This template displays themorphemes (parts) that compose a word and categorizes its affixes, used inetymology sections. Despite the name, this template may be used for compounds similar to{{compound}}.
|1=|2=,|3= etc.|1=. When this is provided, the language name is displayed before the part, and a derivational category is also added to the entry. This is used for the occasional term which was directly affixed at the time of borrowing, and for which no native base form existed at the time, such asvexillology.|pos=terms. This is separate from (and conceptually very different from) the|posN= parameters, which specify clarifying parts of speech or similar descriptive text to display in parentheses after individual terms, next to the gloss.|lit=|litN= parameters, which specify literal meanings of individual parts.|sort=|sc=|scN= parameters, which specify script codes for individual parts in languages distinct from the overall language specified using|1=.|nocat=1|type=|nocap=1|type=.|notext=1|type= is used, do not generate the extra text that is normally placed before the listed parts. The page will still be placed in the additional type-specific category unless|nocat=1 is given.The following parameters are available for each matching part in the numbered/positional parameters. TheN must be replaced by the corresponding part index. For example, for the second part (positional parameter 3), use 2 forN. Most of these parameters correspond directly to the equivalent parameters in the standard{{l}} (and{{m}}) template.
|altN={{l}}.|tN={{l}}.The parameter|glossN= is deprecated for this purpose.|trN={{l}}.|tsN={{l}}.|gN=|idN={{l}}. As distinguished by mere linking templates, the affix template, categorizing terms by affix, also adds the sense id to the category name to distinguish various purposes of the same affix shape, hence the sense id in the dictionary entry for the affix should have a reasonable name in respect to this categorization. Changes the category name fromlanguage name termsaffixed withaffix tolanguage name termsaffixed withaffix (value of id parameter).|posN={{l}}. If this parameter containspatronym(ic), the entry will be added to alanguage's patronymic category. If this parameter containsdiminutive and the|pos= parameter is defined, the entry will be added to a diminutive part-of-speech category. For instance, the parameter values|pos=noun and|pos2=diminutive suffix will add an entry to the language'sdiminutive nouns category.|litN={{l}}.|typeN=|type2=prefix.Not the same as the compound type specified using|type=.|qN=|qqN=|lN={{lb}}.|llN={{lb}}.|refN={{IPA}}.|langN=|1=. When this is provided, the language name is displayed before the part, and a derivational category is also added to the entry. This is used for the occasional term which was directly affixed at the time of borrowing, and for which no native base form existed at the time, such asvexillology.|scN=|sc=.Basic examples:
{{af|en|complete|-ness}} →complete +-ness{{af|en|pre-|date}} →pre- +date{{af|en|acro-|-nym}} →acro- +-nym{{af|en|pest|-i-|-cide}} →pest +-i- +-cide{{af|en|volley|ball}} →volley +ball{{af|en|small|en- -en}} →small +en- -en1. For Portugueseaviãozão(“large plane”), which can be viewed as being composed ofavião(“plane”), an interfix-z- and an augmentative suffix-ão, use the following:
{{af|pt|avião<t:plane>|-z-|-ão<pos:augmentative suffix>}}This can equivalently be written using separate parameters (the older way of doing things) like this:
{{af|pt|avião|t1=plane|-z-|-ão|pos3=augmentative suffix}}
2. The Portuguese medical termacromia(“achromia (lack of pigmentation)”) can be viewed as being composed directly from Ancient Greekχρῶμα(khrôma,“color”) using the Portugueseprivative (i.e. expressing "lack of") suffixa- and the abstract noun suffix-ia. Write this as follows:
{{af|pt|a-<id:privative>|grc:χρῶμα<t:color>|-ia}}In this case, there are multiple Portuguese prefixes spelleda-, with different origins and meanings. To identify the privative prefix specifically, we use the<id:...> modifier (see{{senseid}}).
3. The Italian relational adjectivelitoraneo(“coastal,littoral”) was constructed directly from the Latinlītus(“shore”) based on its stemlītor- (as found for example in the genitive singularlītoris). Write this as follows:
The use of the bracketed expression allows us to display the accusative singular form while linking to the lemma form (the nominative singular). This could also be implemented using the<alt:...> modifier.
