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Sie

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

See also:Appendix:Variations of "sie"

Bavarian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromGermanSie.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /si(ː)/,(stressed)[siː],(unstressed)[sɪ],[se]

Pronoun

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Sie

you(formal)

Usage notes

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In Bavarian the formal pronounSie is used less often than in Standard German. It can be used in both singular and plural, but it's even less common in the plural.

Sie has mostly been used towards strangers, especially those who don't speak Bavarian, as they would consider the Bavarian usage ofdu as rude; however, it is becoming more common by the influence of Standard German.

Bavarian personal pronouns
	nominative	accusative	dative
stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1^st person singular	i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2^nd person singular	informal	du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
formal	Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3^rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
n	es,des	's	des	's
f	se,de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1^st person plural	mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2^nd person plural	eß,ihr	—	enk,eich	—	enk,eich	—
3^rd person plural	se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Central Franconian

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Alternative forms

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Siet(northernmost Ripuarian)
Sick(Kölsch)
Seck(most other Ripuarian)
Seit(Moselle Franconian)

Etymology

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FromOld High German*sīda, northern variant ofsīta, fromProto-Germanic*sīdǭ.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ziː/

Noun

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Sie f (pluralSijje)

(westernmost Ripuarian)side
Jank opSie! ―Go aside!
(westernmost Ripuarian)page

German

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Alternative forms

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-se,Se(colloquial, rare spelling)

Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European language promoninal stem-i and initials. In the early Germanic languages, thesie is formed according to the above pattern, compareGothic languagesi. Thesi/se was originally used to strengthen demonstrative pronouns, which is still preserved today indieser, diese, dieses. Thesie probably found its way into German primarily via theOld Saxonse, which developed as a plural form of the simple demonstrativethia.InOld High German, the formssi andsie are then found, which are also retained inMiddle High German. In Modern High German, the many alternative forms (e.g.Middle Low Germanse) disappeared in favor of the modernsie. Due to the grammatical equality ofsie andSie, the capitalization of the pronoun came into use in the 17th century to differentiate between them when used as a form of address.(Canthis⁽⁺⁾ etymology besourced?)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ziː/
Audio: (file)
Audio(Germany (Berlin)): (file)
Homophones:sie,sieh
Rhymes:-iː

Pronoun

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Sie

you(polite, singular and plural)
Was möchtenSie, Frau Wagner?
What wouldyou like to have, Mrs. Wagner?
Wenn ich Sie hereinbitten dürfte, meine Herren.
If I may invite you in, gentlemen.

Usage notes

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The GermanSie expressesdistance in the relation between two persons. It is not perfectly correct to say that it expresses respect.Sie has never been used to address gods and saints. Towards parents it was only briefly used during the 18th century by some of the upper classes. (In both of these cases, however,Ihr was formerly possible alongsidedu.) Even royal highnesses used to be addressed asdu, albeit not personally but in songs and poems (compare the famous "Heil dir im Siegerkranz").
TheSie is the standard form of address to a stranger and should therefore always be used initially. Despite the increasing use of thedu, an unauthorizeddu can be considered impolite.
In standard German,Sie is usually used with the surname. However, younger people are also addressed by their first name. The combination of first name andSie is mainly used in secondary schools (usually from the Abitur onwards).

Sie is identical in form to the third person plural pronounsie(“they”) and takes the same verb form. The "polite"Sie is distinguished in writing by capitalization. The only form which is not capitalized is the reflexivesich. When addressing a person withSie, one generally needs to replace the third person plural pronoun with the demonstrativedie ("those ones") to avoid confusion:Wissen Sie, wasdie zu mir gesagt haben? − “Do you know what they said to me?”

Declension

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German personal pronouns
	singular					plural			sing. and pl.
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	m	f	n	1st person	2nd person familiar¹	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
nominative	ich	du -e²	er	sie -se²	es	wir	ihr	sie -se²	Sie Ihr³
genitive	meiner mein³	deiner dein³	seiner sein³	ihrer	seiner sein³	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer³
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch³
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se²	es	uns	euch	sie -se²	Sie Euch³

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters. ²enclitic,colloquial ³archaic

The genitive caseIhrer is more and more rarely used in modern German.
The genitive caseIhrer does not express ownership, so it must not be confused with the possessive pronounIhr, which is declined by gender, singular/plural and case.

Derived terms

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siezen

Anagrams

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Pennsylvania German

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Etymology

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CompareGermanSie.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /siː/

Pronoun

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Sie

you(polite)

Declension

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Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
Number	singular						plural
Person/ Gender	1st	2nd person		3rd person			1st	2nd	3rd
Person/ Gender	1st	familiar	polite/formal	m	f	n	1st	2nd	3rd
nominative	ich	du de¹	dihr der¹ Sie	er	sie se¹	es	mir mer¹	dihr der¹	sie
dative	mir mer¹	dir der¹	eich Ihne Ne¹	ihm em¹	ihre re¹	ihm em¹	uns	eich	ihne ne¹
accusative	mich	dich	eich Sie	ihn en¹	sie se¹	es	uns	eich	sie

¹ unstressed

Plautdietsch

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Gausssie(“gas filter”)
sieen(“to sieve”)

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