The following is a partial guide to the handling of Francoprovençal on Wiktionary. The language's name may hereafter be abbreviated to FP.

Semi-phonetic orthography devised by theBureaurégional pour l'ethnologie et lalinguistique.

• PVA:“le système de graphie”

Semi-phonetic orthography devised by theGroupe de Conflans.^{[note 1]}

Partly etymological and partly diaphonemic orthography proposed by Dominique Stich as a written standard for FP. This is used for lemmatization on Wiktionary for lack of another option.

Sometimes a FP lemma on Wiktionary corresponds to an alternative form in Stich that has been judged a better overall fit for the regional realizations. For instanceârbro (as opposed to Stich's preferredâbro) has been chosen as a compromise between the regional types [-rb(V)r-], [-br-], and [-rb-].

• Stich 2001
• Stich 2003
• ORB 4.9.18 (latest update)

FP pronunciations on Wiktionary are given in phonetic form, not phonemic. Due to the language's high degree of regional variation, it is inadvisable to add any phonemic transcription without first determining the specific phonology of the (micro-)dialect in question.

All transcriptions are either taken from a linguistic atlas or carefully made by an editor on the basis of a cited audio recording. Most of the atlases use pre-modern phonetic notations, an overview of which is provided below.

Devised in the late nineteenth century byJean-Pierre Rousselot andJules Gilliéron. Its use in the monumentalAtlas linguistique de la France made it the predominant notation in French dialectology for most of the twentieth century.

The “core” vowels are ⟨i u e œ a ė o ꭒ⟩, which stand for [i̞ y̞ e̞ ø̞ ä ə o̞ u̞] respectively. These form the basis for all other vowel notations.

• ◌̀ indicates a relatively open vowel; ◌́ a relatively close vowel.
  • Example: ⟨è⟩ stands for [ɛ], the vowel one degree lower than ⟨e⟩ [e̞].
  • Exceptions: ⟨à⟩ and ⟨á⟩ stand for front [a] and back [ɑ] respectively (not *[ä̞], *[ä̝]).
• Vowel superpositions indicate intermediate qualities.
  • Example: ⟨eͥ⟩ stands for [e̝], the vowel between ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩.^{[note 2]}
• ◌̇ indicates mid-centralization (only in theTPh).
  • Exception: since ⟨ė⟩ is reserved for schwa, the mid-centralized counterpart to ⟨e⟩ is instead written ⟨ë⟩.

• ◌̆ indicates a relatively short duration; ◌̄ a relatively long duration.
  • Example: ⟨ū́⟩ stands for [yː].
  • Duration is rarely specified for ⟨ė⟩ (schwa) and never for weakly articulated vowels.
• ◌̃ indicates nasalization.
  • Example: ⟨è̃⟩ stands for [ɛ̃].
  • A somewhat wavier tilde, for which there is no unicode symbol, indicates partial nasalization.^{[note 3]}
• Subscript is used to indicate weak articulation.
  • Example: ⟨ₑ̇⟩ stands for [ə͉].
• ◌̩ indicates stress.
  • Example: ⟨á̩⟩ stands for [ˈɑ] or [ˌɑ].
  • It is commonly omitted in oxytones, i.e. where French speakers would naturally expect it.

• Shows a strong bias towards the “classical” French vowels ⟨é è á à ò ó⟩. Intermediate or indeterminate ⟨e a o⟩ are uncommon, except in the context of weak articulation.
• Shows a strong tendency to mark vowels as either short or long, leaving few with intermediate or indeterminate duration.

• Shows much the same bias towards “classical” French vowels as the ALF.
• Vowel duration is rarely marked.

• The top two vowel heights are not distinguished: ⟨í⟩ is transcribed as ⟨i⟩, etc.^{[note 4]}

• ALF:Notice servant à l'intelligence des cartes, p 18
• ALLy:volume IV, pp 59–60
• RPGR:volume I, pp 3–17
• TPh: pp VII–X, 1

Faute de mieux, a series of arbitrary groupings has been adapted here fromStich 2003.

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Swiss canton ofNeuchâtel.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following location:
  • Les Ponts
• TPh: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Boudry,Cerneux-Pêquignot,Chaux-du-Milieu,Corcelles,Côte-aux-Fées,Landeron,Montalchez,Noiraigue,Savagnier

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts from the city ofNeuchâtel.

• DLG:chNCh
• MHN

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Swiss canton ofVaud.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Échallens,Gingins,Le Brassus,Le Pont,L'Étivaz,Vevey,Vuitebœuf
• TPh: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Arnex,Charnex,Château-d'Œx,Chevroux,Commugny,L'Auberson,Le Sentier,Longirod,Montpreveyres,Ormont-Dessus,Prahins,Roche,Vallorbe,Vaugondry,Villars-le-Terroir,Vullierens

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts from theVaud.