4. The Portuguese toponymNova Escócia(“Nova Scotia”) is composed of two words, literally meaning "New Scotland". This can be written as follows:
{{af|pt|nova<pos:feminine of{{m|pt|novo|t=new}}>|Escócia<t:Scotland>}}Here, we use the<pos:...> ("part of speech") modifier to display the grammatical derivation of the wordnova. This example shows that arbitrary template code can be embedded inside an inline modifier.
5. For the Japanese term粉(kona,“powder”), the following is an actual etymology:
Appears to be{{af|ja|sort=こな|粉<tr:ko><t:powder><ng:see above>|<alt:な><tr:na><pos:suffixing element><ng:meaning unclear>}}.The use of the<alt:...> modifier with an empty term serves to prevent the term from being linked. The|sort= parameter is needed in general with any Japanese templates that generate categories, because the sort key for this language cannot be automatically generated. (It is based on the pronunciation of the term, and many Japanese terms have multiple pronunciations.)
6. An example of using<type:...>, for Tagalogsumasaibabaw:
From{{af|tl|sa-|ibabaw|-um-<type:infix>}} with initial{{rdp|tl|nocap=1}}.All of the per-term parameters described above can alternatively be specified asinline modifiers, using a syntax likeдетекти́в<tr:dɛtɛktív><t:detective> to specify modifiers such as transliterations, glosses and qualifiers. In this example, for the Russian termдетекти́в(dɛtɛktív,“detective”), the manual transliterationdɛtɛktív and gloss "detective" are given. Specifically, the following modifiers are recognized; see the above documentation for more information on the exact meaning of each modifier.
t orgloss: glossalt: alternative display texttr: transliterationts: transcription, for languages where the transliteration and pronunciation are markedly differentq: qualifier, e.g.high-register; this appears before the term, parenthesized and italicizedqq: qualifier, e.g.high-register; this appears after the term, parenthesized and italicizedl: comma-separated label(s), e.g.rare; these appear before the term, parenthesized, italicized and appropriately linkedll: comma-separated label(s), e.g.rare; these appear after the term, parenthesized, italicized and appropriately linkedref: reference(s), as in{{IPA}}lit: literal meaningpos: part of speechtype: affix type (not compound/etymology type)g: comma-separated list of gender/number specificationsid: sense ID; see{{senseid}}lang: language codesc: script codeThe following:
From {{af|pt|Patrícia|t1=Patricia|pos1=given name|-inha|pos2=diminutive suffix}}.can be equivalently written as follows using inline modifiers:
From {{af|pt|Patrícia<t:Patricia><pos:given name>|-inha<pos:diminutive suffix>}}.Both produce the following:
FromPatrícia(“Patricia”,given name) +-inha(diminutive suffix).
Note how the use of inline modifiers frees you from having to make sure the numbers of indexed parameters like|t1=,|pos2= correctly line up with the terms they are referring to.
The template will automatically categorize the entry based on the types of affixes it sees.
This behavior can be overridden using the inline modifier<type:TYPE> (or just<TYPE> for short). This should be used, for example, for Proto-Indo-European roots, which are conventionally written with a trailing hyphen but aren't prefixes, and for certain Korean suffixes such as-고-(-go-) that are written with a hypen on both ends. The recognized affix types are
prefix orpre | prefix |
suffix orsuf | suffix |
infix orin | infix |
interfix orinter | interfix |
circumfix orcircum | circumfix |
non-affix ornaf orroot | non-affix |
What is considered a hyphen depends on the specified language, so it can also support language-specific types of hyphen. In particular, the Hebrew script has its own script-specific hyphen character (which has the correct right-to-left behavior). The Arabic script does not traditionally use hyphens, though some languages have elected to use the kashida (ـ) for this purpose.
Some languages (e.g. most East Asian languages) don't use hyphens with affixes. For these languages, you should still add a regular hyphen (-) to the affix as appropriate, but the term will be displayed and linked without a hyphen.
The|type= parameter can be used to specify the subtype of compound when{{affix}} is used to specify the parts of a compound. For example, if|type=bahuvrihi is given (or|type=bahu or|type=bv), extra textBahuvrīhi compound of is generated before the listed parts (where the wordbahuvrīhi links appropriately to the appendix, with an explanation of what this term means). In addition, the page is placed in a type-specific category, e.g.Category:Hindi bahuvrihi compounds if the language in question is Hindi (codehi).
