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Wiktionary:Chinese entry guidelines/Cantonese/Taishanese

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<Wiktionary:Chinese entry guidelines |Cantonese
(Redirected fromWiktionary:About Chinese/Cantonese/Taishanese)
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Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe the Taicheng dialect of Taishanese.

The IPA column and Wiktionary romanization was based on the Taicheng dialect data atHanyu Gujinyin Ziliaoku.

Other romanizations described here are:

  • The method used by Stephen Li at hisTaishanese Language Home;
  • The method used by Gene Chin in theHoisanva English Dictionary;
  • The method used in a publication by theDefense Language Institute;
  • The method used by Deng Jun (邓钧) in theTaishan Fangyan Zidian (台山方音字典, 2016).

Initials

[edit]
IPATranscriptionStephen LiGene ChinDLIDeng JunExampleNotes
/p/bbbpb
/pʰ/pppp’p
/ᵐb/mmmmm
/f/fffff /
/v/vvvwv /
/t/dddtd
/tʰ/tttt’t
/ⁿd/nnnnn
/l/lllll
/ɬ/lhɬxlhlh
/k/gggkg /
/kʰ/kkkk’k
/ᵑɡ/ngŋngngng
/t͡s/zdzjchz
j(i)
/t͡sʰ/ctschch’c
q(i)
/j/yyyyy
/s/sssss
x(i)
/h/hhhhh

Rhymes

[edit]
IPATranscriptionStephen LiGene ChinDLIDeng JunExampleNotes
/a/aaaaa
/ai/aiaiaiaaiai
/au/auɔuaoaauao
/am/amamamaamam
/an/anananaanan
/aŋ/angangaangang
/ap̚/apapapaapab
/at̚/atatataatad
/ak̚/akakakaakag
/i/iiiii
/iu/iuiuiuiuiu /
/im/imimimimim
/in/ininininin
/ip̚/ipipipipib
/it̚/ititititid
/iɛ/ieiaeheie
/iau/iauiaueliauieu /
/iam/iamiamemiemiem
/iaŋ/iangiaŋengiangieng /
/iap̚/iapiapepiepieb
/iak̚/iakiakekiakieg /
/u/uuuoou
/ui/uiuiuiooiui /
/un/unununoonun
/ut̚/utututootud
/ə/ee /
/ei/eiiiiei[1]
/eu/euǝueoaaueu
/em/emǝmeim?em
/en/eneinen, einienen
/ep̚/epǝpeip?eb𢱕
/et̚/etɛtet, eik?ed
/ɵŋ/uungǝŋungungung /
/ɵt̚/uutututootud
/ɵk̚/uukǝkukukug
/ᵘɔ/oɔoouo
/ᵘɔi/oiɔioioioi /
/ᵘɔn/onɔnononon
/ɔŋ/ongɔŋongongong /
/ᵘɔt̚/otɔtototod
/ɔk̚/okɔkokokog /
/m̩/mmmmng (m)
except m* 唔

Tones

[edit]
ToneTranscriptionTone numerals / Stephen LiGene ChinDLIDeng JunExampleCategory
Mid level133äàa'陰平/陰去/下陰入
High level255āaa-陰上/上陰入
Low level322ãāa* /陽平
Low falling421âạ̄a>陽上/下陽入
Mid falling532àâa` /陽去/上陽入

Changed tones

[edit]
ToneTranscriptionTone numerals / Stephen LiGene ChinDLIDeng JunExample
Mid level > Mid rising1*335ä/à*a'- /
Low level > Low rising3*225ã/ā*a*- /
Low falling > Low dipping4*215â/ạ̄*a>-
Mid falling > Mid dipping5*325à/â*a`-台山

There are two types of tone changes in Taishanese:

  • The rising tone change () is indicated using an asterisk* after the original tone, e.g.(hong3*,candy).
  • The dipping tone change (to the fourth tone˨˩) is indicated using-4 after the original tone, e.g.(nguuk5-4,meat)

These two can be combined, e.g.(cat1-4*,a brush).

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Does not occur with/ts/,/tsʰ/,/s/ or/j/. Some speakers may pronounce this as/i/. Seethis page for details.
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