (upper case,lower casex,invariable)

                1. the twenty-fourth letter of theLatin alphabet, calledics in Italian

                Usage notes

                • The letterX is not considered part of the Italian alphabet. It is found mainly in loanwords,Latinisms, andGrecisms.

                See also

                Kankanaey

                Etymology

                Borrowed fromTagalogX. Letter pronunciation is influenced byEnglishX.

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Kankanaeyalphabet, calledeks and written in theLatin script.

                See also

                References

                • Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016),Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎[7] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog),→ISBN, pages10-11

                Korean

                Etymology

                FromJapanese×(ばつ).

                Symbol

                X (X)

                1. false.

                Antonyms

                Derived terms

                Kwak'wala

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. Aletter of the Kwak'walaalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Latin

                LatinWikipedia has an article on:
                Wikipediala

                Etymology

                Borrowed fromAncient GreekΧ(Kh,chi), which represented /ks/ in the dialects of most of the Greek mainland and Euboea.

                Pronunciation

                The sound of X was like that of the GreekΞ(X,xi), that is /ks/, although etymologically it represented not onlycs (as inlūx, from luc-s, anddīxī, from dic-si), but alsogs (as inlēx, from leg-s;rēxī, from reg-si);hs (as intrāxī, from trah-si;vexī, from veh-si); andchs (as in the wordonyx, from onych-s, borrowed from the Greek). Thehardening of a softer final (g,h,ch) befores into theс sound, which occurs in the last-mentioned cases, is found also in several roots ending inv andu:nix forniv-s,vīxī forviv-si,connixī for conniv-si,fluxī forfluv-si, fromfluō (rootfluv-; comparefluvius),struxī forstru-si.

                Less frequentlyx has arisen from the combinationsps andts:proximus forprop-simus (fromprope),nīxus for nit-sus (fromnītor), the latter being used along with the collateral formnīsus, as alsoconnīvī withconnixī, andmistus (frommisceō) withmixtus.

                An exchange of the soundsss ors andx, took place inaxis forassis andlaxus forlassus. In the later language of the vulgar, the guttural sound inx disappeared, ands orss was often written for it; asvis forvix,visit forvīxit,unsit forunxit, conflississet forconflixisset, in late inscriptions; hence regularly in Italian, and frequently in the other Romance tongues, the Latinx is represented bys orss.

                By a mere graphic variation, one of the constituent sounds ofx is often expressed in inscriptions (but not the earliest) by an additionalс ors; as SACXO or SAXSO forsaxō; VCXOR or VXSOR foruxor; CONIVNCX or CONIVNXS forconjunx; even both sounds are sometimes thus expressed, VICXSIT forvīxit.

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-thirdletter of the Latinalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                Symbol

                X

                1. A digit10 (decem) in the decimalRoman numeral system. Originally atally mark. It is iterated for multiples.

                Derived terms

                See also

                References

                • “X” in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short [1907],A New Latin Dictionary.

                Malay

                MalayWikipedia has an article on:
                Wikipediams

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Malayalphabet, calledeks and written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Maltese

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-eighthletter of the Maltesealphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Navajo

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. Aletter of the Navajoalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Norwegian

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. the 24th letter of the Norwegian alphabet

                Usage notes

                Mostly used in loan words and foreign names. Also used in old inscriptions and texts instead ofks.

                Portuguese

                Pronunciation

                (letter name)

                 

                (phonetic realization)IPA(key): /s/,/z/,/ʃ/,/ks/,/ɡz/

                Letter

                X m (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Portuguesealphabet, calledxis and written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Romani

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. (International Standard)The eleventhletter of the Romanialphabet, written in theLatin script.
                2. (Pan-Vlax)The twelfthletter of the Romanialphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                References

                • Yūsuke Sumi (2018), “X, x”, inニューエクスプレス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha,→ISBN, page13

                Romanian

                Pronunciation

                • (phonetic realization)IPA(key): /ks/,/ɡz/

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-ninthletter of the Romanianalphabet, calledics and written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Saanich

                Pronunciation

                • (phonetic realization)IPA(key): /x̠/

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The thirty-fifthletter of the Saanichalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Somali

                Pronunciation

                • (letter name)IPA(key): /ħɑ/
                • (phonetic realization)IPA(key): /ħ/

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The fifthletter of the Somalialphabet, calledxa and written in theLatin script; preceded byJ and followed byKH.

                Usage notes

                See also

                Spanish

                Pronunciation

                Etymology 1

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fifthletter of the Spanishalphabet, written in theLatin script.
                Derived terms

                Etymology 2

                Borrowed fromEnglishX.

                Proper noun

                X ?

                1. X(social network formerly known asTwitter)
                  • 2025 January 28, Jordan Valinsky, “Google Maps cambiará el nombre del golfo de México por el de "golfo de Estados Unidos"”, inCNN en Español[8]:
                    En una publicación enX, Google explicó que tiene una “práctica de larga data de aplicar cambios de nombre cuando se han actualizado en fuentes gubernamentales oficiales”.
                    (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

                Tagalog

                Etymology

                Borrowed fromSpanishX. Each pronunciation has a different source:

                • Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced byEnglishX.
                • Abecedario pronunciation is fromSpanishX.

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. the twenty-sixthletter of theFilipino alphabet, calledeks and written in theLatin script
                2. (historical)the twenty-sixthletter of theAbecedario, calledequis orekis and written in theLatin script

                Usage notes

                • This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.

                Related terms

                See also

                Further reading

                • X”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph,2018

                Tashelhit

                Pronunciation

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. Aletter of the Tashelhitalphabet, written in theLatin script.

                Further reading

                Vietnamese

                Pronunciation

                • (Hà Nội)IPA(key): [ʔïk̟̚˧˦],[ʔïk̟̚˧˦ si˨˩],[səː˨˩],[səː˨˩ ɲɛ˧˨ʔ]
                • (Huế)IPA(key): [ʔɨt̚˦˧˥],[ʔɨt̚˦˧˥ sɪj˦˩],[səː˦˩],[səː˦˩ ɲɛ˨˩ʔ]
                • (Saigon)IPA(key): [ʔɨt̚˦˥],[ʔɨt̚˦˥ sɪj˨˩],[səː˨˩],[səː˨˩ ɲɛ˨˩˨]
                • Phonetic spelling: ích, ích xì, xờ, xờ nhẹ
                • Audio(Hà Nội):(file)

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-eighthletter of the Vietnamesealphabet, calledích,ích xì,xờ orxờ nhẹ and written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Zulu

                Letter

                X (upper case,lower casex)

                1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Zulualphabet, written in theLatin script.

                See also

                Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=X&oldid=89558290"
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