• DLG:docVaud

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Swiss canton ofFribourg.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Belfaux,Billens,Estavayer,Gruyères
• DFF: orthographic forms and recordings for the following locations:
  • Allières,Treyvaux
• TPh: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Arconciel,Avry,Courtepin,Dompierre,Montbovon,Murist,Semsales,Sugiez

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts from the city ofFribourg.

• DLG:DocFrib

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Swiss canton ofValais.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Bourg-St-Pierre,Évolène,Le Châble,Lens,Nendaz,St-Maurice,Vissoie
• ALV: phonetic transcriptions and recordings for the following locations:
  • Arbaz,Chalais,Chamoson,Conthey,Évolène,Fully,Hérémence,Isérables,Lens,Les Marécottes,Liddes,Lourtier,Miège,Montana,Nendaz,Orsières,St-Jean,Savièse,Troistorrents,Val-d'Illiez,Vouvry
• APV: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Évolène,Liddes
• DFF: orthographic forms and recordings for the following location:
  • Savièse
• TPh: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Ayent,Champéry,Collombey,Conthey,Évolène,Fully,Grimentz,Grône,Lourtier,Martigny,Miège,Nendaz,Orsières,Savièse,St-Gingolph

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts fromValais.

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Italian region ofAosta Valley.

• AIS: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Brusson,Rhêmes-St-Georges,St-Marcel
• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Aosta,Ayas,Champorcher,Châtillon,Courmayeur
• ALV: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Bionaz,Torgnon
• APV: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Arnad,Ayas,Champorcher,Cogne,Émarèse,Fénis,Gaby,La Salle,La Thuile,Oyace,Quart,Rhêmes-St-Georges,St-Oyen,Sarre,Valsavarenche,Valtournenche
• PVA: orthographic forms and recordings for the following locations:
  • Allein,Antey-St-André,Aosta,Arnad,Arvier,Avise,Ayas,Aymavilles,Bard,Bionaz,Brissogne,Brusson,Challand-St-Anselme,Challand-St-Victor,Chambave,Chamois,Champdepraz,Champorcher,Charvensod,Châtillon,Cogne,Courmayeur,Donnas,Doues,Émarèse,Étroubles,Fénis,Fontainemore,Gaby,Gignod,Gressan,Hône,Introd,Issogne,Jovençan,La Magdeleine,La Salle,La Thuile,Lillianes,Montjovet,Morgex,Nus,Ollomont,Oyace,Perloz,Pollein,Pontboset,Pontey,Pont-St-Martin,Pré-St-Didier,Quart,Rhêmes-St-Georges,Roisan,St-Christophe,St-Denis,St-Marcel,St-Nicolas,St-Oyen,St-Pierre,St-Rhémy-en-Bosses,St-Vincent,Sarre,Torgnon,Valgrisenche,Valpelline,Valsavarenche,Valtournenche,Verrayes,Verrès,Villeneuve
• VIV: phonetic transcriptions and recordings for the following locations:
  • Brusson,Cogne,Courmayeur,Fénis,Rhêmes-St-Georges,St-Nicolas,St-Rhémy,Valtournenche,St-Marcel

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Italian region ofPiedmont.

• AIS: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Ala di Stura,Bruzolo,Giaveno,Noasca,Ronco Canavese
• ALP: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Balme,Chialamberto,Chianocco,Coazze,Giaglione,Ingria,Lemie,Mattie,Novalesa,Prato Botrile,Ribordone,San Giuliano
• DGL: orthographic forms for the following location:
  • Giaglione
• VFC: orthographic forms for the following location:
  • Ceres
• VIV: phonetic transcriptions and recordings for the following locations:
  • Ala di Stura,Coazze,Ronco Canavese

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Italian region ofApulia.

• AIS: phonetic transcriptions for the following location:
  • Faeto
• VIV: phonetic transcriptions and recordings for the following locations:
  • Celle di San Vito,Faeto

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the French departments ofSavoie andHaute-Savoie.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Bons,Bozel,Chamonix,Chignin,Épierre,Hauteluce,La Biolle,Lanslebourg,Le Biot,Meillerie,Pringy,St-Martin-de-la-Porte,St-Pierre-de-Rumilly,Séez,Sixt,Thônes,Verrens-Arvey
• ALV: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Abondance,Sixt
• APV: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Les Contamines-Montjoie,Tignes
• LPT: orthographic forms for the following locations:
  • Tignes
• DSV: orthographic forms for the following locations:

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts from the city ofChambéry.