The parameter|nocap=1 can be used to disable capitalization of the first letter of the extra text generated, and|notext=1 can be used to suppress the extra text entirely. Using|type= along with|notext= is still useful because of the extra type-specific category that the page is placed in. It's also possible to use|type= without any parts, e.g.{{affix|hi|type=bahuvrihi}}. This generates just the extra text (without the wordof after it), and places the page in the type-specific category.
The following types are currently supported:
| Type | Alias of | Display(click on link for explanation) | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
abor | adapted borrowing | adapted borrowing | lang adapted borrowings fromsource |
adap | adapted borrowing | adapted borrowing | lang adapted borrowings fromsource |
adapted borrowing | — | adapted borrowing | lang adapted borrowings fromsource |
allit | alliterative | alliterative compound | lang alliterative compounds |
alliterative | — | alliterative compound | lang alliterative compounds |
ant | antonymous | antonymous compound | lang antonymous compounds |
antonymous | — | antonymous compound | lang antonymous compounds |
bahu | bahuvrihi | bahuvrīhi compound | lang bahuvrihi compounds |
bahuvrihi | — | bahuvrīhi compound | lang bahuvrihi compounds |
bv | bahuvrihi | bahuvrīhi compound | lang bahuvrihi compounds |
coord | coordinative | coordinative compound | lang coordinative compounds |
coordinative | — | coordinative compound | lang coordinative compounds |
desc | descriptive | descriptive compound | lang descriptive compounds |
descriptive | — | descriptive compound | lang descriptive compounds |
det | determinative | determinative compound | lang determinative compounds |
determinative | — | determinative compound | lang determinative compounds |
dva | dvandva | dvandva compound | lang dvandva compounds |
dvandva | — | dvandva compound | lang dvandva compounds |
dvi | dvigu | dvigu compound | lang dvigu compounds |
dvigu | — | dvigu compound | lang dvigu compounds |
endo | endocentric | endocentric compound | lang endocentric compounds |
endocentric | — | endocentric compound | lang endocentric compounds |
exo | exocentric | exocentric compound | lang exocentric compounds |
exocentric | — | exocentric compound | lang exocentric compounds |
iz1 | izafet I | izafet I compound | lang izafet I compounds |
iz2 | izafet II | izafet II compound | lang izafet II compounds |
iz3 | izafet III | izafet III compound | lang izafet III compounds |
izafet I | — | izafet I compound | lang izafet I compounds |
izafet II | — | izafet II compound | lang izafet II compounds |
izafet III | — | izafet III compound | lang izafet III compounds |
karma | karmadharaya | karmadhāraya compound | lang karmadharaya compounds |
karmadharaya | — | karmadhāraya compound | lang karmadharaya compounds |
kd | karmadharaya | karmadhāraya compound | lang karmadharaya compounds |
ken | kenning | kenning | lang kennings |
kenning | — | kenning | lang kennings |
rhy | rhyming | rhyming compound | lang rhyming compounds |
rhyming | — | rhyming compound | lang rhyming compounds |
syn | synonymous | synonymous compound | lang synonymous compounds |
synonymous | — | synonymous compound | lang synonymous compounds |
tat | tatpurusa | tatpuruṣa compound | lang tatpurusa compounds |
tatpurusa | — | tatpuruṣa compound | lang tatpurusa compounds |
tp | tatpurusa | tatpuruṣa compound | lang tatpurusa compounds |
TemplateData for affix
No description.
| Parameter | Description | Type | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| language code | 1lang | the 2- or 3-letter language code for the current section
| String | required |
| first part | 2 | the first part of the affixed word
| Page name | suggested |
| second part | 3 | the second part of the affixed word
| Page name | suggested |
| script code | sc | no description | String | optional |
| first part of speech | pos1 | no description | String | optional |
| second part of speech | pos2 | no description | String | optional |
| first part alternate text | alt1 | Text to show instead of the first part for the link to its entry | String | optional |
| second part alternate text | alt2 | Text to show instead of the second part for the link to its entry | String | optional |
| first gloss | t1 | brief gloss of the first part | String | optional |
| second gloss | t2 | brief gloss of the second part | String | optional |
| first part transliteration | tr1 | Transliteration of the first part (for non-Latin scripts) | String | optional |
| second part transliteration | tr2 | Transliteration of the second part (for non-Latin scripts) | String | optional |