• SSV

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the Swiss canton ofGeneva.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following location:
  • Bernex
• DSV: orthographic forms for the following locations:
  • Geneva,Onex,Versoix
• TPh: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Collex,Hermance,Laconnex,Vernier,Veyrier

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the former territory of the former French province ofFranche-Comté.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • La Rivière,Montain,Morbier,Ney,Plaisia,St-Amour,Vaux-lès-St-Claude

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the territory of the French region ofBugey.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Brion,Surjoux,Torcieu
• DFF: orthographic forms and recordings for the following location:
  • Sonthonnax^{[note 5]}

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the former territory of the French province ofDauphiné.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Charavines,Clonas,Le Grand-Serre,Morestel,Oisans,Sassenage,St-Jean-de-Bournay,Theys
• ALLy: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Clonas,Jardin,Pommier

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts from the city ofGrenoble.

• DLG:Codi,docGren

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the territory of the French region ofDombes.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following location:
  • Villars-les-Dombes
• ALLy: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Mogneneins,St-Euphémie

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the territory of the French region ofBresse.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Lent,Replonges
• ALLy: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Grièges,Replonges
• DFF: orthographic forms and recordings for the following locations:
  • Attignat,Boissey,Condal,Cras,Curciat,Coligny,Confrançon,Domsure,La Genête,Lescheroux,Mantenay-Montlin,Montrevel,Marsonnas,Pirajoux,Polliat,St-Cyr,St-Jean-sur-Reyssouze,St-Martin-le-Châtel,St-Rémy,St-Trivier,Romenay,St-Étienne,Ste-Croix-en-Bresse,Savigny,Vandeins,Varennes,Viriat

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts fromBresse.

• DLG

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the present territory of the French arrondissement ofMâcon.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following location:
  • Davayé
• ALLy: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Clessé,Davayé,St-Pierre-le-Vieux

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the territory of the French region ofBeaujolais.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Cours,St-Lager
• ALLy: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Huissel,Chambost-Allières,Chénas,Chénelette,La Ville,Marchampt,Pommiers,St-Clément,St-Igny,Ste-Paule
• DPB: orthographic transcriptions for the following location:
  • Belleroche

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts fromBeaujolais.

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the former territory of the French province ofLyonnais.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Bully,St-Priest,St-Symphorien
• ALLy: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Affoux,Courzieu,Feyzin,Haute-Rivoire,Larajasse,Marennes,Poleymieux,Soucieu,Ste-Consorce,St-Germain,St-Jean-de-Touslas

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts from the city ofLyon.

• DLG:docLyon
• PhL

Varieties of modern Francoprovençal spoken within the territory of the French region ofForez.

• ALF: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
  • Ambierle,Néronde,Sail-sous-Couzan
• ALLy: phonetic transcriptions for the following locations:
• Arcon,Arthun,Coutouvre,Essertines,Jas,La Valla,Poncins,Roisey,Sail-les-Bains,St-Bonnet-des-Quarts,St-Bonnet-les-Oules,St-Denis-de-Cabane,Ste-Colombe,Ste-Croix-en-Jarez,St-Georges,St-Jodard,St-Marcel-d'Urfé,St-Maurice-sur-Loire ,Sury

Francoprovençal forms in medieval texts from region ofForez.

• DLG

Jaberg, Karl & Jud, Jakob. 1928‒40.Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz. Zofingen: Ringier.

1919‒28

• Böhmer‒Ascoli

• <https://navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it> for the original maps
• <https://www.ais-reloaded.uzh.ch> for a modernized version

Gilliéron, Jules & Edmont, Edmond. 1902‒10.Atlas linguistique de la France. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale.

1897‒1901

• Rousselot‒Gilliéron

• <http://lig-tdcge.imag.fr/steamer/eclats/cartesALF/TIFF> for all of the maps (as individual files)
• <https://archive.org/details/atlaslinguistnot00gilluoft> for theNotice servant à l'intelligence des cartes

Gardette, Pierre. 1950‒76.Atlas linguistique et ethnographique du Lyonnais. Paris: CNRS.

1945‒8

• Rousselot‒Gilliéron

• <https://www.ortolang.fr/market/corpora/ally?path=%2FAlly>

(shortened from ALEPO)

Vv.Aa. 2003‒.Atlante Linguistico ed Etnografico del Piemonte Occidentale - ALEPO.

1980‒91

• International Phonetic Alphabet

• <https://www.alepo.unito.it/il-progetto/i-risultati-pubblicazioni/pubblicazioni-dellalepo> for volume V

(shortened from ALAVAL)

Diémoz, Federica & Kristol, Andres (eds). 2019.Atlas linguistique audiovisuel du francoprovençal valaisan. Neuchâtel: University of Neuchâtel.

1994‒2001

• International Phonetic Alphabet

• <https://alaval.unine.ch/>

Fave, Saverio & Raimondi, Gianmario (eds.) 2020.Atlas des patois valdôtains. APV/1 – Le lait et les activités laitières. Arvier: Le Château.

1973‒2001

• International Phonetic Alphabet

• <https://www.patoisvda.org/atlas-patois-valdotains>

University of Montréal.Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal. <https://dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca>

• ORB
• Graphie de Conflans for theBressan varieties
• Other semi-phonetic orthographies for theFribourgeois andValaisan varieties

Kolly, Albert & Monnard, Jean-Marie & Thorimbert, Jean-Louis. 2013.Dictionnaire français-patois. Société cantonale des patoisants fribourgeois.

<https://apps.apple.com/za/app/dikchen%C3%A9ro/id710440993> for a free application featuring much of its content

Vv.Aa. 2011.Dizionario Giaglionese. Borgone: Edizione del Graffio.

An esoteric semi-phonetic orthography.^{[note 6]}

• <https://www.dizionariogiaglionese.it/>

University of Zurich.Documents linguistiques galloromans. <https://www.rose.uzh.ch/docling/>

Comby, Auguste. 1994.Dictionnaire du patois de Belleroche (Loire). Dijon: Association bourguinonne de Dialectologie et d'Onomastique / Institut Pierre Gardette.

• Graphie de Conflans

Constantin, Aimé & Désormaux, Joseph. 1902.Dictionnaire savoyard. Paris: Librairie Émile Bouillon / Annecy : Imprimerie Abry.

Esoteric; see pages XXV–XLII.

• <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6540091b>

Gauchet, Louis & Jeanjaquet, Jules & Tappolet, Ernest. 1924‒33.Glossaire des patois de la Suisse romande. Neuchâtel: Attinger.

<https://www.unine.ch/isla/en/home/presentation/gpsr.html>

Célestin, Duch. Béjean, Henri. 1998.Le patois de Tignes (Savoie). Grenoble: ELLUG.

• Graphie de Conflans

Matile, George-Auguste. 1844–8.Monuments de l'histoire de Neuchâtel. 2 vols. Neuchâtel: Attinger.

• <https://doc.rero.ch/record/18242>

Philipon, Édouard. 1884. “Phonétique lyonnaise au XIV^e siècle”.Romania. 13: 542–90.

<https://www.persee.fr/doc/roma_0035-8029_1884_num_13_52_6326>

Autonomous region of Aosta Valley.PatoisVdA. <https://www.patoisvda.org/>

Graphie BREL

Gilliéron, Jules & Rousselot, Jean-Pierre. 1887–92.Revue des patois gallo-romans. 5 vols. Paris/Neuchâtel: Champion/Attinger (1887–8), Paris: Welter (1890–2).

<https://archive.org/search?query=Revue+des+patois+gallo-romans>

Vv.Aa.Mémoires et documents. Chambéry: Société savoisienne d'histoire et d'archéologie.

• <https://www.ssha.fr/parutions>

Stich, Dominique. 2001.Francoprovençal: Proposition d'une orthographe supra-dialectale standardisée. Thesis. University of Paris.

• ORB

<http://www.arpitania.eu/aca/documents/These_Stich_2001.pdf>

Stich, Dominique. 2003.Dictionnaire francoprovençal/français, français/francoprovençal: Dictionnaire des mots de base du francoprovençal: Orthographe ORB supradialectale standardisée. Thonon-les-Bains: Éditions Le Carré.

• ORB

Gauchet, Louis & Jeanjaquet, Jules & Tappolet, Ernest. 1925.Tableaux phonétiques des patois suisses romands: relevés comparatifs d’environ 500 mots dans 62 patois-types. Neuchâtel: Attinger.

1904‒7

• Rousselot‒Gilliéron

• <https://www.patoisneuchatelois.net/patoisneuchatelois.net/Bibliografia_files/TPPSR.pdf> for the original
• <https://tppsr.clld.org> for a modernized version

Genta, Diego Toumazìna & Santacroce, Claudio. 2013.Vocabolario del patois francoprovenzale di Ceres (Valli di Lanzo). Turin: Il Punto.

• Graphie BREL

(shortened from VIVALDI)

Kattenbusch, Dieter et al. (1998‒),Vivaio acustico delle lingue e dei dialetti d’Italia. Berlin: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Romanistik.

1992‒present

• Böhmer‒Ascoli

• <https://www2.hu-berlin.de/vivaldi/index.php>

• Wiktionary language considerations

• Wiktionary pages with shortcuts